• 생약학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.233-238
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• 1985

A number of sedative alkaloids were isolated from Sanjoin(酸棗仁), the seeds of Zizyphus vulgaris Lamark var. spinosus Bunge (Rhamnaceae) which is an important Chinese medicinal material used to treat insomnia and sometimes to treat sleepiness. Those compounds were designated as Sanjoinine-A, B, C, D, etc. depending on the order of increasing polarity. Sanjoinine-A, $C_{31}H_{42}N_4O_4$, $mp\;249^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{27}_D-316$, Sanjoinine-B, $C_{30}H_{40}N_4O_4$, $mp\;212{\sim}4^{\circ}$, Sanjoinene, $C_{29}H_{35}N_3O_4$, $mp\;281{\sim}2^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{22}_D-272$, Sanjoinine-D, $C_{32}H_{46}N_4O_5$, $mp\;256{\sim}8^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{22}_D-53.6$, Sanjoinine-F, $C_{31}H_{42}N_4O_5$, $mp\;228{\sim}9^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{22}_D-215$, and $Sanjoinine-G_1,\;C_{31}H_{44}N_4O_5,\;mp\;236{\sim}8^{\circ},\;[{\alpha}]^{22}_D-68.6$, were found as 14-membered cyclic peptide alkaloids, $Sanjoinine-G_2,\;C_{30}H_{42}N_4O_4,\;mp\;182^{\circ},\;[{\alpha}]^{22}_D-79.2$, as being open chain peptide alkaloid, and Sanjoinine-E, $C_{19}H_{21}NO_2$, $mp\;166^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D-146.2$, N-Methylasimilobine, $C_{18}H_{19}NO_2$, $mp\;193{\sim}5^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D-204$, Sanjoinine-Ia, $C_{18}H_{19}NO_2$, $mp\;155{\sim}7^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D-140$, Sanjoinine-Ib, $C_{19}H_{21}NO_4$, $mp\;184^{\circ}$, Sanjoinine-K, $C_{16}H_{19}NO_3$, $mp\;159{\sim}61^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D+35$, Caaverine, $C_{17}H_{17}NO_2$, $mp\;204^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D-80$, and Zizyphusine, $C_{20}H_{24}NO_4$, $mp\;214{\sim}6^{\circ}$, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D+317$ as being aporphine alkaloids. The heat treatment of the cyclic peptide alkaloids produced their isomeric products which showed enhanced sedative activity. The chemical structure of the isomeric products will be discussed.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2012

To investigate the influence of multi-probiotic, fermented ginseng byproduct and fermented sulfone on the performance, intestinal microflora and immunity of broiler, a five weeks trial was conducted with 340, 1-d-old $Ross{\times}Ross$ broiler. All broilers were divided into five different groups having 68 birds in each treatment, and they were assigned as control, antibiotic avilamycin (AB), multi-probiotic (MP), fermented sulfone (FS) and fermented ginseng byproduct (FGB). Each artificial or naturally derived probiotic was inoculated 0.1% level with the basal diet, and all diets were provided to birds for five weeks. Weight gain and feed intake were measured weekly basis, and blood, spleen and feces were collectedand used for the physiological properties of broiler chickens. All performances and cholesterol profiles were not significantly differed but numerically lower level of neutral fat and LDL was found in multi-probiotics and FGB treatments respectively. The salmonella spp and E. coli numbers in the ileum were high in control in relation to those of other treatments and were significantly decreased in antibiotics treatments (p<0.05). In addition, Lactobacillus spp. showed significantly higher proliferation in MP as compared to that of others (p<0.05). Fecal ammonia and $CO_2$ gas emission was significantly decreased in MP, FGB and FS, respectively (p<0.05), but significantly increased proliferation of spleen was determined in MP group in comparison of other treatments (p<0.05). Therefore, the results indicates that multi-probiotics would be valuable feed additives to improve the salmonella, E. coli and Lactobacillus proliferation, and manure gas emission of broiler chickens, but further study related to the production of manure gas emission of MP is necessary.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.2113-2120
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 셀 경계지역 사용자의 스펙트럼 효율성 향상을 위하여 3GPP LTE-A (Long-Term Evolution-Advanced) 시스템에서 논의되는 셀 간 협력 전송기법 중 하나인 CoMP (Coordinated Multi-Point) 시스템을 소개하고, 성능 검증을 위해 시스템 레벨 시뮬레이터를 개발한다. 셀 간 협력 전송 시 시스템의 성능 개선 정도를 확인하기 위하여 기존 이동통신 시스템 중 가장 높은 성능을 보이는 3GPP LTE-A 시스템을 참조 시스템으로 선정하여 성능 비교를 수행한다. CoMP 시스템 레벨 시뮬레이션은 널리 사용되고 있는 OPNET을 기반으로 하는데, 셀 간 협력 전송 시스템 설계를 바탕으로 CU (Central Unit), CeNB (CoMP eNodeB), UE (User Equipment), MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) 채널 모델 등의 모듈을 구현한다. WINNER 무선 채널 모델 및 ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 네트워크 모델 환경을 통하여 하위 5%의 스펙트럼 효율성을 가지는 셀 가장자리 사용자의 성능을 검증할 때, 3GPP LTE-A 참조 시스템 대비 제안한 CoMP 시스템의 용량이 약 2.5배 정도 증가하였음을 보인다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2009

Bz-$H_2O$와 [Bz-$H_2O]^+$의 가능한 구조(N-1, N-2, C-1, C-2, 그리고 TS)에 대하여 여러 이론 수준에 서 분자구조를 최적화 하였으며, 조화 진동주파수를 계산하여 IR 스펙트럼을 예측하였다. 분자 구조의 최적화에서 가장 높은 이론 수준은 B3LYP/cc-pVQZ이며, 보다 정확한 결합에너지를 구하기 위하여 MP2 수준에서 한 점(single point) 에너지 계산을 하였다. 또한 영점 진동에너지(zero-point vibrational energy) 보정을 하여 실험값과 비교하였다. 결합에너지는 N-1 구조에 대하여 MP2/cc-pVQZ//B3LYP/cc-pVQZ 이론 수준에서 $D_e$ 값이 3.92 kcal/mol, 그리고 $D_0$ 값은 3.11 kcal/mol로 계산되었으며, 같은 이론 수준에서 [Bz-$H_2O]^+$의 C-1 구조에 대해서 $D_e$ 값은 9.06 kcal/mol 그리고 $D_0$ 값은 7.82 kcal/mol로 계산되어 실험값 과 비교적 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 분석과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.511-517
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• 1995

A cationic water soluble porphyrin (5,10,15,20-tetrakis (l-methyl-pyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin, $H_2tmpyp^{4+}$) and its metalloporphyrins (MP) were easily extracted into acetonitrile separated by addition of sodium chloride ($4mol\;dm^{-3}$) in the presence of sodium perchlorate, where M denotes $Zn^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Co^{3+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, and $Mn^{3+}$ and $P^{2-}$ is porphyrinate ion. The extracted ion-pair complexes were completely dissociated to $[MP(ClO_4)_3]^+$, and $[MP(ClO_4)_2]^{2+}$. The extraction and the dissociation constants were determined by taking into account of the partition constant of sodium perchlorate ($K_D=1.82{\pm}0.01$). The chemical properties of the separated acetonitrile phase as $E_{T(30)}$ and $D_{II,I}$ were determined and compared with other water miscible solvents (acetone, actonitrile, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1-propanol and 2-propanol). Furthermore, a sensitive and selective method was proposed for the determination of a subnanogram amount of copper(II) in natural water samples by using the present salting-out method and the porphyrins.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38B권3호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2013

최근 HD급 동영상이나 3D 어플리케이션과 같은 이전보다 저사양, 모바일 단말에서는 구동하기 힘든 프로그램들에 대한 이용 요구가 확대되면서 처리해야 할 콘텐츠 데이터들이 고용량화 되고 있다. 클라우드 기반의 VDI(Virtual Desktop Infrastructure) 서비스는 이를 처리하기 위해 효율적인 데이터 처리 능력이 필요해졌으며 QoE(Quality of Experience) 보장을 위한 성능 개선 연구가 이슈가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 H/W 성능이 향상되어 CPU와 GPU를 탑재한 Thick Client기반의 3가지 Thick-Thin간 VDI 자원 공유 및 위임이 가능한 VDI 서비스에 대해 제안하며, VDI 서비스 성능의 개선을 위해 CPU와 GPU가 혼합된 Heterogeneous 멀티코어 환경에서 CPU와 GPU 병렬 처리 기법인 OpenMP와 CUDA를 활용하여 VDI 서비스 최적화 방안을 제안하고 기존의 VDI와 비교한 성능을 거론한다.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2010년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.225-228
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• 2010

본 논문은 CoMP 기법이 적용된 다중 사용자 MIMO-OFDMA 시스템을 위한 자원할당 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘에서는 eNode B가 RRE와 UE간의 채널 정보를 이용하여 전체 송신 전력 제한을 가지면서 전체 데이터 레이트가 최대가 되도록 자원을 할당한다. 자원할당 알고리즘을 통해 얻어진 결과를 이용하여 부반송파에 다수의 UE들이 할당된다. 할당된 UE들은 각각 MIMO 채널을 통해 다수의 공간경로를 갖고 각 공간경로에서는 할당된 전력에 따라 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 중 하나를 선택하여 전송한다.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2 (1)
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• pp.658-660
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• 2001

최근 초고속 통신망을 이용한 인터넷의 대중화와 더불어 인터넷을 기반으로 하는 전자상거래가 활발해지고 있다. 특히 인터넷을 통한MP3 데이터 등의 멀티미디어 컨텐츠의 유통은 많은 연구의 대상이 되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 AOD(Audio On Demand) 시스템들은 실질 적인 불법복제방지와 저작권 보호에 미흡한 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 공개키 기반 구조(PKI: Public Key Infrastructure)[1,2]에 기초하여 실질적인 불법복제방지와 저작권을 보호하는 AOD 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 사용자의 공개키를 이용하여 MP3 데 이터를 전송함으로써 전송 도중 제 3자로부터의 공격에 대응할 수 있고, 정당한사용자 외에는 MP3 데이터를 사용하지 못하도록 함으로써 사용자와 판매자의 권리를 보장한다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.715-725
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• 2023

Microplastic (MP) pollution in aquatic environments is a growing concern worldwide. This study investigated the abundance, types, and attributes of MPs in the surface water at two industrial sites (Avoimitro Ghat and Kalurghat) along the Karnaphuli River in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Sampling was conducted over eight months across three transects encompassing a total area of 500 m at each site. A manta net of 200 ㎛ mesh size was used to sample MPs. The obtained samples were subsequently filtered, enumerated, and characterized using a stereo microscope and imaging software. The mean abundance of MP particles (per km² ) was found higher in Avoimitro Ghat (94,861 ± 57,126) than in Kalurghat (31,343 ± 23,183). A significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the mean abundance of MP particles between the wet and dry seasons. The fragment group of MP exhibited the most abundant category, whereas the pellet category displayed the lowest. MPs with an elongated shape prevailed at both locations throughout all seasons. At Avoimitro Ghat, blue-colored MPs demonstrated the highest mean count, while in Kalurghat, the highest mean count belonged to brown-colored MPs. The size distribution of MPs differed between the two sites, with 1-2 mm MPs being plentiful in both seasons and Avoimitro Ghat, whereas MPs ranging from 500 ㎛ to less than 1 mm were abundant in Kalurghat. Ten (10) polymer types were found from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis with high levels of polypropylene atactic in both Avoimitro Ghat (32%) and Kalurghat (17%). The findings provide important insights into MP pollution in the Karnaphuli River, which may aid in developing effective strategies to mitigate the impacts of MP pollution on the aquatic ecosystem and human health.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate quality characteristics of pork myofibrillar protein (MP) added with cornstarch as affected by different pH values and salt cocnentrations. MP mixtures were prepared with three different pH values (pH 6.00, 6.25, and 6.50) and three different salt concentrations (0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 M). Cooking yield (CY), gel strength, viscosity, and scanning electron microscopy were measured to evaluate characteristics of MPs. CYs of MPs with cornstarch at above pH 6.25 or salt 0.30 M were increased compared to those at pH 6.00 or salt 0.15 M. However, gel strengths of MPs at salt 0.45 M were higher than those at salt 0.30 M. In microstructure analysis, MP gels with increasing pH value and salt concentration showed compact and uniform structure. Thus, MP gels with pH 6.25 and salt concentration of 0.30 M would be better for manufacturing meat products containing cornstarch to increase their water holding ability.