• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.240-243
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• 2004

Recently, in the global and digital business environment, we are in need of a single window through which we can exchange market information, make a contract, exchange foreign currency, clear customs and settle accounts. The "e-Trade platform" provides all the stakeholders in international trading circles with these series of trading processes by use of any available information technologies in an effective and seamless manner. The platform collectively includes e-trade infrastructures(e-trade documents repository, e-trade messaging system, e-trade standard documents repository) enabling small and medium sized companies as well as large enterprises to interface with government organizations and global trading institutions. The IT levels of the trading companies are significantly important in terms of benefiting the quality services from the e-trade platform.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-33
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• 2010

Paperless trade is a new trade paradigm that has innovated on traditional trade procedures, which relied on manual work in the past, and applied an IT-based e-document standard. To realize paperless trade in Korea, a lot of efforts have been made. Korea has overcome many difficulties, a lack of awareness, trials and errors, etc. at the initial introduction stage and strived to establish a stable infrastructure through the government's policy support and active cooperation with the trade business communities and related organizations. Now, Korea became a well-known leader in IT industry, especially in the paperless trade infrastructure and strategic policies. The one-stop trading system named 'uTradeHub' is operated by a paperless trade service provider, Korea Trade Network(KTNET). uTradeHub includes trade finance and settlement, customs clearance and export and import logistics, improving trading procedures and reducing related expenses. Private-Public joint efforts from Korean government and private sectors which have respectively fulfilled their role and function with market-oriented practical policies and strategies has lead Korea a world leading country in paperless trade. Moreover, Korea expended its efforts to the global areas. Korea has started to activate multi-national paperless trade alliances such as PAA(Pan-Asia e-Commerce Alliance), ASEAL(Asia Europe Alliance for Paperless Trading) as well as established the bilateral cooperative networks with China and Taiwan. The one-stop trading system, uTradeHub should keep close cooperations between nations since trade itself is implemented in a cross-border ways. In the near future, it is expected uTradeHub can achieve best results in the simplification of procedures and cost savings when an international linkage is completely established with international cooperations.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.115-137
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• 2018

The ICC is amending international trade rules such as Incoterms to respond to periodically changing international trade environments. Moreover, a drafting group has been formed for developing the eighth amendment and the Incoterms. Due to the recent development of information and communication technology, interest in smart work is increasing globally. Smart work is a concept that enables works to be performed without time and space constraints, and the mobile office is a typical form of smart work. Smart work has brought significant changes to the way that workers perform their jobs, and it has considerable impacts on international trade transactions. This study examines the impact of the development of information and communication technology on electronic trade customs and analyzes the revision process of Incoterms for electronic document informatization. Also, we provide implications for the 8th amendment of Incoterms.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.25
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• pp.75-98
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• 2005

With the advent of new customs and practice of electronic records, the eUCP provides some useful guidance to accommodate the presentation of the paper documents electronically and also provides necessary rules to allow the UCP and eUCP to work together. There is no denying the fact that many of the UCP articles are not impacted by the presentation of electronic equivalent of paper documents, so the integrated application of the UCP and eUCP will be broad enough to allow for developing practice in this area. This study discusses some theoretical implication for efficient utilization of the global usages of letter of credit through the finding of optimal solution in the state of uncertainty caused by the electronic presentation of documents. This study suggest that the decision rules be developed to show how individuals choose optimal portfolio between the eUCP and the UCP that maximize their expected utility in letter of credit transaction, and also suggest that the optimal portfolio be determined at the point of tangency between the efficient trading line and the highest indifference curve in the mean-variance plane. This study finally recommends three rebuttable doctrines with regard to the relationship between the eUCP and UCP such as linkage characteristics, generation lap propensity, and homothetic application rule, which may be the critical standards for understanding of the integrated usages of the eUCP and UCP.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.99-112
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• 2004

Internet is changing all of the commercial practices and customs on international business transaction. So called e-Trade in global marketing is expected to dominate the global trade in 21st century and thus is being introduced as a major mission assignment for exporting countries. e-Trade has the potential to accelerated existing threads and introduce new ways of carrying out global trade. It is especially important in Korea, which has a high dependency rate on trade. Trade efficiency through the channel of e-Trade is an alternative to strengthen international competition of korean small and medium sized global trading firm.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.43
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• pp.397-422
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• 2009

Electronic trade reduces additional costs generated from the issuing and management of paper documents, and overcomes the physical limitations of commercial transactions as well as the geographical and time limitations resulting from trading with foreign countries. These characteristics of electronic trade guarantees better and more effective global marketing for companies. In addition, by expanding relative superiority of large corporations to medium-small sized companies, many medium-small companies have shown great interest in electronic trade to promote its exporting businesses, and implementing changes to facilitate electronic trade into their business system. Therefore, it is expected that the electronic trade will be more widely distributed and utilized by businesses of all sizes in the future. The adaptation and implementation of the electronic trade system can only have prosperous effects when there is a high efficiency in the utilization and service process of the concerned company. Under this premise, this research first examined electronic trade, characteristics of the company and information utilization as the key elements to determine the effectiveness of the utility aspect. Then it examines confirmation of product demand, registration of revenues, and authorization as the key elements to determine the level of service process.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.50
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• pp.103-130
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• 2018

This research aims to explore the associated linguistic features and functions of Chinese as used for business trading purposes, and which is based on a discourse analysis through a case in which a Korean buyer and a Chinese supplier have exchanged Internet based e-mails. The research questions include first, the linguistic functions and characteristics of Chinese shown as identified in this trade case through e-mails, second, the use of Chinese trade specific terms, and third, the apparent and dynamic negotiation strategies that are identified as followed by the cultural value systems which are used for resolving interest conflicts and issues between the buyer and supplier in the course of negotiating business contracts between two parties. The participants of this research pertain to a Korean buyer, James and a Chinese supplier, Sonya. The associated data consists of 74 e-mails exchanged between the two parties, initiated in an effort to begin and complete a trade item, in this case namely the product of napkin holders. The research for the study is based on the discourse analysis and empirically analyses models of Chinese linguistic functions and features. The findings are the following. First, as identified, the specific Chinese functions used and sequenced in this trade case are of a procedure, request, informing, negotiation and persuasion. Second, the essential trade terms used in this business interaction involve the relevant issues of 1) ordering and price negotiating, 2) marking the origin of the products, 3) the arrangement of the product examination and customs declaration for the anticipated import items, 4) preparation of the necessary legal documents, and 5) the package and transport of the product in the final instance. Third, the impact of the similarities and differences in the cultural value systems between Korea and China on the negotiations and conflict resolution during a negotiated contract between two parties are speculated in terms of the use of culturally based techniques such as face-saving and the utilization of uncertainty-avoiding strategies as meant to prevent misunderstandings from developing between the parties. The concluding part of the study discusses the implications for a practical Chinese language education utilizing the linguistic functions and features of the Chinese culture and language strategies as useful in business associations for trading purposes, and the importance of intercultural communication styles based on similar of different identified cultural values as noted between two parties.