• 제목/요약/키워드: e-Workplace

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Chemical Properties of Indoor Individual Particles Collected at the Daily Behavior Spaces of a Factory Worker

  • Ma, Chang-Jin;Kang, Gong-Unn;Sakai, Takuro
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.122-130
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    • 2017
  • The main purpose of the study was to clarify the properties of individual particles collected at each behavior space of a factory worker. The samplings of size-segregated ($PM_{2.1-1.1}$ and $PM_{4.7-3.3}$) indoor particles were conducted at three different behavior spaces of a factory worker who is engaged in an auto parts manufacturing plant (i.e., his home, his work place in factory, and his favorite restaurant). Elemental specification (i.e., relative elemental content and distribution in and/or on individual particles) was performed by a micro-PIXE system. Every element detected from the coarse particulate matters of home was classified into three groups, i.e., a group of high net-counts (Na, Al, and Si), a group of intermediate net-counts (Mg, S, Cl, K, and Ca), and a group of minor trace elements (P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb). The results of EF for $PM_{4.7-3.3}$ in home indicated that several heavy metals were generated from the sources within the house itself. An exceptional feature shown in the individual particles in workplace is that Cr, Mn, and Co were clearly detected in both fine and coarse particles. Cluster analysis suggested that the individual coarse particles ($PM_{4.7-3.3}$) collected at the indoor of factory were chemically heterogeneous and they modified with sea-salt, mineral, and artificially derived elements. The principal components in individual coarse particles collected at restaurant were sea-salt and mineral without mixing with harmful trace elements like chromium and manganese. Compared to the indoor fine particles of home and restaurant, many elements, especially, Cl, Na, Cr, Mn, Pb, and Zn showed overwhelmingly high net-counts in those of factory.

생식용 굴(Crassostrea gigas) 작업장의 위생안전성에 대한 모니터링 (Safety Monitoring of a Processing Plant for Preparing Raw Oysters Crassostrea gigas for Consumption)

  • 강경태;박선영;최종덕;김민주;허민수;김진수
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제50권2호
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    • pp.120-129
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    • 2017
  • This study assessed the safety of raw oysters Crassostrea gigas for consumption during processing in a processing plant. Bacterial contamination (e.g., viable cell counts, coliform groups, Escherichia. coli and pathogenic bacteria) and chemical contamination (e.g., heavy metals and shellfish toxins) were measured on raw oysters, a processing equipment, employees and work areas. No total mercury, lead, paralytic shellfish poison, diarrheic shellfish poison or norovirus was detected in any post-harvested oyster samples. However, the cadmium level ranged from 0.1-0.2 mg/kg. The viable cell count, E. coli and coliform group levels in post-harvested oysters ranged from 4.00-4.54 log CFU/g, ND-210 MPN/100 g and 110-410 MPN/100 g, respectively. The viable contaminating cell counts on employees, equipment and work areas were in the range of $0.90-3.46log\;CFU/100cm^2$. Airborne bacteria in the work areas ranged from 0.60 to 1.81 log CFU/plate/15 min. Thus, no significant health risks were detected in the processing plant.

Assessment of Semi-Quantitative Health Risks of Exposure to Harmful Chemical Agents in the Context of Carcinogenesis in the Latex Glove Manufacturing Industry

  • Yari, Saeed;Asadi, Ayda Fallah;Varmazyar, Sakineh
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권sup3호
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    • pp.205-211
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    • 2016
  • Excessive exposure to chemicals in the workplace can cause poisoning and various diseases. Thus, for the protection of labor, it is necessary to examine the exposure of people to chemicals and risks from these materials. The purpose of this study is to evaluate semi-quantitative health risks of exposure to harmful chemical agents in the context of carcinogenesis in a latex glove manufacturing industry. In this cross-sectional study, semi-quantitative risk assessment methods provided by the Department of Occupational Health of Singapore were used and index of LD50, carcinogenesis (ACGIH and IARC) and corrosion capacity were applied to calculate the hazard rate and the biggest index was placed as the basis of risk. To calculate the exposure rate, two exposure index methods and the actual level of exposure were employed. After identifying risks, group H (high) and E (very high) classified as high-risk were considered. Of the total of 271 only 39 (15%) were at a high risk level and 3% were very high (E). These risks only was relevant to 7 materials with only sulfuric acid placed in group E and 6 other materials in group H, including nitric acid (48.3%), chromic acid (6.9%), hydrochloric acid (10.3%), ammonia (3.4%), potassium hydroxide (20.7%) and chlorine (10.3%). Overall, the average hazard rate level was estimated to be 4 and average exposure rate to be 3.5. Health risks identified in this study showed that the manufacturing industry for latex gloves has a high level of risk because of carcinogens, acids and strong alkalisand dangerous drugs. Also according to the average level of risk impact, it is better that the safety design strategy for latex gloves production industry be placed on the agenda.

팀 프로젝트 무임승차 방지 방안에 관한 연구 (A Method to Deal with Free Riding in Team Project)

  • 박종혁
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.141-147
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    • 2013
  • 비즈니스 교육 현장에서 학생들의 팀 활동은 매우 흔한 현상이 되었다. 그러나 팀 활동에 대한 학생들의 사회적 태만과 무임승차 현상은 교수자에게 있어서 해결하기 어려운 문제로 남는다. 이에 본 연구는 '넌 해고야' 방식을 우리 대학의 비즈니스 교육 현장에 해당 방식을 적용해보고, 실질적 효과가 있는지 활용가능성을 검증하였다. '넌 해고야' 방식은 2단계를 거쳐 팀 프로젝트 활동을 실시하는 수업에 간단하게 적용할 수 있다. 팀원들은 팀 활동에 참여하지 않는 무임승차자에 대한 구체적 내용을 이메일로 당사자와 교수자에게 동시에 보내 공식적으로 경고하고, 이후에도 팀 참여 활동이 수정되지 않으면 두 번째 이메일로 팀에서 해고시킬 수 있다. 총 257명의 학부 학생을 대상으로 '넌 해고야' 방식의 실질적 효과를 검증한 결과, 무임승차를 방지하고 팀 활동 참여와 학습 동기를 촉진하는 효과적인 기제로 활용될 수 있음이 밝혀졌다.

How to Define the Content of a Job-Specific Worker's Health Surveillance for Hospital Physicians?

  • Ruitenburg, Martijn M.;Frings-Dresen, Monique H.W.;Sluiter, Judith K.
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.18-31
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    • 2016
  • Background: A job-specific Worker's Health Surveillance (WHS) for hospital physicians is a preventive occupational health strategy aiming at early detection of their diminished work-related health in order to improve or maintain physician's health and quality of care. This study addresses what steps should be taken to determine the content of a job-specific WHS for hospital physicians and outlines that content. Methods: Based on four questions, decision trees were developed for physical and psychological job demands and for biological, chemical, and physical exposures to decide whether or not to include work-related health effects related to occupational exposures or aspects of health reflecting insufficient job requirements. Information was gathered locally through self-reporting and systematic observations at the workplace and from evidence in international publications. Results: Information from the decision trees on the prevalence and impact of the health- or work-functioning effect led to inclusion of occupational exposures (e.g., biological agents, emotionally demanding situations), job requirements (e.g., sufficient vision, judging ability), or health effects (e.g., depressive symptoms, neck complaints). Additionally, following the Dutch guideline for occupational physicians and based on specific job demands, screening for cardiovascular diseases, work ability, drug use, and alcohol consumption was included. Targeted interventions were selected when a health or work functioning problem existed and were chosen based on evidence for effectiveness. Conclusion: The process of developing a job-specific WHS for hospital physicians was described and the content presented, which might serve as an example for other jobs. Before implementation, it must first be tested for feasibility and acceptability.

인체측정학적 설계를 위한 대표인체모델 생성 기법의 평가: 격자 기법 (Evaluation of a Representative Human Model Generation Method for Anthropometric Design: Grid Approach)

  • 정기효;유희천
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.103-109
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    • 2007
  • Representative human models (RHMs), a group of digital human models which represent the people of the target population within a designated percentage (e.g., 95%), are used for ergonomic design and evaluation in virtual environments. The present study evaluated the grid approach, a RHM generation method, in terms of accommodation percentage. RHMs generated from the grid approach dramatically decreased the accommodation percentage of the target population as the number of anthropometric dimensions under consideration increased. For example, the accommodation percentages by RHMs generated by the grid approach were 95% for 3 key dimensions (selected among 10 anthropometric dimensions), 45% for 5 dimensions, and 10% for 10 dimensions. A standardized multiple regression analysis found that this decreasing accommodation percentage was caused by low correlations between key dimensions and other dimensions. The accommodation evaluation process used in the present study is applicable to evaluation of other RHM generation methods.

Safety Climate and Occupational Stress According to Occupational Accidents Experience and Employment Type in Shipbuilding Industry of Korea

  • Kim, Kyung Woo;Park, Sung Jin;Lim, Hae Sun;Cho, Hm Hak
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.290-295
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    • 2017
  • Background: Safety climate and occupational stress are related with occupational accident. The present study tried to identify the differences in safety climate and occupational stress according to occupational accidents experience and employment type (e.g., direct workers and subcontract workers). Methods: In this study, we conducted a survey using safety climate scale and Korean Occupational Stress Scale and classified the participants into four groups: direct workers working for accident-free departments, direct workers working for accident departments, subcontract workers working for accident-free departments, and subcontract workers working for accident departments for 2 years within the same workplace in the shipbuilding industry. Results: The direct workers and subcontract workers showed diverse results in subscales of safety climate and occupational stress. This result is supported by existing studies; however, further study is necessary for more supporting evidence and elaborative methodological approach. Conclusion: The necessity of management for safety climate and psychosocial factor such as occupational stress for both direct workers and subcontract workers as a whole is suggested by this study.

단시간 허용농도의 toluene이 benzene대사에 미치는 영향 (Effect of STEL-toluene on Metabolism of Benzene in Rats)

  • 노재훈;신동천;박정균;문영한;정호근
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.152-162
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    • 1988
  • Benzene and toluene, which are widely used aromatic hydrocarbons in workplace, are recently proved to cause health hazards due to their toxic effects. This study investigated the influence of toluene on the urinary excretion of benzene metabolite by administering short term exposure limit(STEL) of these compounds(i.e., 13.8mg/kg of benzene and 108.8 mg/kg of toluene) intraperitoneally into Sprague-Dawley rats. After administration, urinary phenol concentration of rat was measured by gas chromatography for every three hours. Data were analyzed by non-parametric statistical methods using Kruskal-Wallis multi-sample test and Mann-Whitney U test. The following results were obtained : 1. Administration of STEL-benzene increased urinary phenol concentration in lats. 2. Urinary phenol concentration was increased logarithmically according to the dosage of benzene. 3. Excretion of phenol in urine was decreased when benzene and toluene were administered simultaneously compared with administering benzene alone. In summary, these results reveal that administration of STEL of toluene has antagonistic effect of urinary excretion of benzene metabolite in rats.

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Oxidative DNA Damage from Nanoparticle Exposure and Its Application to Workers' Health: A Literature Review

  • Rim, Kyung-Taek;Song, Se-Wook;Kim, Hyeon-Yeong
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제4권4호
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    • pp.177-186
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    • 2013
  • The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in industry is increasing, bringing with it a number of adverse health effects on workers. Like other chemical carcinogens, NPs can cause cancer via oxidative DNA damage. Of all the molecules vulnerable to oxidative modification by NPs, DNA has received the greatest attention, and biomarkers of exposure and effect are nearing validation. This review concentrates on studies published between 2000 and 2012 that attempted to detect oxidative DNA damage in humans, laboratory animals, and cell lines. It is important to review these studies to improve the current understanding of the oxidative DNA damage caused by NP exposure in the workplace. In addition to examining studies on oxidative damage, this review briefly describes NPs, giving some examples of their adverse effects, and reviews occupational exposure assessments and approaches to minimizing exposure (e.g., personal protective equipment and engineering controls such as fume hoods). Current recommendations to minimize exposure are largely based on common sense, analogy to ultrafine material toxicity, and general health and safety recommendations.

임상 신규간호사의 상급 초보자에서 적임자로 되어가는 경험 (A Study on Experience of Transition from New Clinical Nurse to Competent Step)

  • 박광옥;김종경
    • 한국간호교육학회지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.594-605
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: This study aimed to describe nurses' experience in transition from new graduate nurses to professional clinical nursees in a hospital. Methods: Ten new clinical nurses working in a hospital participated in this study. Data collected through in-depth interviews were analyzed using phenomenology. Results: The analysis yielded five core category themes from new nurses for becoming a professional nurse: (a) beginning of hardship journey (b) feeling of inability in workplace (c) struggling hard to develop skills (d) enduring hardships by soothing oneself and peer support (e) beginning of an exciting journey. Conclusion: Over time, new nurses face many difficulties in transition to a professional status. To enhance the role development of new clinical nurses in hospital settings, nursing schools and clinical fields must teach and prepare them. Nursing schools should teach a strong theoretical base as well as nursing skills. In addition, in the clinical nursing department, education, teaching the integrated systems, staff development, support, evaluation, and feedback are needed for new nurses's development.