• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2005

A contactless recharging device for totally implantable middle ear systems has been designed as a pillow type that the user can recharge the implanted battery with taking a rest. The proposed device uses the electromagnetic coupling between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil. To supply sufficient power for the implanted circuits, each coil uses LC resonance and the implanted device uses voltage doubler. A power MOSFET is used for switching the DC voltage of LC parallel circuit and the switching frequency demands on a programmable frequency generator which is controlled by microcontroller. In order to improve the electromagnetic coupling efficiency at specific positions of coil which may vary with the displacement of head, the optimal location of receiving coil was studied, and the 5 transmitting coils in a pillow for recharging the implant module was designed. From such a recharging experiment, it was found that the proposed device could provide the sufficient operating voltage within the distance of 4 cm between pillow and the implanted device.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2020

The root meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana is protected by the root cap, the size of which is tightly regulated by the balance between the formative cell divisions and the dispersal of the outermost cells. We isolated an enhancer-tagged dominant mutant displaying the short and twisted root by the overexpression of ZINC-FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA1 (ZAT1) encoding an EAR motif-containing zinc-finger protein. The growth inhibition by ZAT1 was shared by ZAT4 and ZAT9, the ZAT1 homologues. The ZAT1 promoter was specifically active in the outermost cells of the root cap, in which ZAT1-GFP was localized when expressed by the ZAT1 promoter. The outermost cell-specific expression pattern of ZAT1 was not altered in the sombrero (smb) or smb bearskin1 (brn1) brn2 accumulating additional root-cap layers. In contrast, ZAT4-GFP and ZAT9-GFP fusion proteins were distributed to the inner root-cap cells in addition to the outermost cells where ZAT4 and ZAT9 promoters were active. Overexpression of ZAT1 induced the ectopic expression of PUTATIVE ASPARTIC PROTEASE3 involved in the programmed cell death. The EAR motif was essential for the growth inhibition by ZAT1. These results suggest that the three related ZATs might regulate the maturation of the outermost cells of the root cap.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2015

A total of CNU 28 hybrids were developed at the CNU Corn Breeding Lab. were evaluated to identify new cultivars in botanical characteristics, fresh yield per 10a and taste qualities. Most of these hybrids were stable in environmental stresses such as lodging, disease and insects. Stem height ranged from 115.0 to 239.3 cm, and ear height ranged from 30.7 to 107.0 cm. The ear height to stem height ratio was showed low than 50% of standard as a stable plant type to lodging. The range of ear length was 14.2 cm to 23.0 cm. Especially, CNU 13H-73 was very longest ear as a 23 cm. The fresh yield per 10a was high in purple of CNU13H-79 hybrid than control hybrid Miheuckchal, and CNU13H-73 in white hybrid was similar Yeonnong check hybrid. The 100-kernel weights in CNU13H-3 and CNU13H-9 hybrids were higher than that of the control hybrid. CNU13H-98 among hybrids had a 100-kernel weight of 20.32 g, which was heavier than that of the control hybrid Daehackchal Gold 1. The average pericarp thickness was $41.4{\mu}m$, CNU13H-46 among hybrids had a very thin pericarp as a $35.5{\mu}m$. The mean sugar content of the used hybrids was 14.95 brix%; CNU13H-73 and CNU13H-55 had higher than Mibak2 as a control hybrid.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.171-182
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• 2002

The differential electromagnetic transducer for IME(implantable middle ear) system, which have two small permanent magnets glued with the same pole facing each other in the coil, has high vibration efficiency and does not influenced by external magnetic field. In this paper, using finite element method, highly efficient structure of the transducer was proposed and vibration force of the transducer was calculated by electromagnetic theory. And the necessary vibration force of transducer to transmit the sound signal to inner ear when the transducer is attached at stapes was calculated and the design parameters of the transducer were investigated. Using the parameters, the differential electromagnetic transducer was manufactured in small size to implant in confined human middle ear. And it was examined by unloaded and loaded vibration experiment using temporal bone sampled from cadaver.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.46-61
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• 2017

Objectives : Allergic contact dermatitis(ACD) is a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction that results from cumulative exposures and subsequent sensitization to an environmental chemical. Lonicerae Caulis(LC) can clear away heat and relieve toxin, disperse wind and heat, dredge the channel. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of LC on allergic contact dermatitis(ACD) induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB) in mice. Methods : In this experiment, the effects of LC on changes in body weights, ear and dorsum skin thicknesses, ear weights, clinical aspects on the dorsum skin, histopathological changes, spleen/body ratio, cytokines were investigated. In addition, the effects on proliferations of splenocytes were also investigated in vitro and vivo study. Results : LC spread(SPR) group and LC spread and administered(SPR+ADM) group showed diminished ear thicknesses. In SPR+ADM group, ear weights were lowered significantly compared to contact dermatitis control(CTL) group. LC treatment diminished erythema, desquamation and keratosis which were induced by repeated painting of DNCB. In histopathological observation, spongiosis and edema were diminished in SPR and SPR+ADM group. In cytokines, SPR+ADM group were increased in IL-10, and SPR and SPR+ADM group were decreased in TNF-${\alpha}$ compared with control group. Conclusions : These data suggest that LC can decrease symptoms of ACD, then LC is useful to treat patient with ACD.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.576-584
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• 2016

In this study, we measured the air tightness of a train using pressure variation in tunnels. To estimate the air tightness of a train is essential to comprehend the pressure variation of the cabin because air tightness is strongly related with ear discomfort. If we can determine the air tightness, we can predict the pressure variation of the cabin. Also, ear discomfort is a problem that can be caused in a high speed train, as well as in Korea's Great Train Express. In this study, we compared the various international standards for ear discomfort and estimated the air tightness of each vehicle based on experimental data obtained using the ITX, KTX and KTX-sancheon(honam) vehicles. The internal pressure variation of the trains is numerically calculated using the air tightness value. The results are good compared to the experimental results. Instead of flap type ventilation, in the future, continuous ventilation equipment will be needed for speed-up.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.544-551
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• 2015

Background Changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) occur between the proliferating and involuted phases of infantile hemangiomas (IH), and are associated with angiogenic growth. We examined the composition of the ECM in proliferating and involuted IHs and assessed correlations between the composition of the ECM and whether the IH was in the proliferating or the involuted phase. Methods We evaluated IH samples from a cohort of patients who had five proliferating IHs and five involuted IHs. The following ECM molecules were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunohistochemistry: laminin, fibronectin, collagen type I, collagen type II, and collagen type III. Results The involuted IHs had higher levels of deposition of collagen type III than the proliferating IHs. The median values (interquartile ranges) were 1.135 (0.946-1.486) and 1.008 (0.780- 1.166) (P=0.019), respectively. The level of laminin was higher in involuted IHs than in proliferating IHs, with median values (interquartile ranges) of 3.191 (2.945-3.191) and 2.479 (1.699- 3.284) (P=0.047), respectively. Abundant collagen type III staining was found in involuted IHs. Laminin ${\alpha}4$ chain staining was clearly present within the basement membrane adjacent to the blood vessels, and was significantly more intense in involuted IHs than in proliferative IHs. Conclusions Involuted hemangiomas showed extensive deposition of collagen III and laminin, suggesting that differences in the composition of the ECM reflect stages of the development of IHs. This pattern may be due to the rapid senescence of IHs.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2023

Background: When performing reduction of zygomatic arch fractures, locating the inward portion of the fracture can be difficult. Therefore, this study investigated the discrepancy between the locations of the depression on the soft tissue and bone and sought to identify how to determine the inward portion of the fracture on the patient's face. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of chart with isolated zygomatic arch fractures of type V in the Nam and Jung classification from March 2013 to February 2022. For consistent measurements, a reference point (RP), at the intersection between a vertical line passing through the end point of the root of the ear helix in the patient's side-view photograph and a transverse line passing through the longest horizontal axis of the external meatus opening, was established. We then measured the distance between the RP and the soft tissue depression in a portrait and the bone depression on a computed tomography (CT) scan. The discrepancy between these distances was quantified. Results: Among the patients with isolated zygomatic arch fractures, only those with a fully visible ear on a side-view photograph were included. Twenty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. There were four types of discrepancies in the location of the soft tissue depression compared to the bone depression: type I, forward and upward discrepancy (7.45 and 3.28 mm), type II, backward and upward (4.29 and 4.21 mm), type III, forward and downward (10.06 and 5.15 mm), and type IV, backward and downward (2.61 and 3.27 mm). Conclusion: This study showed that discrepancy between the locations of the depressions on the soft tissue and bone exists in various directions. Therefore, applying the transverse and vertical distances measured from a bone image of the CT scan onto the patient's face at the indicated RP will be helpful for predicting the reduction location.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.473-476
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• 2005

In this paper a new type of piezoelectric floating mass type transducer (PFMT) which has advantages of the piezoelectric transducers and the electromagnetic ones has been proposed and designed. To evaluate the frequency characteristics of the PFMT, the finite element analysis and the acoustic simulation of transducer have been performed. The designed PFMT was implemented by a precision manufacturing and the vibration characteristics of the PFMT were measured. Through the measured results from various experiments, it is verified that the implemented PFMT can be used in implantable middle ear hearing devices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.9 no.3 s.28
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• pp.32-37
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• 2005

Hose bands, which are used in LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) or LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) facilities for home use to join low pressure hoses with fuse-cocks (or regulators), should give a tight connection to prevent a gas leakage from hose connection parts. In this paper, hydraulic pressure tests and pull force tests were carried out to evaluate the performance and swaging length of hose bands. Experimental results showed that the swaging force of ear type bands were higher than those of spring bands and also showed that the optimal swaging length was about 1${\~}$2 mm from the hose end.