• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.391-406
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• 2024

In order to study the soil seasonal dynamic characteristics in the regions with four distinct seasons, the soil dynamic triaxial experiments were conducted by considering the environmental temperature range from -30℃ to 30℃. The results demonstrate that the dynamic soil properties in four seasons can change greatly. Firstly, the dynamic triaxial experiments were performed to obtain the dynamic stress-strain curve, elastic modulus, and damping ratio of soil, under different confining pressures and temperatures. Then, the experiments also obtain the dynamic cohesion and internal friction angle of the clay under the initial strain, and the changing rule was summarized. Finally, the results show that the dynamic elastic modulus and dynamic cohesion will increase significantly when the clay is frozen; as the temperature continues to decrease, this increasing trend will gradually slow down, and the dynamic damping ratio will go down when the freezing temperature decreases. In this paper, the change mechanism is objectively analyzed, which verifies the reliability of the conclusions obtained from the experiment.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.709-728
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• 2017

This disquisition proposes a nonlocal strain gradient beam theory for thermo-mechanical dynamic characteristics of embedded smart shear deformable curved piezoelectric nanobeams made of porous electro-elastic functionally graded materials by using an analytical method. Electro-elastic properties of embedded curved porous FG nanobeam are assumed to be temperature-dependent and vary through the thickness direction of beam according to the power-law which is modified to approximate material properties for even distributions of porosities. It is perceived that during manufacturing of functionally graded materials (FGMs) porosities and micro-voids can be occurred inside the material. Since variation of pores along the thickness direction influences the mechanical and physical properties, so in this study thermo-mechanical vibration analysis of curve FG piezoelectric nanobeam by considering the effect of these imperfections is performed. Nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory is utilized to consider the size effects in which the stress for not only the nonlocal stress field but also the strain gradients stress field. The governing equations and related boundary condition of embedded smart curved porous FG nanobeam subjected to thermal and electric field are derived via the energy method based on Timoshenko beam theory. An analytical Navier solution procedure is utilized to achieve the natural frequencies of porous FG curved piezoelectric nanobeam resting on Winkler and Pasternak foundation. The results for simpler states are confirmed with known data in the literature. The effects of various parameters such as nonlocality parameter, electric voltage, coefficient of porosity, elastic foundation parameters, thermal effect, gradient index, strain gradient, elastic opening angle and slenderness ratio on the natural frequency of embedded curved FG porous piezoelectric nanobeam are successfully discussed. It is concluded that these parameters play important roles on the dynamic behavior of porous FG curved nanobeam. Presented numerical results can serve as benchmarks for future analyses of curve FG nanobeam with porosity phases.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2006

Enhancement methods of sensitivity to in-plane strain measurement by micro-ESPI(Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry) technique were proposed using TiN and Au thin films. Micro-tensile strain over the micro-tensile specimens, prepared in micro-scale by those films, was measured by micro-tensile loading system and micro-ESPI system developed in this study. The subsequent measurement of in-plane tensile strain in the micro-sized specimens was introduced using the micro-ESPI technique, and the micro-tensile stress-strain curves for these films were determined. To enhance the sensitivity to measurement of in-plane tensile strain, algorithms of the phase estimation by using curve fitting of inter-fringe and the discrete Fourier Transform with object-induced dynamic phase shifting were developed. Using these two algorithms, the micro-tensile strain-stress curves were generated. It is shown that the algorithms for enhancement of the sensitivity suggested in this study make the sensitivity to measurement of the in-plane tensile strain increase.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.293-296
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• 2001

The dynamic softening mechanisms of AISI 316, AISI 304 and AISI 430 stainless steels were studied with torsion test in the temperature range of $900 - 1200^{\circ}C$ and the strain rate range of $5.0x10^{-2}-5.0x10^0/sec$. The austenitic stainless steels, such as AISI 316 and AISI 304 were softened by dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during hot deformation. Also, the evolutions of flow stress and microstructure of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel show the characteristics of continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). To establish the quantitative equations for DRX of AISI 316 stainless steel, the evolution of flow stress curve with strain was analyzed. The critical strain (${\varepsilon}_c$) and strain for maximum softening rate (${\varepsilon}^{*}$) could be confirmed by the analysis of work hardening rate ($d{\sigma}/d{\varepsilon}={\theta}$). The volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization ($X_{DRX}$) as a function of processing variables, such as strain rate ( $\varepsilon$ ), temperature (T), and strain ( $\varepsilon$ ) were established using the ${\epsilon}_c$ and ${\varepsilon}^{*}$. For the exact prediction the ${\varepsilon}_c,\;{\varepsilon}^{*}$ and Avrami' exponent (m') were quantitatively expressed by dimensionless parameter, Z/A, respectively. It was found that the calculated results were agreed with the experimental data for the steels at my deformation conditions. Also, we can reasonably conclude that the DRX, CDRX and grain refinement of stainless steels can be achieved by large strain deformation at high Z parameter condition.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.813-820
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 고체추진제의 동적 응력-변형률 특성을 고찰하기 위하여 저속충격시험을 수행하였다. 저속충격시험 시 충격체(Impactor)의 하중, 변위를 측정하여 고체추진제의 동적 거동을 확인하였다. 3점 굽힘 형태의 저속충격시험을 수행하였고, 이때 발생하는 국소변위와 길이가 짧고 두께가 두꺼운 고체추진제 시편의 전단 변위를 보상하여 순수 굽힘변위를 계산하였다. 보상된 변위와 측정된 하중을 사용하여 응력과 변형률을 계산하였고 응력-변형률 곡선으로부터 고체추진제의 동적 물성을 획득하여 이를 정적 굽힘 물성과 비교하였다. 운용 환경에 따른 온도별 고체추진제의 동적 물성을 획득하기 위해 상온, 고온, 저온에서 실험을 수행하고 결과를 비교분석하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.454-464
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• 1987

본 연구에서는 충격하중하에서 고변형도 .epsilon.=ln(h/h$_{o}$ )＞1.0, 고변형도율 (.epsilon.＞$10^{3}$m/s/m)로 변형하는 재료에 대하여 응력, 변형도, 변형도율사이의 함수관 계를 유도하고, 다음과 같은 현상들을 규명하였다. (1) 고변형도율에서 응력, 변형 도, 변형도율사이의 함수관계식 유도. (2) 압축하중시 시편과 접촉부재사이의 접촉면 에서 발생하는 마찰영향의 조사. (3) 유동응력과 시편의 기하학적 형상사이의 관계식 유도. (4) 압축하중시 재료의 제동현상(lock-up phenomena)의 해석.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.740-753
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• 2008

The conventional Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (C-SHPB) technique with aluminum pressure bars to achieve a closer impedance match between the pressure bars and the specimen materials such as hot temperature degraded POM (Poly Oxy Methylene) and PP (Poly Propylene) to obtain more distinguishable experimental signals is used to obtain a dynamic behavior of material deformation under a high strain rate loading condition. An experimental modification with Pulse shaper is introduced to reduce the nonequilibrium on the dynamic material response during a short test period to increase the rise time of the incident pulse for two polymeric materials. For the dynamic stress strain curve obtained from SHPB experiment under high strain rate, the Johnson-Cook model is applied as a constitutive equation, and we verify the applicability of this constitutive equation to the probabilistic reliability estimation method. The methodology to estimate the reliability using the probabilistic method such as the FORM and the SORM has been proposed, after compose the limit state function using Johnson-Cook model. It is found that the failure probability estimated by using the SORM is more reliable than those of the FORM, and the failure probability increases with the increase of applied stress. Moreover, it is noted that the parameters of Johnson-Cook model such as A and n, and applied stress affect the failure probability more than the other random variables according to the sensitivity analysis.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.333-342
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• 2019

Geological dynamic hazards during coal mining can be caused by the failure of a composite system consisting of roof rock and coal layers, subject to different loading rates due to different advancing velocities in the working face. In this paper, the uniaxial compression test simulations on the composite rock-coal layers were performed using $PFC^{2D}$ software and especially the effects of loading rate on the stress-strain behavior, strength characteristics and crack nucleation, propagation and coalescence in a composite layer were analyzed. In addition, considering the composite layer, the mechanisms for the advanced bore decompression in coal to prevent the geological dynamic hazards at a rapid advancing velocity of working face were explored. The uniaxial compressive strength and peak strain are found to increase with the increase of loading rate. After post-peak point, the stress-strain curve shows a steep stepped drop at a low loading rate, while the stress-strain curve exhibits a slowly progressive decrease at a high loading rate. The cracking mainly occurs within coal, and no apparent cracking is observed for rock. While at a high loading rate, the rock near the bedding plane is damaged by rapid crack propagation in coal. The cracking pattern is not a single shear zone, but exhibits as two simultaneously propagating shear zones in a "X" shape. Following this, the coal breaks into many pieces and the fragment size and number increase with loading rate. Whereas a low loading rate promotes the development of tensile crack, the failure pattern shows a V-shaped hybrid shear and tensile failure. The shear failure becomes dominant with an increasing loading rate. Meanwhile, with the increase of loading rate, the width of the main shear failure zone increases. Moreover, the advanced bore decompression changes the physical property and energy accumulation conditions of the composite layer, which increases the strain energy dissipation, and the occurrence possibility of geological dynamic hazards is reduced at a rapid advancing velocity of working face.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.85-96
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• 1994

공진주 실험기는 전단탄성계수, 영계수 및 감쇠비로 표현되는 지반의 동적물성치를 연구하기 위한 중요한 실내 실험법으로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 Stokoe식 공진주 실험기를 이용하여 전단 변형률 10-4%-10-1% 범위에서 대표적인 국내 노상토의 동적 물성치를 연구하였다. 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비는 한계변형률 Ix10-3%부근에서 부터 변형률의 영향을 받기 시작 하였다. 한계 변형률 이하에서 최대 전단탄성계수(Gmin)는 구속압 (Qc)에 따라 (Qc)0.61에 비례하여 증가하였고 최소감쇠 비(Dmin)는 1%-5.7% 범위에 분포하였다. 한계 변형률 이상에서 정규화 탄성계수 감소곡선은 Ramberg-Osgood식으로 잘 나타낼 수 있으며 Seed와 Idriss가 사질토 를 이용하여 얻은 감소곡선과 거의 일치하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.343-352
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• 1992

고온 압축 시험을 이용하여 열간 단조용 비조질강의 고온 변형 거동을 온도, 변형률속도, 합금원소에 따라 조사하였다. 고온 압축 시험에서 얻은 유동 응력 곡선의 형태와 조직관찰로부터 고온 변형 기구는 동적 재결정임을 알 수 있었다. 최대응력에 이르는 변형률은 온도가 증가할수록 작아지고 변형률속도가 빠를수록 크게 나타났다. Nb-V-Mo강은 Nb-V강에 비하여 최대응력은 증가하였으나 동적 재결정은 빨라졌다. 1.2Mn-0.09Nb강은 1.0Mn-0.05Nb강에 비하여 최대응력은 증가하였으나 동적재결정은 지연되었다. C-Nb-V강은 C강에 비하여 최대응력이 증가하였으며 동적 재결정은 지연되었다. 열간변형에 대한 구성방정식은 멱수법칙의 형태를 가졌다. Zener-Hollomon 파라미터가 증가할수록 동적 재결정립은 미세해졌고, 동적 재결정립과 Zener-Hollomon 파라미터와의 관계는 멱수법칙으로 정량화할 수 있었다.