• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.303-318
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• 2014

The rising global demand for energy resources may lead to greater interest in the Arctic region. Since it has various resources, such as oil and gas, and large potential as a strategic location in exploration and production (E&P), there is likely to occur island sovereignty issues between the five arctic costal states and other countries. While global warming has led to the opening of the Northeast Passage and the Northwest Passage, several obstacles may impede the development of this area such as the low temperature environment, infrastructure problems in a limited area, flow assurance, environmental regulations, etc. To overcome these problems, various techniques have been applied in the exploration, development, production, transportation, and environment fields and it seems to be made technical development in extreme environment. In this study, the E&P status of representative states and development technologies in the Arctic region have been summarized with regard to carrying out E&P related to drilling, development, production, and operation in oil and gas fields. Furthermore, environmental factors have been taken into account to enhance progress with regard to E&P and ensure sustainable development in the Arctic. On that basis, it will be possible to secure oil and gas field development, production technology and R&D infrastructure in the Arctic.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.670-681
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to isolate enterococci in Sucuk, a traditional Turkish dry-fermented sausage and to analyze isolates for their biodiversity, antibiotic resistance patterns and the presence of some antibiotic resistance genes. A total of 60 enterococci strains were isolated from 20 sucuk samples manufactured without using a starter culture and they were identified as E. faecium (73.3%), E. faecalis (11.7%), E. hirae (8.3%), E. durans (3.3%), E. mundtii (1.7%) and E. thailandicus (1.7%). Most of the strains were found resistant to rifampin (51.67%) followed by ciprofloxacin (38.33%), nitrofurantoin (33.33%) and erythromycin (21.67%). All strains were found susceptible to ampicillin. Only E. faecium FYE4 and FYE60 strains displayed susceptibility to all antibiotics. Other strains showed different resistance patterns to antibiotics. E. faecalis was found more resistant to antibiotics than other species. Most of the strains (61.7%) displayed resistance from between two and eight antibiotics. The ermB, ermC, gyrA, tetM, tetL and vanA genes were detected in some strains. A lack of correlation between genotypic and phenotypic analysis for some strains was detected. The results of this study indicated that Sucuk manufactured without using a starter culture is a reservoir of multiple antibiotic resistant enterococci. Consequently, Sucuk is a potential reservoir for the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes from animals to humans.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.103-103
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• 2023

질량 및 에너지 보존 법칙은 수문현상을 포함한 자연 현상의 기본 법칙이다. 유역에서 물의 질량 보존은 강수량 P가 유출량 Q, 증발산량 E, 그리고 육역저수량변화 ΔS로 분할되는 것(P=Q+E+ΔS)을 의미하며 열 에너지 보존은 순복사에너지 R_n이 잠열 λE, 현열 H, 그리고 지열 G로 분할되는 것(R_n=λE+H+G)을 의미한다. 유역에서 물과 에너지의 분배 과정은 E로 연결되어 있으며 이 두 과정을 포괄적으로 이해하는 것은 기후 및 지표환경의 변화를 예측하고 대비하는데 중요하다. 이 연구에서는 미국 전역의 400여개 유역에 대한 정보를 제공하는 Model Parameter Estimation Project(MOPEX) 데이터를 이용하여 유역의 기후 조건에 따라 물과 에너지의 분배가 어떻게 달라지는지 Budyko 평면에서 분석했다. 장기간에 대해 ΔS와 G는 무시할 수 있다는 가정하에 건조한 유역일수록 P, Q, 그리고 E 모두 작게 나타나는데 P와 Q의 감소폭이 훨씬 크기 때문에 E의 P에 대한 비는 크게 나타났다. 또한 건조한 유역일수록 E는 작고 R_n이 크기 때문에 H가 크게 나타났으며 H가 큰 유역일 수록 유역의 최대 기온과 최저 기온의 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이러한 변화는 동일한 유역내에서 물과 에너지 분배의 시간적 변화로도 나타나고 있다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.683-694
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• 2011

To analyze the regional impact of air temperature increase and precipitation variation on water resources, the variability of precipitation-effectiveness (P-E) ratio which is estimated using precipitation and air temperature data of 59 weather stations operated by the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) during 1973~2009 was analyzed. Also runoff data resulting from the Precipitation-Runoff Modelling System (PRMS) modelling were analyzed during 1966~2007. The overall spatio-temporal variability of P-E ratio and runoff data in South Korea is corresponding to the variability of precipitation amount. However some region shows that the P-E ratio decreases even though the trend of precipitation amount increases which may be caused by the air temperature increase. Runoff trend is similar to that of P-E ratio. Precipitation and P-E ratio have decreased all seasons except summer season and it means the reduction of available water resources during those seasons. These variability should be reflected in the spring, fall, and winter water supply strategy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 1999

We have got several clones from Serratia marcescens which stimulated the cells to use maltose as a carbon source in E. coli TP2139 (${\Delta}$lac, ${\Delta}$crp). One of the cloned genes, pCKB13, was further analyzed. In order to find whether the increased expression of the gene under the direction of maltose metabolism, we constructed several recombinant subclones. We have confirmed that the clone, pCKB13 codes Coenzyme A transferase gene by partial nucleotide sequencing in the terminal region. The enzyme activity of Coenzyme A transferase increased after introduction of the multicopy of the cloned gene in E. coli. The recombinant proteins expressed by multicopy and induction with IPTG, two polypeptide of 26-and 28-kDa, were confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Southern hybridization analysis confirmed that the cloned DNA fragment was originated from S. marcescens chromosomal DNA.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2011

Effects of aluminum (Al) on plasma vitellogenin (VTG), alkaline-labile phosphorus (ALPP), calcium (Ca), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), the hepatosomatic index (HSI), and hepatic Al concentration were examined in estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$)-administered immature rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Fish were injected intraperitoneally with $E_2$ (5 mg/kg body weight [BW]) and/or Al (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg BW) and plasma and liver samples were extracted 7 days later. After sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the relative amount of VTG was determined by integrated optical density. VTG accounted for 23.6% of the total proteins in the control group, but this value decreased with increasing Al administration. Al reduced the concentrations of ALPP and Ca in a concentration-dependent manner and significant reduction occurred at Al concentrations greater than 5 mg/kg. The concentration of GPT increased in a concentration-dependent manner in all Al-administered rockfish. The concentrations of Al in the liver also increased, and HSI was decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that Al inhibits $E_2$-induced VTG production by being toxic to hepatocytes in marine fish.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.207-218
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• 2021

This study was conducted to provide basic data for the establishment school forests in order to utilize school forests as a place for environmental education through analyzing the planting status in elementary schools located in Changwon-city. School forests including meditation forest were the largest in Yongho elementary school (below e.s.) in meditation forest school and Dogye (e.s) in normal school. Jehwang (e.s.) and Sangnam (e.s.) showed the most abundant green area given for the management per member. The number of planting species and individuals in school forests differed greatly by elementary schools. There was also a difference in the number of planted species for establishment of meditation forest. There were no significant difference the concordance rate between the plants planted in the school forest and the plants mentioned in the textbook between meditation forest schools and normal schools. Index of ecological health averaged 3.2 for meditation forest schools and 2.4 for normal schools, which is the result of increase in green area and green rate due to the establishment of the meditation forest.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.259-264
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• 2023

Day-night vertical euphausiid distribution was investigated at three stations in the East Sea using a Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS). Three euphausiid species were recognized. Euphausia pacifica was more dominant than Thysanoessa longipes. Euphausiids were collected at Station 1 at night, Station 2 at sunset, and Station 3 during the daytime. At Station 1, calyptopis and furcilia stages were concentrated from the surface to 30 m and 20-40 m, respectively. Juveniles and E. pacifica were distributed in strata shallower than 30 m. At Station 2, calyptopis and furcilia stages were dominant in strata from the surface to 40 m. Juveniles were not recorded in strata at 30-100 m. However, E. pacifica occurred in these strata. At Station 3, calyptopis and furcilia stages occurred in the upper 40 m of strata. E. pacifica was distributed deeper than 100 m and rarely occurred above 100 m. The furcilia stages weakly migrated, whereas the calyptopis stages did not. Juveniles and E. pacifica showed a clear migration pattern. Vertical distribution of euphausiids in the northern East Sea varied by life stage and time of day.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seleium (Se) and vitamin E supplementation on meat quality and shelf-life in finishing pigs. A total of eighty ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) pigs (74.74 initial BW) were randomly allocated into five treatments with four replications and fed for six weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ISE2 (basal diet+0.2 ppm inorganic Se+100 ppm vitamin E), 3) ISE4 (basal diet+0.4 ppm inorganic Se+100 ppm vitamin E), 4) OSE2 (basal diet+0.2 ppm organic Se+100 ppm vitamin E) and 5) OSE4 (basal diet+0.4 ppm organic Se+100 ppm vitamin E). Cooking loss was decreased in treatment of ISE4 as compared with treatment of CON (p<0.05). Crude fat (%) of OSE2 was higher than those of others (p<0.05). Redness ($a^*$- value) of M. longissimus dorsi was increased in treatment of OSE2 as compared with other treatments after 100 of storage (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was decreased in treatment of OSE4 compared with treatments of CON and ISE2 after 10d of storage (p<0.05). In conclusion, Se and vitamin E combination did not significantly affect cooking loss,$a^*$- value and TBARS except for cases.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.378-382
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• 2011

The feeding ecology of bluefin searobin Chelidonichthys spinosus around Jeju Island was examined. Specimens were caught every autumn from 2004 to 2007. The primary prey items of C. spinosus included fish, shrimp, and crabs. Chelidonichthys spinosus preyed upon a wide range of sub-pelagic crustacean groups(e.g., Leptochela gracilis, Leptochela sydniensis). This species was also an opportunistic feeder, exploiting the available prey groups in each area(i.e., L. gracilis in the South Sea and East China Sea groups and L. gracilis and L. sydniensis in the Yellow Sea group). The main prey group of this species changed from demersal shrimp to pelagic shrimp with prey environmental changes. Observed ontogenetic shifts in diet were relatively clear despite substantial overlap between the 10 cm and 20 cm C. spinosus groups.