• 제목/요약/키워드: e-call

검색결과 296건 처리시간 0.028초

형식기술법에 의한 AIN 프로토콜 적합성 시험 계열 생성 (A Formal Mtehod on Conformance Testing for AIN Protocol Test Generation)

  • 김상기;김성운;정재윤
    • 한국정보처리학회논문지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.552-562
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    • 1997
  • 본 논문은 형식 기술 기법에 의한 차세대 지능망의 INAP(Intelligent Network Application Protocol) 프로토콜 적합성 시험 계열 생성을 위해 형식 기술 기법(formal Description Tehnique)을 사용하여 프로토콜을 명세화한후 이것으로부터 최소 길이의 최소 비용을 요구 하는 시험계열 생성을 위한 최적화 기술에 의한 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법을 구연하고 효율성을 증명하기 위해, INAP 프로토콜 SRF(Serivece Rexource Function)의 SRSM(SRF Call State Machine)을 형식 기술 기법 중의 하나인 SDL(System Description Language)로 명세화 하여 관련 도구로 I/O FSM(Input/Output Finite Machine)을 생성 하고, 이 참조 모델에 직접 적용하여 시험 개열을 생성하였다. 이렇게 생성 시험 개혈의 길이가 기존의 UIO(Unique Input Output)방법에 의한 31%나 개선된 짧고 효율적임을 보였고 또 오류 판단 능력면에서도 훨씬 효과가 있음을 실험적으로 증명하였다.

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이상적 C&R 환경에서의 궤적자료를 이용한 동적 OD 구축에 관한 연구 (A Dynamic OD Construction Methodology using Vehicle Trajectory in Ideal C&R Communication Environment)

  • 이정우;최기주;박상욱;손범수
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제31권3D호
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    • pp.355-361
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    • 2011
  • 최근 차세대 ITS로서 도로공사 주관 하에 스마트하이웨이에 대한 연구가 수행되고 있으며, 스마트하이웨이에서 교통 분야 서비스의 효과평가 입력 자료로 신뢰성 높은 동적 OD를 요구하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 스마트하이웨이의 핵심 기술인 WAVE 통신 기술로 대표되는 C&R 통신에서 수집되는 노드 정보와 차량정보를 이용할 경우 노드정보와 차량정보를 활용하여 궤적자료 및 표본경로교통량을 산출할 수 있으며, 이를 이용하여 동적 OD를 구축하였다. 이에 대한 검증을 위해 연속류의 토이네트워크에서 1시간 OD를 임의 분포하여 수집된 정보를 통해서 5분 단위의 동적 OD를 산출한 결과 15분단위의 교통량, 통행시간 측면에서 교통량 오차율이 20% 이내에 들어오는 경우가 전체의 84.79%, 통행시간 오차율이 20% 이내로 들어오는 경우가 전체의 85.42%로 신뢰성 있는 동적 OD를 구축할 수 있다고 판단된다.

홈오토메이션을 위한 영상/로봇제어 시스템의 설계와 구현 (Design and Implementation of Visual/Control Communication Protocol for Home Automated Robot Interaction and Control)

  • 조명지;김성환
    • 인터넷정보학회논문지
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    • 제10권6호
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2009
  • 기존의 음성통신 위주의 공중전화망 (PSTN) 시스템은 TCP/IP 프로토콜을 사용하는 데이터통신 위주의 IP 망으로 진화하고 있으며, IP 망을 이용하여, 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 VoIP (voice over IP) 서비스를 제공한다. 본 논문은 원격지의 사용자에게 해당 가정의 로봇이 제공하는 VoIP 서비스를 사용하여, 홈오토메이션 기능을 제공하기 위한 시스템을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 구현한 시스템은, VoIP서비스를 위한 대표적인 시그널링 표준인 HTTP (hyper-text transfer protocol) 기반의 SIP (session initiation protocol) 를 이용하여, 시그널링 프로토콜을 구성하였으며, 원격사용자와 로봇 내 장착된 카메라를 통해 가정의 환경을 모니터링하기 위한 RTP (real-time transport protocol)과 홈오토메이션 신호전달을 위한 DTMF (dual tone multi-frequency) 신호 전송프로토콜을 제공한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 시스템을 실제 구현하여 로봇의 통신모듈로 구성하였으며, KT 망을 통한 영상통화 및 제어신호 전달품질측정결과, 대부분의 트래픽환경에도 원활한 로봇제어 및 평균 MOS 9.15 이상의 우수한 영상품질을 보임을 확인하였다.

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평균-분산 가속화 실패시간 모형에서 벌점화 변수선택 (Penalized variable selection in mean-variance accelerated failure time models)

  • 권지훈;하일도
    • 응용통계연구
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.411-425
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    • 2021
  • 가속화 실패시간모형은 로그 생존시간과 공변량간의 선형적 관계를 묘사해 준다. 가속화 실패시간모형에서 생존시간의 평균뿐만 아니라 변동성에도 영향을 미치는 공변량 효과를 추론하는 것은 흥미가 있다. 이를 위해 생존시간의 평균뿐만 아니라 분산을 모형화 하는 것이 필요하며, 이러한 모형을 평균-분산 가속화 실패시간모형이라 부른다. 본 논문에서는 벌점 가능도함수를 이용하여 평균-분산 가속화 실패시간모형에서 회귀모수에 대한 변수선택 절차를 제안한다. 여기서 벌점함수로서 LASSO, ALASSO, SCAD 그리고 HL (계층가능도)와 같은 네 가지 벌점함수를 연구한다. 제안된 변수선택 절차를 통해 중요한 공변량의 선택 뿐만 아니라 회귀모수의 추정을 동시에 제공할 수 있다. 제안된 방법의 성능은 모의실험을 통해 평가하고, 하나의 임상 예제자료를 통해 제안된 방법을 예증하고자 한다.

Use of Recycled Brick Masonry Aggregate (RBMA) and Recycled Brick Masonry Aggregate Concrete (RBMAC) in Sustainable Construction

  • Tara L. Cavalline;David C. Weggel;Dallas E. Schwerin
    • 국제학술발표논문집
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    • The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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    • pp.390-390
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    • 2013
  • Use of recycled aggregates in portland cement concrete construction can offer benefits associated with both economy and sustainability. Testing performed to date indicates that RBMA can be used as a 100% replacement for conventional coarse aggregate in concrete that exhibits acceptable mechanical properties for use in structural and pavement elements, including satisfactory performance in some durability tests. RBMAC is currently not used in any type of construction in the United States. However, use of RBMAC could become a viable construction strategy as sustainable building practices become the norm. Rating systems such as LEED offer points for reuse of building materials (particularly on-site) and use of recycled materials. If renovations at an existing facility call for the demolition of existing brick masonry constructions, the rubble could be included as RBMA in new concrete pavement, sidewalks, or curb and gutter. Other potential uses for RBMAC could include those in the precast concrete industry, particularly in architectural precast concrete applications. In addition to providing acceptable strength and economy, the color of RBMA could be an attractive component of architectural precast concrete panels or other façade components. This paper explores the feasibility of use of RBMAC in several types of sustainable construction initiatives, based upon the findings of previous work with RBMAC produced from construction and demolition waste from a case study site. Guidance for obtaining and using RBMA is presented, along with a summary of material properties of RBMAC that will be useful to construction professionals.

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A 20-Year Update on the Practice of Thoracic Surgery in Canada: A Survey of the Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons

  • Sami Aftab Abdul;Frances Wright;Christian Finley;Sebastien Gilbert;Andrew J. E. Seely;Sudhir Sundaresan;Patrick J. Villeneuve;Donna Elizabeth Maziak
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제56권6호
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    • pp.420-430
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    • 2023
  • Background: This study provides an update to a landmark 2004 report describing demographics, training, and trends in adherence to thoracic surgery practice standards in Canada. Methods: An updated questionnaire was administered to all members of the Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons via email (n=142, compared to n=68 in 2004). Our report incorporates internal data from Ontario Health and the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Results: Forty-eight surgeons completed the survey (male, 70.8%; mean±standard deviation age, 50.3±9.3 years). This represents a 33.8% response rate, compared to 64.7% in 2004. Most surgeons (69%) served a patient population of over 1 million per center; 32%-34% reported an on-call ratio of 1:4-1:5 days, and the average weekly hours worked was 56.4±11.9. Greater access to dedicated geographic units per center (73% in 2021 vs. 53% in 2004) has improved thoracic-associated services and house staff, notably endoscopy units (100% vs. 91%), with 73% of respondents having access to both endobronchial and endoscopic ultrasound. Access to thoracic radiology has also improved, particularly regarding positron emission tomography scanners per center (76.9% vs. 13%). Annual case volumes for lung (255 vs. 128), esophageal (41 vs. 19), and mediastinal resections (30 vs. 13), along with hiatal hernia repair (45 vs. 20), have increased substantially despite reports of operating room availability and radiology as rate-limiting steps. Conclusion: This survey characterizes compliance with current practice standards, addressing the needs of thoracic surgeons across Canada. Over 85% of respondents were aware of the 2004 compliance paper, and 35% had applied for resources and equipment in response.

Checkmeat: A Review on the Applicability of Conventional Meat Authentication Techniques to Cultured Meat

  • Ermie Jr. Mariano;Da Young Lee;Seung Hyeon Yun;Juhyun Lee;Seung Yun Lee;Sun Jin Hur
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제43권6호
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    • pp.1055-1066
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    • 2023
  • The cultured meat industry is continuously evolving due to the collective efforts of cultured meat companies and academics worldwide. Though still technologically limited, recent reports of regulatory approvals for cultured meat companies have initiated the standards-based approach towards cultured meat production. Incidents of deception in the meat industry call for fool-proof authentication methods to ensure consumer safety, product quality, and traceability. The cultured meat industry is not exempt from the threats of food fraud. Meat authentication techniques based on DNA, protein, and metabolite fingerprints of animal meat species needs to be evaluated for their applicability to cultured meat. Technique-based categorization of cultured meat products could ease the identification of appropriate authentication methods. The combination of methods with high sensitivity and specificity is key to increasing the accuracy and precision of meat authentication. The identification of markers (both physical and biochemical) to differentiate conventional meat from cultured meat needs to be established to ensure overall product traceability. The current review briefly discusses some areas in the cultured meat industry that are vulnerable to food fraud. Specifically, it targets the current meat and meat product authentication tests to emphasize the need for ensuring the traceability of cultured meat.

The notch of the mandible: what do different fields call it?

  • Norio Kitagawa;Keiko Fukino;Yuki Matsushita;Soichiro Ibaragi;R. Shane Tubbs;Joe Iwanaga
    • Anatomy and Cell Biology
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    • 제56권3호
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    • pp.308-312
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    • 2023
  • The bony notch on the inferior border of the mandible, anterior to the attachment of the masseter muscle, where the facial vessels commonly pass, has been called different names in the literature, e.g., premasseteric notch, antegonial notch, and notch for the facial vessels. Interestingly, various disciplines have leaned toward different names for this notch. Therefore, to aid in consistent communication among professionals, the present study aimed to analyze usage of these varied terms and make recommendations for the best terminology. Based on the adjacent anatomical structures used to name this notch, three groups were analyzed in this study, a group using masseter in the term, a group using gonion in the term, and a group using facial vessels in the term. A literature search found that the group using gonion in the term was found most in the literature. The orthodontics field used gonion in the term the most (29.0%: 31/107) followed by the oral and maxillofacial surgery field (14.0%: 15/107), the plastic surgery field (4.7%: 5/107), and the anatomy field (3.7%: 4/107). The dental field used gonion in this term the most (43.9%: 47/107) and the medical field used facial vessels in the term the most (33.3%: 6/18). Based on these results, the use of gonial terms for this notch seems to be preferred.

Why A Multimedia Approach to English Education\ulcorner

  • Keem, Sung-uk
    • 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한음성학회 1997년도 7월 학술대회지
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    • pp.176-178
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    • 1997
  • To make a long story short I made up my mind to experiment with a multimedia approach to my classroom presentations two years ago because my ways of giving instructions bored the pants off me as well as my students. My favorite ways used to be sometimes referred to as classical or traditional ones, heavily dependent on the three elements: teacher's mouth, books, and chalk. Some call it the 'MBC method'. To top it off, I tried audio-visuals such as tape recorders, cassette players, VTR, pictures, and you name it, that could help improve my teaching method. And yet I have been unhappy about the results by a trial and error approach. I was determined to look for a better way that would ensure my satisfaction in the first place. What really turned me on was a multimedia CD ROM title, ELLIS (English Language Learning Instructional Systems) developed by Dr. Frank Otto. This is an integrated system of learning English based on advanced computer technology. Inspired by the utility and potential of such a multimedia system for regular classroom or lab instructions, I designed a simple but practical multimedia language learning laboratory in 1994 for the first time in Korea(perhaps for the first time in the world). It was high time that the conventional type of language laboratory(audio-passive) at Hahnnam be replaced because of wear and tear. Prior to this development, in 1991, I put a first CALL(Computer Assisted Language Learning) laboratory equipped with 35 personal computers(286), where students were encouraged to practise English typing, word processing and study English grammar, English vocabulary, and English composition. The first multimedia language learning laboratory was composed of 1) a multimedia personal computer(486DX2 then, now 586), 2) VGA multipliers that enable simultaneous viewing of the screen at control of the instructor, 3) an amplifIer, 4) loud speakers, 5)student monitors, 6) student tables to seat three students(a monitor for two students is more realistic, though), 7) student chairs, 8) an instructor table, and 9) cables. It was augmented later with an Internet hookup. The beauty of this type of multimedia language learning laboratory is the economy of furnishing and maintaining it. There is no need of darkening the facilities, which is a must when an LCD/beam projector is preferred in the laboratory. It is headset free, which proved to make students exasperated when worn more than- twenty minutes. In the previous semester I taught three different subjects: Freshman English Lab, English Phonetics, and Listening Comprehension Intermediate. I used CD ROM titles like ELLIS, Master Pronunciation, English Tripple Play Plus, English Arcade, Living Books, Q-Steps, English Discoveries, Compton's Encyclopedia. On the other hand, I managed to put all teaching materials into PowerPoint, where letters, photo, graphic, animation, audio, and video files are orderly stored in terms of slides. It takes time for me to prepare my teaching materials via PowerPoint, but it is a wonderful tool for the sake of presentations. And it is worth trying as long as I can entertain my students in such a way. Once everything is put into the computer, I feel relaxed and a bit excited watching my students enjoy my presentations. It appears to be great fun for students because they have never experienced this type of instruction. This is how I freed myself from having to manipulate a cassette tape player, VTR, and write on the board. The student monitors in front of them seem to help them concentrate on what they see, combined with what they hear. All I have to do is to simply click a mouse to give presentations and explanations, when necessary. I use a remote mouse, which prevents me from sitting at the instructor table. Instead, I can walk around in the room and enjoy freer interactions with students. Using this instrument, I can also have my students participate in the presentation. In particular, I invite my students to manipulate the computer using the remote mouse from the student's seat not from the instructor's seat. Every student appears to be fascinated with my multimedia approach to English teaching because of its unique nature as a new teaching tool as we face the 21st century. They all agree that the multimedia way is an interesting and fascinating way of learning to satisfy their needs. Above all, it helps lighten their drudgery in the classroom. They feel other subjects taught by other teachers should be treated in the same fashion. A multimedia approach to education is impossible without the advent of hi-tech computers, of which multi functions are integrated into a unified system, i.e., a personal computer. If you have computer-phobia, make quick friends with it; the sooner, the better. It can be a wonderful assistant to you. It is the Internet that I pay close attention to in conjunction with the multimedia approach to English education. Via e-mail system, I encourage my students to write to me in English. I encourage them to enjoy chatting with people all over the world. I also encourage them to visit the sites where they offer study courses in English conversation, vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, reading, and writing. I help them search any subject they want to via World Wide Web. Some day in the near future it will be the hub of learning for everybody. It will eventually free students from books, teachers, libraries, classrooms, and boredom. I will keep exploring better ways to give satisfying instructions to my students who deserve my entertainment.

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"연대는 (불)가능하다!": 연상호 애니메이션의 '바닥없는 표면' ('Solidarity is (Im)Possible!': Abyssal Surface in Yeon Sang-ho's Animated Works)

  • 곽영빈
    • 만화애니메이션 연구
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    • 통권37호
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    • pp.463-489
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    • 2014
  • 그에게 쏟아진 거의 만장일치에 가까운 찬사에도 불구하고, 연상호의 애니메이션 작품세계에 대한 본격적인 논의는 아직 제대로 된 형태를 갖추지 못하고 있다. 산발적인 몇몇 리뷰들을 제외하면 진지한 접근의 시도를 찾아보기 힘든 상황인 것이다. 이 깊은 골을 메우려는 시도로서 본 논문은 그의 작품들이 의미 있는 전체(oeuvre)로 간주되어야 한다고 주장한다. 그의 두 장편 애니메이션인 <돼지의 왕>과 <사이비>에 집중하되, 그들이 그의 단편 작품들과 맺는 미묘한 관계들에도 주목하면서, 나는 그의 작품이 현대 한국사회와의 관계 속에서 얼마나 '급진적'인지, 혹은- radical이라는 말의 어원 그대로 '뿌리'에 닿는다는 의미에서- '근원적'인 지를 보여줄 것이다. 두 작품 간의 연속성을 우회하거나 제대로 논의하지 않는 일반적인 독해들과 달리, 나는 그 둘이 주목할 만한 차이들에도 불구하고 공명하는 독특한 방식에 주목하려 한다. 단도직입적으로 말해 서사의 중심에서 그의 작품들은 '연대(solidarity)'의 문제, 보다 정확하게 말해 '비참한 이들(abjected people) 간의 연대의 결핍/과잉'이라는 문제를 중심으로 회전한다. 나아가, 어쩌면 더욱 중요하게도, 나는 어쩌면 그저 주제적 차원이라 할 수 있을 이러한 문제들이 그의 애니메이션 작품들 속에서, 내가 '바닥없는 표면/표면의 심연(abyssal surface)'이라 이름붙인 형식적 차원으로 표면화되고 있는 지를 드러낼 것이다. 서사는 훌륭하나 '애니메이션' 작품으로서의 정체성을 인정하기는 어렵다는 식의, 상찬을 가장한 비난- 혹은 오독-과 달리, 나는 연상호의 작품들이 '비참한 이들' 간에 드러나는 신뢰의 결핍/과잉을 애니메이션으로서, 즉 그 뒤에 서로에 대한 '바닥없는 불신/신뢰'가 숨어있는 불길하고 피상적인 표면을 육화한다고 주장할 것이다. 연상호의 애니메이션은 정확하게 이런 중의적인 의미에서, 즉 주제적인 차원에서의 사회의 뿌리와 표현 양식 차원에서의 애니메이션의 근본을 건드린다는 이중적인 의미에서 근본적(radical)이다.