• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.451-461
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• 2022

The roadways surrounded by rock and coal will lose their stability or even collapse under rock burst. Rock burst mainly involves an evolution of dynamic loading which behaves quite differently from static or quasi-static loading. To compare the dynamic response of coal and rocks with different static strengths, three different rocks and bituminous coal were selected for testing at three different dynamic loadings. It's found that the dynamic compression strength of rocks and bituminous coal is much greater than the static compression strength. The dynamic compression strength and dynamic increase factor of the rocks both increase linearly with the increase of the strain rate, while those of the bituminous coal are irregular due to the characteristics of multi-fracture and heterogeneity. Moreover, the absorbed energy of the rocks and bituminous coal both increase linearly with an increase in the strain rate. And the ratio of absorbed energy to the total energy of bituminous coal is greater than that of rocks. With the increase of dynamic loading, the failure degree of the sample increases, with the increase of the static compressive strength, the damage degree also increases. The static compassion strength of the bituminous coal is lower than that of rocks, so the number of small-scale fragments was the largest after bituminous coal rupture.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.229-244
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• 1995

The parametric instability behaviour of a plate subjected to localized in-plane compressive or tensile periodic edge loading is studied, considering the effects of damping into the system. Different edge loading cases have been considered. Damping has been introduced in the form of proportional damping. Dynamic instability behaviour under compressive or tensile periodic edge loading shows that the instability regions are influenced by the load band width and its location on the edge. The effects of damping on the instability regions show that there is a critical value of dynamic load factor beyond which the plate becomes dynamically unstable. The critical dynamic load factor increases as damping increases. Damping generally reduces the widths of the instability regions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.857-873
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• 2014

Structural behaviors of a sustainable hybrid column with the ultra high performance cementitious composites (UHPCC) permanent form under compression and flexure were studied. Critical state and failure stage characters are analyzed for large and small eccentricity cases. A simplified theoretical model is proposed for engineering designs and unified formulas for loading capacity of the hybrid column under compression and flexure loads are derived, including axial force and moment. Non-linear numerical analysis is carried out to verify the theoretical predictions. The theoretical predictions agree well with the numerical results which are verified by the short hybrid column tests recursively. Compared with the traditional reinforced concrete (RC) column, the loading capacity of the sustainable hybrid column is improved significantly due to UHPCC confinements.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.72-72
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• 2018

A dynamic fatigue characteristic of dental implant system has been evaluated with applying single axial compressive shear loading based on the ISO 14801 standard. For the advanced dynamic fatigue test, multi-directional force and motion needed to be accompanied for more information of mechanical properties as based on mastication in oral environment. In this study, we have prepared loading and motion protocol for the multi-directional fatigue test of dental implant system with single (Apical/Occlusal; AO), and additional mastication motion (Lingual/Facial; LF, Mesial/Distal; MD). As following the prepared protocol (with modification of ISO 14801), fatigue test was conducted to verify the worst case results for the development of highly stabilized dental implant system. Mechanical testing was performed using an universal testing machine (MTS Bionix 858, MN, USA) for static compression and single directional loading fatigue, while the multi-directional loading was performed with joint simulator (ADL-Force 5, MA, USA) under load control. Basically, all mechanical test was performed according to the ISO 14801:2016 standard. Static compression test was performed to identify the maximum fracture force with loading speed of 1.0 mm/min. A dynamic fatigue test was performed with 40 % value of maximum fracture force and 5 Hz loading frequency. A single directional fatigue test was performed with only apical/occlusal (AO) force application, while multi directional fatigue tests were applied $2^{\circ}$ of facial/lingual (FL) or mesial/distal (MD) movement. Fatigue failure cycles were entirely different between applying single-directional loading and multi-directional loading. As a comparison of these loading factor, the failure cycle was around 5 times lower than single-directional loading while applied multi-directional loading. Also, the displacement change with accumulated multi-directional fatigue cycles was higher than that of single directional cycles.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.163-176
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• 1996

The tension and compression buckling behaviour of a square plate with localized zones of damage and subjected to non-uniform loading is studied using a finite element analysis. The influence of parameters such as position of damage, extent of damage, size of damage and position of load on instability behaviour are discussed. The dynamic behaviour for certain load and damage parameters are also presented. It is observed that the presence of damage has a marked effect on the static buckling load and natural frequency of the plate.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2008

One of the unresolved questions in articular cartilage biomechanics is the magnitude of the dynamic modulus and tissue compressive strains under physiological loading conditions. The objective of this study was to characterize the dynamic modulus and compressive strain magnitudes of bovine articular cartilage at physiological compressive stress level and loading frequency. Four bovine calf shoulder joints (ages 2-4 months) were loaded in Instron testing system under load control, with a load amplitude up to 800 N and loading frequency of 1 Hz, resulting in peak engineering stress amplitude of ${\sim}5.8\;MPa$. The corresponding peak deformation of the articular layer reached ${\sim}27%$ of its thickness. The effective dynamic modulus determined from the slope of stress versus strain curve was ${\sim}23\;MPa$, and the phase angle difference between the applied stress and measured strain which is equivalent to the area of the hystresis loop in the stress-strain response was ${\sim}8.3^{\circ}$. These results are representative of the functional properties of articular cartilage in a physiological loading environment. This study provides novel experimental findings on the physiological strain magnitudes and dynamic modulus achieved in intact articular layers under cyclical loading conditions.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집 I
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• pp.444-449
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• 2001

The purpose of the work is to improve comfort of a car seat, especially dynamic comfort which affects driver's discomfort during the long time driving. Definition of dynamic comfort was made before the investigation of which parameter affects seat comfort. In order to optimize design parameters so as to maximize seat comfort as well as to know the cause of discomfort, benchmarking on a target vehicle and competitive vehicles was performed, which showed both the vibration transmission characteristics and the compression set due to dynamic loading should be reduced. As a solution ball rebounds was increased by about 10％ of the original foam, which showed reduction of S.E.A.T. value by 10％ and of compression set by 60％.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.931-951
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• 2015

To improve the durability and service life of reinforced concrete column such as bridge piers, an advanced composite column made of Ultra High Performance Cementitious Composites (UHPCC) permanent form is proposed. Based on elasticity plasticity theory, axial compression behavior of the composite column was studied theoretically. The first circumferential cracking load and ultimate limit loading capacity are derived for the composite column. Short composite column compression tests and numerical simulations using FEM method were carried out to justify the theoretical formula. The effects of UHPCC tube thickness on the axial compression behavior were studied. Using the established theoretical model and numerical simulation, the large dimension composite columns are calculated and analyzed with different UHPCC tube thickness. These studies may provide a reference for advanced composite column design and application.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2019

암석이나 콘크리트와 같은 취성재료의 경우에는 역학적 강도의 하중속도 의존성을 보임에 따라 발파 및 충격해석에 있어 이를 반영코자 하는 노력이 증가하고 있다. 이와 같은 암석의 동적강도의 경우에는 순간적으로 높은 하중이 작용하는 동적하중의 가압특성에 따라 시험편 내의 응력평형상태를 고려한 평가가 수행되어야함이 제안된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 스플릿 홉킨슨 압력봉 장비를 이용한 포천 화강암의 동적일축압축강도 실험을 통해 응력평형조건의 충족 유무에 따른 암석의 동적파괴과정 및 역학적 강도특성에 대해 고찰하였다. 연구결과 적절한 응력평형상태가 이루어지진 않은 상태에서 평가된 암석의 동적일축압축강도는 상대적으로 과소평가되는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 하중의 가압면에서 발생하는 조기파괴에 따른 에너지 파괴에너지 손실 및 변형률속도 과대평가에 의한 것으로 판단되었다. 결론적으로 합리적인 동적강도 평가를 위해서는 암석의 변형거동특성에 대한 분석 및 파괴패턴에 대한 검토를 통한 응력평형조건의 세밀한 검증이 수반되어야 할 것으로 판단하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.179-194
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• 2018

Reliable and accurate method of computationally aided design processes of advanced thin walled structures in automotive industries are much essential for the efficient usage of smart materials, that possess higher energy absorption in dynamic compression loading. In this paper, most versatile components i.e., thin walled crash tubes with different geometrical profiles are introduced in view of mitigating the impact of varying cross section in crash behavior and energy absorption characteristics. Apart from the geometrical parameters such as length, diameter and thickness, the non-dimensionalized parameters of average forces which control the plastic bending moment for varying thickness has explored in view of quantifying its impact on the crashworthiness of the structure. The explicit finite element code ABAQUS is utilized to conduct the numerical studies to examine the effect of parametric modifications in crash behavior and energy absorption. Also the simulation results are experimentally validated. It is evident that the circular cross-sectional tubes are preferable as high collision impact shock absorbers due to their ability in withstanding axial and oblique impact loads effectively. Furthermore, the specific energy absorption (SEA), crash force efficiency (CFE), plastic bending moment, peak force responses and its impact for optimally tailoring a design to cater the crashworthiness requirements are investigated. The primary outcome of the study is to provide sufficient information on circular tubes for the use of energy absorbers where impact oblique loading is expected.