• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2012

The usages of botulinum toxin were most commonly for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia in the otolaryngology field. It has been not only widely used in otolaryngology-Head Neck surgery but also plastic surgery, ophthalmology, rehabilitation medicine, and orthopedics. Now botulinum toxin is used such as blepharospasm (excessive blinking), strabismus, cosmetic, muscle spasms, upper motor neuron syndrome, severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis), chronic migraine, bruxism, and achalasia. The indication of this drug still gradually expanding with the times. In this articles, the author will demontrate how to use the botulinum toxin for treating cricopharyngeal spasm, arytenoid dislocation, sialocele, Frey syndrome, contact granuloma, bilateral vocal fold paralysis, and mutaional falsetto instead of conventional surgical treatment.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.140-143
• /
• 1995

Tardive dyskinesia(TD), typically appearing as an undesirable side effect of a long term antipsychotic drug treatment has gained increased attention in recent times due to the discovery of many TD variants. This is a single case study of a patient who has undergone more than 8 years of high dosage antipsychotic treatment. After altering the type and dosage of antipsychotic medication 3 months prior to visit, the patient showed relatively abrupt onset symptoms of severe tremor and dystonia. These symptoms, appearing in clear consciousess, got better to a certain degree after 48 hours, worsened for 12 hours, and then improved again. Subsequently there was no continuing movement disorder. Several tests and consultation were carried out. However except for the medication factor, no other possible causes for such disabling symptoms were found. This clinical condition was thought to be akin to tardive tremor, a variant of TD. Furthermore, the course was atypical.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.42-44
• /
• 2013

Neurological complications associated with 2009 H1N1 infection in children have been reported and recognized worldwide. The most commonly reported neurological complications are seizures and encephalopathy. Secondary movement disorders are also associated with the infection, but such cases are rarely reported. Here, we describe the case of a 14-year-old boy with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia secondary to 2009 H1N1 infection, who presented with dystonia and choreic movement triggered by sudden voluntary movement.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.130-134
• /
• 2015

$Sj{\ddot{o}}gren's$ syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an autoimmune exocrinopathy involving mainly salivary and lacrimal glands. Apart from manifestations due to involvement of exocrine glands, patients with SS can present with muscular and neurological manifestations. Here, we report a rare case of a 59-year-old woman with primary SS, who presented with severe general toothache and masticatory muscle myalgia successfully treated with clonazepam. Although it was not certain that these symptoms could be originated from focal muscle dystonia or neurological changes that are associated with primary SS, our case suggested that comprehensive evaluation including neuromuscular examinations in the oral and maxillofacial area is needed in patients with SS.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 2004

'産後風(chan hou feng)' is a postpartum pain-syndrome which caused by inadequate postpartum health care. Recently '産後風(chan hou feng)' contain some symptoms in relate with dystonia like sleep disorder, tiredness, depression, anxiety etc. According to The International Association for the Study of Pain(IASP) "Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotinal experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage". This definition means the pain is related to emotional state as well as physical, Physical and emotional changes are common after childbirth, which can cause pain. The important point in treating its '産後風(chan hou feng)' is that the patient in the postpartum period.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제48권12호
• /
• pp.889-892
• /
• 2010

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), a potent neurotoxin that reversibly blocks presynaptic acetylcholine release, has been applied successfully to treat facial spastic conditions such as blepharospasm, strabismus and cervical dystonia. Since the first reported application in dentistry in 1994, BTX-A has been used with great success to used in the orofacial region to help treat masticatory and facial muscle spasm, severe bruxism, facial tics, and hypertrophy of the masticatory muscles. The clinician may be aware of the many courses becoming available and aimed at dentists to start using it in the cosmetic context. This article intends to provide a basic understanding of the many functional uses of the drug in the orofacial region that may be relevant to everyday practice, especially in orthodontic field.

• 턱관절균형의학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.24-26
• /
• 2016

경추부 근긴장 이상증에 대해 턱관절 자세균형 개념에 따라 구강내 균형장치를 활용한 자세훈련법 등의 치료로 긍정적인 호전을 관찰했다. 증례 보고이기는 하지만 턱관절 자세균형을 활용한 치료법에서 긍정적인 치료효과가 이어지고 있어서 앞으로 더욱 체계적인 관찰과 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한음성언어의학회 1996년도 제6회 학술대회 심포지움
• /
• pp.86-86
• /
• 1996

연축성 발성장애(spasmodic dysphonia)는 아직까지 그 원인을 정확히 밝혀내지 못하고 있는 만성적인 발성장애로 과거에는 경직성 발성장애(spastic dysphonia)로 불리던 질환이다. 연축성 발성장애는 두 종류 즉, 내전형(adductor)과 외전형(abductor)으로 나누어지며 이중 내전형이 대부분이다. 외전형 연축성 발성장애는 발성도중에 성대가 갑자기 불수의적으로 외전되면서 음성이 중단되므로 원활히 대화하기가 힘든 질환이다. 이러한 질환은 국소적 근긴장이상(fecal dystonia)의 일종이다. 현재까지 연축성 발성장애의 치료법으로 사용되고 있는 것으로는 언어치료, botulium 독소주입술, 편측반회후두신경절 단술, 반회후두신경분쇄술, 상후두신경절단술, 갑상연골성형술, implantable stimulator 등이 있다. 연축성 발성장애 환자에 $Botox^{circledR}$ 주입에 관한 보고는 주로 내전형에 대해서만 보고되고 있으며 외전형에 대하여 보고된 예는 매우 적다. (중략)

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 2010

Spasmodic dysphonia is a focal dystonia of the larynx and breathy voice is a typical sign of abductor spasmodic dysphonia. A group of patients with abductor spasmodic dysphonia have a number of acoustic characteristics including abnormal fundamental frequency fluctuations and abnormally long word duration. We report a abductor spasmodic dysphonia case have enlongated voice onset time voiceless consonants and breathy voice in wide band spectrogram. The patient have the acoustic characteristics only in telephone speaking at work time. We treated the patient with anticholinergic and anticonvulsant drug and supplementary voice therapy. The breathy voice and enlongated VOT were disappeared after those treatment.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.235-238
• /
• 2019

Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by dystonia, cognitive deficits, and an asymmetric akinetic-rigid syndrome. Little information is available regarding anesthetic management for CBD patients. Our patient was a 55-year-old man with CBD complicated by central sleep apnea (CSA). Due to the risk of perioperative breathing instability associated with anesthetic use, a laryngeal mask airway was used during anesthesia with propofol. Spontaneous respiration was stable under general anesthesia. However, respiratory depression occurred following surgery, necessitating insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway. Since no respiratory depression had occurred during maintenance of the airway using the laryngeal mask, we suspected an upper airway obstruction caused by displacement of the tongue due to residual propofol. Residual anesthetics may cause postoperative respiratory depression in patients with CBD. Therefore, continuous postoperative monitoring of $SpO_2$ and preparations to support postoperative ventilation are necessary.