• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ofloxacin tablets, Tarivid (Jeil Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Favid (ILHWA Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty-four normal male volunteers, $23.67{\pm}3.12$ year in age and $68.50{\pm}7.23$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After four tablets containing 100 mg of ofloxacin were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and concentrations of ofloxacin in plasma were determined using HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals for the log transformed data were acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., $log0.94{\sim}log1.04\;and\;log0.90{\sim}log1.07\;for\;AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$, respectively). The major parameters, $AUC_t$, and $C_{max}$, met the criteria of KDFA for bioequivalence indicating that Favid tablet is bioequivalent to Tarivid tablet.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence of two benidipine hydrochloride tablets, Codipine (Youngjin Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Benipine (Myungmoon Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty-four normal male volunteers, $23.00{\pm}1.82$ year in age and $70.08{\pm}9.59$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 4 mg of benidipine hydrochloride were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and concentrations of benidipine in plasma were determined using LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, and $C_{max}$. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals for the log transformed data were acceptance range of log0.8 to log1.25 $(e.g., \;log1.04{\sim}log1.24\;and\;log0.91{\sim}log1.09$ for $AUC_t$, and $C_{max}$ respectively). The major parameters, $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, met the criteria of KDFA for bioequivalence indicating that Benipine tablet is bioequivalent to Codipine tablet.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.329-342
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• 2020

In this paper, we analyzed the requirements for the application of UAM, a new concept to solve the traffic congestion in large cities. First, the current domestic and foreign status of research and development related to UAM was investigated and the pros and cons and the time required for each mission radius were analyzed for various configurations of aircraft being commercialized. In addition, in order to analyze the market acceptance of the UAM, the individual's consciousness and reliability requirements were identified and safety requirements were analyzed through accident rate data for each aircraft type. Because it operates in a densely populated urban area, requirement analyses on noise and exhaust, which are environmental factors that can affect the community were performed, and requirements related to aircraft performance, certification standards, and airworthiness standards of FAA and EASA were also analyzed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7757-7759
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• 2013

Physicians, in order to study the causes of cancer, detect cancer earlier, prevent or determine the effectiveness of treatment, and specify the reasons for the treatment ineffectiveness, need to access accurate, comprehensive, and timely cancer data. The cancer care environment has become more complex because of the need for coordination and communication among health care professionals with different skills in a variety of roles and the existence of large amounts of data with various formats. The goals of health care systems in such a complex environment are correct health data management, providing appropriate information needs of users to enhance the integrity and quality of health care, timely access to accurate information and reducing medical errors. These roles in new systems with use of agents efficiently perform well. Because of the potential capability of agent systems to solve complex and dynamic health problems, health care system, in order to gain full advantage of E- health, steps must be taken to make use of this technology. Multi-agent systems have effective roles in health service quality improvement especially in telemedicine, emergency situations and management of chronic diseases such as cancer. In the design and implementation of agent based systems, planning items such as information confidentiality and privacy, architecture, communication standards, ethical and legal aspects, identification opportunities and barriers should be considered. It should be noted that usage of agent systems only with a technical view is associated with many problems such as lack of user acceptance. The aim of this commentary is to survey applications, opportunities and barriers of this new artificial intelligence tool for cancer care information as an approach to improve cancer care management.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2015

The purpose of the study is to examine a structural relationship among mobile self-efficacy, mobility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention to use of a mobile learning service using technology acceptance model. The result revealed that mobile self-efficacy, mobility had a direct effect on perceived ease of use. Second, mobile self-efficacy, mobility, perceived ease of use had a direct effect on perceived usefulness. Third, mobile self-efficacy, mobility, perceived usefulness had a direct effect on intention to use of a mobile learning service. However, perceived ease of use did not have a effect on behavioral intention of mobile learning service.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.722-729
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical, sensory, and microbiological properties of ready-to-eat Korean traditional seasoned beef ribs ("galbi-jjim") prepared by sous-vide/cookchill technology during storage at three different temperatures (4, 10, and $20^{\circ}C$). Beef short ribs marinated in soy sauce for 24 h at $3^{\circ}C$ were packed with vegetables under vacuum. Vacuum-packed beef ribs mixed with vegetables were heated at $90^{\circ}C$ for 90 min in a water bath, and then immediately chilled below $3^{\circ}C$ within 120 min in an ice slurry. Physicochemical (pH, water activity, TBARS, $L^*a^*b^*$ color, and texture profile), sensory (appearance, odor, flavor, texture, and acceptance) and microbiological (Coliform, Escherichia coli, food-borne pathogenic bacteria) properties of the samples were determined during storage at different temperatures. Results showed that pH, $a_w$, and sensory evaluation of products were not affected in any consistent way as a function of either storage duration or temperature. Coliform, E. coli and food-borne pathogens were not detected during storage at any temperature. However, TBARS significantly increased during storage period (p<0.05). Based on TBARS values, SV/CC "galbi-jjim" can be stored for 15 d, 12 d and 1 d at 4, 10 and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.573-588
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• 2014

How will the field of education react to the big data craze that has recently seeped into every aspect of society? To search for ways to use big data in mathematics education, this study first examined the concept of big data and examples of its application, and then pursued directions for future research in two ways. First, changes in the representation and acceptance of data are required because of changes in technology and the environment. In other words, the learning content and methodology of data treatment need to be changed by describing a myriad amount of data visually or by 'analyzing and inferring' data to provide data efficiently and clearly. Additionally, the mathematics education field needs to foster changes in curricula to facilitate the improvement of students' learning capacity in the 21st century. Second, it is necessary to more actively collect data on general education and not merely on teaching or learning to identify new information, pursue positive changes in the teaching and learning of mathematics, and stimulate interest and research in the field so that it can be used to make policy decisions regarding mathematics education.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a tobacco specific nitrosamine found only in tobacco products. The ability to monitor biomarker concentrations is very important in understanding environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). In this study, an efficient and sensitive method for the analysis of NNK in dust was developed and validated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Dust was collected with filter paper soaked in methanol. The standard solution and dust sample were diluted with 100 mM ammonium acetate and extracted using dichloromethane. Our calibration curves ranged from 25 to $10^4pg/mL$. Excellent linearity was obtained with correlation coefficient values between 0.9996 and 1.0000. The limit of detection (LOD) was 5 pg/mL ($S/N{\geq}3$) and the retention time was 10 min. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 25 pg/mL, and the acceptance criteria was the rate of 98-103% (80-120% at levels up to $3{\times}LOQ$). The coefficient of variations (CV) was 2.8%. Accuracies determined from dust samples spiked with four different levels of NNK racurves ranged that from 25 to 104 pg/mL. Excellent linearity was obtained between 92.1% and 114%. The precision of the method was acceptable (5% of CV). The recovery rates of the whole analytical procedure at low, medium, and high levels were 105.7-116.5% for NNK. The carry-over effects during LC-MS/MS analysis were not observed for NNK. This manuscript summarizes the scientific evidence on the use of markers to measure ETS.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2024

The projected growth of global meat production over the next decade is attributed to rising income levels and population expansion. One potentially more pragmatic approach to mitigating the adverse externalities associated with meat production involves implementing alterations to the production process, such as transitioning to cultured meat, hybrid cultured meat, and meat alternatives. Cultured meat (CM) is derived from animal stem cells and undergoes a growth and division process that closely resembles the natural in vivo cellular development. CM is emerging as a widely embraced substitute for traditional protein sources, with the potential to alleviate the future strain on animalderived meat production. To date, the primary emphasis of cultured meat research and production has predominantly been around the ecological advantages and ethical considerations pertaining to animal welfare. However, there exists substantial study potential in exploring consumer preferences with respect to the texture, color, cuts, and sustainable methodologies associated with cultured meat. The potential augmentation of cultured meat's acceptance could be facilitated through the advancement of a wider range of cuts to mimic real muscle fibers. This review examines the prospective commercial trends of hybrid cultured meat. Subsequently, the present state of research pertaining to the advancement of scaffolding, coloration, and muscle fiber development in hybrid cultured meat, encompassing plant-based alternatives designed to emulate authentic meat, has been deliberated. However, this discussion highlights the obstacles that have arisen in current procedures and proposes future research directions for the development of sustainable cultured meat and meat alternatives, such as plant-based meat production.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.23-45
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• 2011

People could possess different self-identity under virtual world from physical world because of anonymity of the virtual world and this difference could influence their behavior in the virtual world. Based on self-discrepancy theory, this research proposes that continuous use model in self-expression goal. We defined the difference bet ween actual self~identity and ideal self~identity in the virtual world as "self-discrepancy in virtual world", and the difference between actual self-identity in the physical world and actual self-identity in the virtual world as "cross-world self-discrepancy". Before testing hypothesis, we compare the actual self-identity in the online community with the actual self-identity in the physical world, and with ideal self-identity in the virtual world. We derived an index for two different types of self-identity in terms of Personal Self-identity and Social Self-identity through factor analysis. Our results show that online community members have a higher level of ideal self-identity than actual self-identity in online community, and they have better personal self-identity in online community than physical world while a lower level of social self-identity in online community than physical world. The results of the hypothesis testing analysis based on 300 respondents showed that "self-discrepancy in virtual world" negatively influenced perceived usefulness for self-expression while "cross-world self-discrepancy" positively influenced perceived usefulness for self-expression. The perceived usefulness for self-expression and ease of use positively influence both continuous use and knowledge contribution. Specially, the effect of perceived usefulness for self-expression on knowledge contribution is much bigger than the effect of ease of use. This study extends self-discrepancy theory to virtual worlds by suggesting various types of self-discrepancy and by applying the effect of self-discrepancies in online community. Also, this study extends technology acceptance model in the personal goal in terms of self-expression. This study hopes to offer practical insights by suggesting positive effect of self-discrepancy on behavior in the online community.