• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.620-636
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• 2015

Survivability is a necessary property of network system in disturbed environment. Recovery ability is a key actor of survivability. This paper concludes network survivability into a novel composite metric, i.e. Network Recovery Degree (NRD). In order to measure this metric in quantity, a concept of Source-Destination Pair (SD Pair), is created to abstract end-to-end activity based on end nodes in network, and the quality of SD Pair is also used to describe network performance, such as connectivity, quality of service, link degree, and so on. After that, a Survivability Test method in large scale Network based on SD pairs, called STNSD, is provided. How to select SD Pairs effectively in large scale network is also provided. We set up simulation environment to validate the test method in a severe destroy scenario and evaluate the method scalability in different large scale network scenarios. Experiment and analysis shows that the metric NRD correctly reflects the effort of different survivability strategy, and the proposed test method STNSD has good scalability and can be used to test and evaluate quantitative survivability in large scale network.

• 에너지공학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2012

폐기물 저감 재활용 에너지화 기술은 27대 중점 녹색기술 중 하나로, 2012년까지 정부 R&D 투자가 증가해야 함에도 불구하고, 2008년~2010년 기간 동안 연평균 증가율이 오히려 감소하였다. 이에 따라 동 분야의 정부 R&D 투자 현황을 상세히 분석하였고, 그 결과 총 정부 R&D 투자는 감소하였지만, 동 분야에서 정의하는 전략제품 서비스 기술에 대한 투자는 증가하고 집중화 되는 추세로 나타나 투자의 질적인 측면은 양호했다고 판단된다. 특히 2010년에는 전략제품 서비스 기술 중 3개 기술군((1) 폐기물 에너지화설비, (2) 폐기물자원순환시설, (3) 폐기물기반 물질생산시설)의 비중이 24 ~ 28%로 비교적 균등하게 투자되어, 정부 R&D 투자는 질적으로 적절했다고 판단되어 진다. 이러한 분석틀은 향후 녹색기술 R&D 정책 추진점검에서 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2020

본 연구는 선행연구에서 다뤄지지 않았던 예방소방과 대비소방을 수방수요에 포함시켜 소방예산에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 16개 광역자치단체에서 수행된 예방소방행정(건축허가동의, 특정 소방대상물, 다중이용업, 소방특별조사), 대비소방행정(소방교육 및 훈련), 대응소방행정(화재진압출동, 구급출동) 그리고 소방예산에 대한 11년(2008년-2018년)의 패널자료를 이용하여 실증분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 예비소방행정의 소방특별조사, 대비소방행정의 소방교육 및 훈련, 그리고 대응소방행정의 화재진압출동은 소방예산에 유의미한 음(-)의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 대응소방행정의 구급출동은 0.01%수준에서 소방예산에 유의미한 양(+)의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 우리나라 소방행정의 패러다임이 재난수용(복구중심)에서 재난대응(현장대응중심)을 지나 재난대비(대비중심)로 변화되고 있다는 공공정책을 지지하는 연구결과이다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a pioneering concept of DPD(Disaster Prevention Design) to realize a securable society in the future. Features of danger in the future society are expected to be diverse, abrupt occurring, large scale, and complicated ways. Due to increment of dangers with their features of uncertainty, interactivity, complexity, and accumulation, human-oriented design concept naturally participates in activities to prevent our society against disasters effectively. We presented DPD is an essential design activity in order to cope with dangers expected in the future societies as well as realize securable environments. DPD is also an integrated design aids including preemptive protections, rapid preparing, recovery, and interactive cooperation. We also expect these activities of DPD is effective for generation of new values in the market, satisfaction of social needs, expansion of design industry, and a novel chance for development in the future society. Throughout this paper, we submit various aspects of DPD concepts including definition, classification, scope, necessity, strategy, influencing elements, process, and its principle. We expect these concepts will be the seed and/or basement of DPD research for the future works. For the direction of study for DPD in the future, we emphasize alarm system for preemptive protection rather than recovery strategy for the damage occurred. We also need to research about progressive prevention techniques and convergence with other areas of design. In order to transfer the concept of product design from facility-oriented mechanism to human-oriented one, we should develop new kinds of city basis facilities, public-sense design concepts referred to social weak-party, e-Learning content design preparing disasters, and virtual simulation design etc. On the other hand, we have to establish laws and regulations to force central and/or provincial governments to have these DPD strategies applying their regional properties. Modern design activities are expanding to UI(user interface) content design area overcoming the conventional design concept of product and/or service. In addition, designers are recognized as art directors or life stylists who will change the human life and create the social value. DPD can be divided into prevention design, preparedness design, response design, and recovery design. Five strategies for successful DPD are Precaution-oriented, Human-oriented, Sense-oriented, Legislation, and Environment Friendly Strategies.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Background: The toxicity of paraquat has been known to be caused by oxygen free radicals which leads to the lipid peroxidation and multiple organ failure. High dose vitamin C has been known to be a effective antioxidant activities against the paraquat intoxication. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of regular injection of high dose vitamin C on liver damage in paraquat poisoned rat model. Method: Fifty five rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into three groups: control group, only intraperitoneally injected saline; paraquat group, single dose intraperitoneally injected paraquat(24.5%, 40 mg/kg) and every 8 hours injected saline; paraquat and vitamin C group, single dose intraperitoneally injected paraquat(24.5%, 40 mg/kg) and every 8 hours injected vitamin C(72 mg/kg). Rats were sacrificed on the 12 hours, 1st day, 2nd day, 4th day, 7th day after injection and liver tissue was obtained. H&E(Hematoxylin & Eosin) stain and Masson's trichrome stain for collagen fiber detection were undertaken. The results were observed using the microscope. Results: 1. There were no differences between control and experimental group at the 12hours after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. 2. There were significantly decreased liver damage in experimental group in the 1st day after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. 3. There were significantly increased recovery of liver damage with time in experimental group after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. Conclusion: These results suggest that regular injection of high dose vitamin C is effective in decreasing liver damage in paraquat intoxication.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.246-257
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• 2003

Even though the automation of industrial machinery has dramatically increased, most industries still require human hands for the production of goods. Our hands are essential to our existence. For this reason, hand injuries caused by industrial accidents have become an important issue lately. Most hand injuries are external wounds and constitute 38.6% of disabling industrial accidents. This significant statistic cannot be ignored by rehabilitation programs. The rate of success in operations of finger and hand injuries has increased, but relatively less consideration has been given to physical therapy, rehabilitation, research, or systematic installment in terms of welfare, which would help the injured carry on the nominal life they lived before their injury. Therefore, it is necessary to study systematically all related aspects to provide patients with physical therapy, rehabilitation, and social welfare, in order to restore their social, professional, and economical capabilities. Physical considerations, functional usability, and cosmetic restoration, as well as the patients' mental state must be addressed. The results of the study shows several problems. Medical appliances, manpower, and the environment of the treatment rooms are very poor. The patients cannot receive treatment early enough nor enough treatment because of too many patients for too few physical therapists. Close cooperation between physical therapists and doctors, nurses, or related departments is lacking. Furthermore, it is irrational that industrial accident premiums for the exert; e treatment of hand injury patients are not itemized. Lack of recognition of the importance of specialty in hand injury therapists leads to the lack of professionalization of systematic hand injury treatment In order to solve these problems, the professonalism of physical therapy should be acknowledged and particular treatment courses should be available and/or required. Based on the understanding of the hand injury patients' needs, new theories of physical therapy should be developed and modem medical appliances and facilities should be available, in order to provide the patients with qualitative medical treatment, which then will facilitate the patients' recovery.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

Purpose - It is well known that chemyon, referred to by Westerners as face, naturally penetrates the daily life of Asians and influences their cognition, emotion, and behavior. Studies related to chemyon have been conducted in marketing and consumer behavior fields (e.g., luxury products or brands, service failure and recovery, brand preferences, consumer decision making, wedding ceremony, gift giving). A bulk of studies demonstrate that chemyon influences consumption behavior in Asian consumers. Although chemyon significantly influences consumption behavior of Asian consumers, it is also a cultural phenomenon that is not completely explained within the Western viewpoint. Whereas a number of researchers have approached cross-cultural studies of Asian and Western consumers, a limited number of studies have examined it from the perspective of chemyom. The purpose of this study is to compare the phenomenon that chemyon (face) not only affects the consumption behavior of Asia and the West universally (pan-culturally), but also distinctively (culture-specifically). That is, the purpose of this study is to describe that chemyon (face) is not only a culture-specific phenomenon but also a universal phenomenon in the consumption behavior of Asian and Western consumers, even though the extent that chemyon (face) impacts consumption behavior is differentiated. This study aims to understand commonalities and differences between Asian and Western consumption behavior in terms of chemyon (face), and to suggest how to enhance marketing effectiveness in a global market based on understanding the consumption behavior of Asia and the West. Research design, data, and methodology - Using systematic literature review and meta-analysis, this study investigates consumption behavior of Asian and Western consumers from the perspective of chemyon (face). Systematic literature review was used to compare face (chemyon) consumption of Western consumers with that of Asian consumers. To verify systematic literature review, meta-analysis was also accomplished. Results - First, the influence of face (chemyon) on consumption behavior is observed in Western consumers as well as Asian consumers. Second, Asian consumers are more influenced by face (chemyon) than Western consumers. Conclusions - Overall, chemyon (face) can affect the consumption behavior of Asians as well as the consumption behavior of Westerners.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권12A호
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• pp.1171-1180
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• 2010

무선 센서 네트워크에서 신뢰성 있는 이벤트 탐지는 중요한 연구 주제들 중 하나이다. 신뢰성 있는 이벤트 탐지를 위한 기존 연구들은 탐지 대상인 이벤트를 탱크 혹은 군인과 같은 개별적인 개체로 가정했다. 최근 많은 연구들이 화재 혹은 생화학물질과 같은 연속적인 개체의 탐지에 관심을 까지게 되었지만, 단지 통신비용의 절감에 집중하고 있기 때문에 신뢰성에 대한 고려는 부족하다. 따라서 우리는 신뢰성 있는 연속 개체 탐지 방안을 제안 하고자 한다. 신뢰성 있는 연속 개체 탐지는 단순한 연구 주제가 아니다. 하나의 점으로 나타낼 수 있는 개별 개체와는 달리, 넓은 영역을 포함하며 지리적 조건이나 바람 같은 물리적 환경에 의해 형태가 변할 수 있는 연속 개체는 유동적인 2차원 도형으로 표현되기 때문이다. 따라서 개별 개체 탐지의 신뢰성을 측정하기 위해 사용되었던 신뢰성 지표로는 연속 개체 탐지의 신뢰성을 측정할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 연속 개체 탐지에 적절한 신뢰성 지표를 새롭게 정의하고, 새로운 신뢰성 지표를 사용한 신뢰성 측정 결과를 통해 연속 개체 탐지의 오류를 복구하는 방안을 제안한다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

본 연구는 훼손된 하천 수생태계의 훼손원인을 식별하고 그 전이 과정을 규명하기 위해 수생태계 훼손원인 진단체계를 구축하고 정책적 활용 가능성을 보고자 하였다. 수생태계 현황 조사 및 건강성 평가결과는 하천의 훼손에 대한 전반적인 상황을 알 수 있어 하천 복원 및 관리의 판단 근거로 사용된다. 그러나 하천이 훼손된 원인이나 훼손이 발생하게 된 전이 과정을 고려하지 못한다는 한계를 가진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 과학적이고 체계적인 진단체계를 제안하여 훼손원인과 그 전이 과정을 규명하였다. 미국, 호주, 유럽의 사례를 분석하여 우리나라에 맞는 진단체계를 제안하였다. 총 8단계로 구성되며, 기초자료 조사, 하천 수생태계 훼손 판단, 훼손 구간 설정, 훼손 유형화 및 잠재적 훼손원인 도출, 본 조사, 주훼손원인 진단 및 최적 훼손 모델 도출, 종합분석 및 하천 복원방안으로 이루어져 있다. 이러한 진단체계는 하천 생태계의 복잡하고 다양한 특성을 고려하여 훼손원인을 파악할 수 있으며 하천 복원 및 관리 방안을 제시하여 효율적인 의사결정을 지원할 수 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.958-969
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• 1998

In this study, we attempted to investigate the needs and problems of the terminal cancer patients and their family caregivers to provide them with nursing information to improve their quality of life and prepare for a peaceful death. Data was collected from August 1, 1995 to July 31, 1996 at the internal medicine unit of S hospital in Seoul area with the two groups of participants who were family members of terminal cancer patients seventy four of them were in-patients and 34 were out-patients who were discharged from the same hospital for home care. The research tool used in this study has been developed by selecting the questionnaires from various references, modifying them for our purpose and refining them based on the results of preliminary study. While general background information about the patients was obtained by reviewing their medical records, all other information was collected by interviewing the primary family caregivers of the patients using the questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed with the SPSS PC/sup +/ program. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1) Most frequently complained symptoms of the terminal cancer patients were in the order of pain(87%), weakness(86.1%), anorexia(83.3%) and fatigue (80.6%). 2) Main therapies for the terminal cancer patients were pain control (58.3%), hyperalimentation(47.2%) and antibiotics(21.3%). 3) Special medical devices that terminal cancer patients used most were oxygen device (11.1%), and feeding tube(5.6%). Other devices were used by less than 5% of the patients. 4) The mobility of 70.4% of the patients was worse than ECOG 3 level, they had to stay in bed more than 50% of a day. 5) Patients wanted their medical staffs to help relieve pain(45.4%), various physical symptoms(29.6%), and problems associated with their emotion(11.1%). 6) 16.7% of the family caregivers hoped for full recovery of the patients, refusing to admit the status of the patients. Also, 37% wished for the extension of the patient's life at least for 6 months. 7) Only 38.9% of the family members was preparing for the patient's funeral. 8) 45.4% of family caregivers prefer hospital as the place for the patient's death, 39.8% their own home, and 14.8% undetermined. 9) Caregivers of the patients were mostly close family members, i.e., spouse(62%), and sons and daughters or daughter-in-laws(21.3%). 10) 43.5% of the family caregivers were aware of hospice care. 46.8% of them learned about the hospice care from the mass media, 27.7% from health professionals, and the rest from books and other sources. 11) Caregivers were asked about the most difficult problems they encounter in home care, 41 of them pointed out the lack of health professionals they can contact, counsel and get help from in case of emergency, 17 identified the difficulty of finding appropriate transportation to hospital, and 13 stated the difficulty of admission in hospital as needed. 12) 93.6% of family caregivers demanded 24-hour hot line, 80% the visiting nurses and doctors, and 69.4% the volunteer's help. The above results indicate that terminal patients and their family caregivers demand help from qualified health professionals whenever necessary. Hospice care system led by well-trained medical and nursing staffs is one of the viable answers for such demands.