• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2017

Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) has been mostly implemented on the hardware aspects of vessels. Although there are guidelines regarding human error FSAs, there have not been many assessments in such areas. To this end, this study seeks to use precedent studies for the safe operation of DP vessels, conducting an FSA regarding human error of DP LOP (Loss of Position) incidents. For this, the study referred to precedent studies for the frequency of DP LOP incidents caused by human errors, adding the severity of LOP incidents, and then applying them to the Bayesian network. As a result, the study was able to confirm that among DP LOP incidents caused by human errors, the drive-off from skill-based errors was 74.3% and the drive-off from unsafe supervision was 50.5%. Based on such results, RCOs (Risk Control Options) were devised through a brainstorming session with experts coming up with proposals including providing mandatory DPO training, installing DP simulator on the vessels, drawing up measures to understanding the procedures for safe operation of DP vessels. Moreover, it was found that mandatory DPO training is reasonable in terms of cost benefits and that while installing a DP simulator is not suitable in terms of cost benefits, it can significantly reduce risks when operating DP vessels.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.709-718
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• 2020

Fragility curves are useful tools to estimate the damage probability of buildings owing to seismic actions. The purpose of this study is to investigate seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, according to the 2007 and 2018 Turkish Seismic Codes, using fragility curves. For the numerical analyses, typical five- and seven-storey RC buildings were selected and incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) were performed. To complete the IDAs, eleven earthquake acceleration records multiplied by various scaling factors from 0.2g to 0.8g were used. To predict nonlinearity, a distributed hinge model that involves material and geometric nonlinearity of the structural members was used. Damages to confined concrete and reinforcement bar of structural members were obtained by considering the unit deformation demands of the 2007 Turkish Seismic Code (TSC-2007) and the 2018 Turkey Building Earthquake Code (TBEC-2018). Vulnerability evaluation of these buildings was performed using fragility curves based on the results of incremental dynamic analyses. Fragility curves were generated in terms of damage levels occurring in confined concrete and reinforcement bar of structural members with a lognormal distribution assumption. The fragility curves show that the probability of damage occurring is more according to TBEC-2018 than according to TSC-2007 for selected buildings.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.389-403
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• 2021

Skewed bridges, being irregular structures with complicated dynamic behavior, are more susceptible to earthquake damage. Reliable seismic-resistant design of skewed bridges can be achieved by accurate determination of nonlinear seismic demands. However, the effect of geometric characteristics on the response modification factor (R-factor) is not accounted for in bridge design practices. This study attempts to investigate the effects of changes in the number of spans, skew angle and bearing stiffness on R-factor values and to assess the seismic fragility of skewed bridges. Results indicated that changes in the skew angle had no significant effect on R-factor values which were in consonance with code-prescribed R values. Also, unlike the increase in the number of spans that resulted in a decrease in the R-factor, the increase in bearing stiffness led to higher R-factor values. Findings of the fragility analysis implied that although the increase in the number of spans, as well as the increase in the skew angle, led to a higher failure probability, greater values of bearing stiffness reduced the collapse probability. For practicing design engineers, it is recommended that maximum demands on substructure elements to be calculated when the excitation angle is applied along the principal axes of skewed bridges.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2021

This study strives to highlight the importance of considering the vertical ground motions (VGM) in the seismic evaluation of RC buildings. To this aim, IDA (Incremental Dynamic Analysis) is conducted on three code-based designed high-rise RC frame-core wall buildings using a suite of earthquake records comprising of significant VGMs. To unravel the significance of the VGM inclusion on the performance of the buildings, IDAs are conducted in two states (with and without the vertical component), and subsequently based on each analysis, fragility curves are developed. Non-simulated collapse criteria are used to determine the collapse state drift ratio and the area under the velocity spectrum (SIm) is taken into account as the intensity measure. The outcome of this study delineates that the inclusion of VGM leads to the increase in the collapse vulnerability of the structures as well as to the change in the pattern of inter-story drifts and failure mode of the buildings. The results suggested that it would be more conservative if the VGM is included in the seismic assessment and the fragility analysis of RC buildings.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.557-569
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• 2022

Vibration-based structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial for the dynamic maintenance of civil building structures to protect property security and the lives of the public. Analyzing these vibrations with modern artificial intelligence and deep learning (DL) methods is a new trend. This paper proposed an unsupervised deep learning method based on a convolutional autoencoder (CAE), which can overcome the limitations of conventional supervised deep learning. With the convolutional core applied to the DL network, the method can extract features self-adaptively and efficiently. The effectiveness of the method in detecting damage is then tested using a benchmark model. Thereafter, this method is used to detect damage and instant disaster events in a rubber bearing-isolated gymnasium structure. The results indicate that the method enables the CAE network to learn the intact vibrations, so as to distinguish between different damage states of the benchmark model, and the outcome meets the high-dimensional data distribution characteristics visualized by the t-SNE method. Besides, the CAE-based network trained with daily vibrations of the isolating layer in the gymnasium can precisely recover newly collected vibration and detect the occurrence of the ground motion. The proposed method is effective at identifying nonlinear variations in the dynamic responses and has the potential to be used for structural condition assessment and safety warning.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.948-958
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• 2022

Since reliability and security of man-machine system increasingly depend on reliability of human, human reliability analysis (HRA) has attracted a lot of attention in many fields especially in nuclear engineering. Dependence assessment among human tasks is a important part in HRA which contributes to an appropriate evaluation result. Most of methods in HRA are based on experts' opinions which are subjective and uncertain. Also, the dependence influencing factors are usually considered to be constant, which is unrealistic. In this paper, a new model based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (DSET) and fuzzy number is proposed to handle the dependence between two tasks in HRA under uncertain and dynamic situations. First, the dependence influencing factors are identified and the judgments on the factors are represented as basic belief assignments (BBAs). Second, the BBAs of the factors that varying with time are reconstructed based on the correction BBA derived from time value. Then, BBAs of all factors are combined to gain the fused BBA. Finally, conditional human error probability (CHEP) is derived based on the fused BBA. The proposed method can deal with uncertainties in the judgments and dynamics of the dependence influencing factors. A case study is illustrated to show the effectiveness and the flexibility of the proposed method.

• 한국소프트웨어감정평가학회 논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 매트릭스 형태로 구성된 키보드의 다이나믹 스캐닝 검출에 있어 눌리는 키의 수에 제한 없이 모든 키를 감지하는 n-키 롤-오버를 구성할 수 있는 소프트웨어 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 제시한 알고리즘은 컴퓨터 키보드 제어용 마이크로컨트롤러의 타이머 인터럽트를 이용하므로 일정하고 정확한 검출 간격을 얻을 수 있으며, 정확한 디바운스 시간을 부여할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 제시한 알고리즘의 효과를 확인하기 위해 건반 형태로 구성된 장난감 키보드에 마이크로컨트롤러를 접속하고 실험을 진행하였으며, 실험 결과 동시에 눌리는 키의 수에 관계없이 모든 키에 대한 검출이 정확히 이루어짐을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.72-89
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• 2024

Depression is a common disorder among the elderly, significantly affecting their quality of life. Traditional dance interventions, although beneficial, have limitations in convenience, personalization, and retention. With the advent of digital technology, digital dance interventions have emerged as a potential solution to these limitations. This paper involves an extensive review of literature on digital dance interventions. Research databases were searched for studies that focus on the use of digital dance in treating depression among older adults. The review also includes analyses of the advancements in digital dance technology, its application in therapeutic settings, and the evaluation of its efficacy. The paper identifies three main challenges in the current digital dance intervention research: real-time dynamic assessment, multimodal dance generation, and improving compliance. Despite these challenges, digital dance interventions show promise in addressing the limitations of traditional dance therapy. The research suggests that the integration of human-computer interaction and personalized approaches in digital dance interventions could significantly improve outcomes in elderly patients with depression. Digital dance interventions represent a novel and promising approach to treating depression in older adults. Future research should focus on overcoming the identified challenges and enhancing the effectiveness of these interventions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.2819-2830
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• 2009

하중을 받는 구조 부재는 사용기간 동안 다양한 형태의 손상을 입는다. 실험을 통해 구조물의 안정성을 평가하기 위해서는 많은 노력과 비용이 들고, 경우에 따라서는 측정 불가능한 부분도 있으므로 이들 측정 자료의 빈약함과 오차는 반드시 고려되어야 할 사항이다. 본 논문에서는 정적자료와 동적자료를 사용하는 System Identification 기법에 의한 파라미터 추정과 손상 검색 알고리즘을 소개한다. 정적 자료와 동적 자료에 적합한 형태의 측정 오차를 고려하여 System Identification 기법의 방정식 오차함수와 응답 오차함수를 이용함으로써 트러스 구조물의 강성도와 손상을 추정하였고, 측정 자료가 빈약하고 오차가 포함되어 있는 손상된 구조물을 판단하기 위한 기준을 제시하기 위하여 몬테카를로 반복 시행에 근거한 측정치 섭동법을 수행하였다. 방정식 오차함수와 응답 오차함수에 다양한 형태의 오차를 첨가하여 시뮬레이션 환경에 맞는 오차의 형태를 추정한 결과 정적이나 동적 자료 모두 응답 오차함수에 의한 추정 결과가 방정식 오차함수를 이용한 것보다 월등함을 확인할 수 있었고, 응답 오차함수에 절대오차를 고려한 경우가 정확도면에서 가장 좋은 결과를 가져왔다. 부재의 형태에 따른 추정 오차를 비교한 결과 트러스의 복재가 현재에 비해 상대적으로 큰 편차가 발생하여 현재에 비하여 추정값의 정확성이 저하되었고, 주어진 하중 및 측정 조건에 민감하게 반응하지 못하는 부재는 손상 추정에서 손상의 유무를 결정하기가 쉽지 않다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.35-51
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• 1999

Fatigue strength assessment procedures have been implemented in the ship design rules by many classification societies. However, a large variation tin the details of the different approaches exists in practically all aspects influding load history assessment, stress evaluation and fatigue strength assessment. In order to assess the influences of thesd variations on the prediction of fatigue lives. a comparative study is organized by the ISSC Committee III.2 Fatigue and Fracture. A pad detail on the top of longitudinal hatch coaming of a panamax container vessel is selected for fatigue calculation. The work described in this paper is one set of results of this comparative study in which the ABS dynamics approach is applied. Through this analysis the following conclusions can be drawn. (1) With the original ABS approach, the fatigue life of this pad detail is very low, only 2.398 years. (2) The treatment of the stillwater bending moment in the ABS approach might be a source of conservatism. If the influence of stillwater bending moment is ignored, then the fatigue life for this pad detail is 7.036 years. (3) The difference between the nominal stress approach and the hot spot stress approach for this pad detail is about 26%.