• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1025-1032
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• 2017

In this paper, the level of service (LOS) is defined for high-speed railway links and rolling stocks. Based on this LOS, how to manage high-speed railway facility is also suggested. The LOS is divided into 6 levels from A to F. The measurement of effectiveness (MOE) for railway links is derived from the relationship between a total delay time and a railway link utilization ratio. Another MOE, volume over capacity (V/C), is also proposed. On the other hand, the LOS for high-speed railway rolling stocks is based on the density of people in a rolling stock. Above all, LOS D is defined to the total number of seats. Then, LOS A is 50% of the LOS D, LOS B is 70% of the LOS D, LOS C is 90% of the LOS D and LOS D~F is defined as the maximum seats and standing people at the level of each. Finally, a method to manage high-speed railway links and rolling stocks is proposed in order to keep the level of service at the target by the government.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.439-447
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• 2016

Interest in Augmented Reality (AR) game $Pok{\acute{e}}mon$ GO is getting heightened. However, based on its characteristic, various direct and indirect problems are highlighted, thus increasing concerns. Although the game is not formally released domestically, there are limits in national game classification to apply on such outdoor Augmented Reality game. This paper will examine the problematic cases regarding Pokemon GO and analyze internal and external game classification system to discuss safe gaming measures for domestic users. In result of examining cases, need for adding 'physical danger' in current game classification system for user's safety was shown. As the government's game regulation is being eased, appearance of a variety of games using Augmented Reality technology in near future is predicable. Therefore it is important to prepare improvement of game classification system as a pre-safety measure, and it is expected to bring positive effect on game usage and industrial growth through safe game usage.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.31
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• pp.21.1-21.7
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• 2016

Objectives The present study analyzes metal contamination in sediment of the East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar site, which is receiving a huge amount of domestic and industrial wastewater from surrounding areas. The subsequent uptake and accumulation of metals in different macrophytes are also examined in regard to their phytoremediation potential. Methods Metals like cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) were estimated in sediment, water and different parts of the macrophytes Colocasia esculenta and Scirpus articulatus. Results The concentration of metals in sediment were, from highest to lowest, Mn ($205.0{\pm}65.5mg/kg$)>Cu ($29.9{\pm}10.2mg/kg$)>Pb ($22.7{\pm}10.3mg/kg$)>Cd ($3.7{\pm}2.2mg/kg$). The phytoaccumulation tendency of these metals showed similar trends in both native aquatic macrophyte species. The rate of accumulation of metals in roots was higher than in shoots. There were strong positive correlations (p <0.001) between soil organic carbon (OC) percentage and Mn (r =0.771), and sediment OC percentage and Pb (r=0.832). Cation exchange capacity (CEC) also showed a positive correlation (p <0.001) with Cu (r=0.721), Mn (r=0.713), and Pb (r=0.788), while correlations between sediment OC percentage and Cu (r=0.628), sediment OC percentage and Cd (r=0.559), and CEC and Cd (r=0.625) were significant at the p <0.05 level. Conclusions Bioaccumulation factor and translocation factors of these two plants revealed that S. articulatus was comparatively more efficient for phytoremediation, whereas phytostabilization potential was higher in C. esculenta.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1339-1345
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• 2015

Korean government annually estimates and reports the traffic safety index to evaluate the traffic safety of 228 Gu Gun. However, since the traffic safety index is derived from the spatially macroscopic perspective based on collected relative data, there are a couple of problems such as inability to investigate the individual traffic accidents on the spot, insecurity of accuracy and reliability of traffic safety index estimation method, and absence of establishing temporal relationship of traffic accidents. Thus, this study investigated temporal traffic safety in macroscopic manner for Gu Gun in Busan depending on the installation of the traffic safety facility (i.e., urban median), employing meta analysis. As a result, all Gu Gun in Busan except Saha, Buk, Dong, and Busanjin experienced more traffic accidents after installing the urban median, indicating that there are more rooms for improvement of macroscopic traffic safety evaluation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.548-574
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• 2009

Personal information (hereinafter referred to as "PI") infringement has recently emerged as a serious social problem in Korea. PI infringement in the public and private sector is common. There were 182,666 cases of PI in 2,624 public organizations during the last three years. Online infringement cases have increased. PI leakage causes moral and economic damage and is an impediment to public confidence in public organizations seeking to manage e-government and maintain open and aboveboard administration. Thus, it is an important matter. Most cases of PI leakage result from unsatisfactory management of security, errors in home page design and insufficient system protection management. Protection management, such as encryption or management of access logs should be reinforced urgently. However, it is difficult to comprehend the scope of practical technology management satisfied legislation and regulations. Substantial protective countermeasures, such as access control, certification, log management and encryption need to be established. It is hard to deal with the massive leakage of PI and its security management. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the conditions for the technical protection measures during the processing phase of PI. In addition, we classified the standard control items of protective measures suited to public circumstances. Therefore, this study provides a standard and checklist by which staff in public organizations can protect PI via technical management activities appropriate to laws and ordinances. In addition, this can lead to more detailed and clearer instructions on how to carry out technical protection measures and to evaluate the current status.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.315-324
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• 2002

Risk communication can be defined as the exchange of information about the nature, magnitude, significance, acceptability, and management of risk. The effect of risk communication on the perception and knowledge towards risk of environmental pollutants and it's related factors were investigated in this study. To investigate perception and knowledge of students and teachers towards risk of environmental pollutants, we conducted the survey using self-administrated questionnaire. The subjects were 574 for the first survey and 465 for the seconds survey from May to June, 2000. The main methods of transmission used in this study- through video tape, visual materials, question and answer, and participation in measuring pollutants - were not a one - way street. But an interactive process where information and opinions were exchanged among individuals, groups, and institutions. Environmental pollutants measured with participation of study subjects was Radon in the class room. The concentration of Radon was measured using E -PERM Device by installing it at each site for about 5 days. Subjects showed much interest in environmental pollution. Also, more than 98％ of total subjects were perceived as Korea is seriously contaminated at present. By risk communication activity, risk perception of all subjects about Radon was increased, on the other hand, risk perception of Dioxin was decreased except for elementary student. Moreover, knowledge of all subjects about environmental risk was significantly increased (p =0.0001) and effort of reducing environmental pollution was more increased (p<0.05). There is need to further develop, refine, and integrate these approaches environmental risk communication study, there is an even more pressing need to accelerate the diffusion of environmental risk communication practice into government and organizations.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1978

To examine the result of the government Medical Aid Program which began in January, 1977 as a part of social security policy implementation, all the medical records of the clients and official statistics in the year were analysed. The specific objectives this study pursues include the magnitudes and patterns of morbidity and utilization, and the characteristics of clients. One Korean rural area, Koje county was selected as the study area and subsequently all the clinics and hospitals assigned to work out the Aid Program are the subjects for the survey. A brief summary of the sutdy results as follows: a. The clients of Koje county are 6.4% of the total population in the area, more than the average percentage of the clients in Korea. It reflects on low level of economic status of the residents of the area. b. The population structure of the clients indicates that the large proportions of young and old age group are overwhelming, while the middle age group share very small portions. c. The utilization rates for primary care are 2.0 persons, 11.6 visits and 22.6 treatment days per 100 persons per months. Annual hospitalization is rated as 13.7 cases and 164 days per 1,000 persons, The utilization rates are slightly lower than those expected rates during planning period but eventually become higher than those of general population in rural Korea. d. The factors which influence the utilization rates are identified with client group (low income vs indigent), age and sex. e. The utilization pattern for primary care demonstrates seasonal variation similar to the pattern of general rural population in the low income group, but none in the indigent group. f. The most common diseases revealed at the primary care clinics are the acute respiratory infection (26.9%), acute gastritis (10.8%), skin and subcutaneous infection (6.8%). The cases of acute conditions are outnumbered than the cases of chronic condition. 8. The clinics, hospitals and other related health institutions are well cooperated in dealing health care services in their own capacities. Considering the above results Medical Aid Program generated satisfactory results at least in the utilization aspect.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2015

In this paper, design and implementation of RIA(: Rich Internet Application) technology, a CMS based on either of the Adobe Flex framework. Flex existing HTML + CSS + Javascript, etc. it can be easily added to a variety of visual components on a markup language consisting allow you to implement a more dynamic website. The HTTP request is processed using the Spring Framework of MVC based. Spring Framework provides a number of services for the development of a dynamic website to open source framework for the Java platform. It is being used as a standard-based technology for e-government framework used to develop recommendations and Republic of Korea during the Web service public institutions. Extensive production becomes increasingly thin web can be more efficiently managed, and will provide convenience to the user.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.2 no.2 s.6
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• pp.37-46
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• 2001

Business boundaries of firms in the construction industry are strictly regulated in Korea. Under the current law, firms involved in construction processes are classified into five categories; general contractors, specialty contractors, architects' offices, engineering firms, and specialized in inspection. Among these types of firms, general contractors are prohibited to enter into specialty contractor's market and vice versa by the basic law in the construction industry. Also general contractors are not allowed to provide architectural services. The purpose of the law is to prohibit unlicensed companies from entering the construction market and to protect customers. However, the law causes critical problems e.g. low efficiency of production and rent creation. Therefore, we identify problems concerning business boundaries of firms in the construction industry and predict structural changes in the them when they are liberalized. So we surveyed general contractors and specialty contractors in Korea to estimate the effects of the liberalization on the construction industry. Most of contractors point to the enhancement of production efficiency as the motivation to integrate other construction process. If current regulations, which limit firms' decisions on business boundaries, are eliminated, firms will choose optimal business scopes taking into account types of contracts adopted by the Government for public works. Based on the cost/benifit analyses, they will decide whether to intergrate other production processes or not.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.6 s.22
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• pp.226-234
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• 2004

Dynamic nature of the A/E/C industry, rapidly changing global market environment, and lowest cost competitive bidding make it difficult to survive in global engineering markets. To understand of the global design&engineering market, a case study has been undertaken. The top 150 global design forms represented in the ENR(Engineering News Record) from 1995 to 2003 are classified three groups for the case study, First group is the firms that its rank is getting raised from 1995. Second group is the firms keep holding its rank from 1994 until 2003. Third group is the firms that its rank has gone down from 1995 until 2003. However, finding key factors and changing business strategies of successful top design fm are the fundamental goals in this paper, After examined case study, this paper concludes and suggests that professionalization, M&A strategies, patrons of government, and academic supporting are needed to be succeeding in the global design & engineering industry.