Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2020.18.6.709

Seismic vulnerability assessment of RC buildings according to the 2007 and 2018 Turkish seismic codes  

Yon, Burak (Munzur University Department of Civil Engineering)
Publication Information
Earthquakes and Structures / v.18, no.6, 2020 , pp. 709-718 More about this Journal
Abstract
Fragility curves are useful tools to estimate the damage probability of buildings owing to seismic actions. The purpose of this study is to investigate seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, according to the 2007 and 2018 Turkish Seismic Codes, using fragility curves. For the numerical analyses, typical five- and seven-storey RC buildings were selected and incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) were performed. To complete the IDAs, eleven earthquake acceleration records multiplied by various scaling factors from 0.2g to 0.8g were used. To predict nonlinearity, a distributed hinge model that involves material and geometric nonlinearity of the structural members was used. Damages to confined concrete and reinforcement bar of structural members were obtained by considering the unit deformation demands of the 2007 Turkish Seismic Code (TSC-2007) and the 2018 Turkey Building Earthquake Code (TBEC-2018). Vulnerability evaluation of these buildings was performed using fragility curves based on the results of incremental dynamic analyses. Fragility curves were generated in terms of damage levels occurring in confined concrete and reinforcement bar of structural members with a lognormal distribution assumption. The fragility curves show that the probability of damage occurring is more according to TBEC-2018 than according to TSC-2007 for selected buildings.
Keywords
vulnerability assessment; fragility curves; structural damages; TSC-2007; TBEC-2018;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Sadraddin, H.L., Shao, X. and Hu, Y. (2016), "Fragility assessment of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings considering the effects of shear wall contributions", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Buil., 25(18), 1089-1102. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1299.   DOI
2 Schittkowski, K. (2002), "EASY-FIT: A software system for data fitting in dynamical systems", Struct. Multidis. Opt., 23(2), 153-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-002-0174-6.   DOI
3 SeismoStruct v7- A computer program developed for the accurate analytical assessment of structures, subjected to earthquake strong motion.
4 Senel, S.M. and Kayhan, A.H. (2010), "Fragility based damage assesment in existing precast industrial buildings: A case study for Turkey", Struct. Eng. Mech., 34(1), 39-60., https://doi.org/ 10.12989/sem.2010.34.1.039.   DOI
5 Shinozuka, M., Feng, M.Q., Lee, J. and Naganuma, T. (2000), "Statistical analysis of fragility curves", J. Eng. Mech., 126(12), 1224-1231. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2000)126:12(1224).   DOI
6 TS 498 Design Loads for Buildings, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, Turkey
7 Turkey Building Earthquake Code (2018), Ankara, Turkey
8 Turkish Seismic Code (2007), Ankara, Turkey
9 Wu, D., Tesfamariam, S., Stiemer, S.F. and Qin, D. (2012), "Seismic fragility assessment of RC frame structure designed according to modern Chinese code for seismic design of buildings", Earth. Eng. Eng. Vib., 11(3), 331-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-012-0125-1.   DOI
10 Yon, B. and Calayir, Y. (2014) "Effects of confinement reinforcement and concrete strength on nonlinear behaviour of RC buildings", Comp. Conc., 14(3), 279-297. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2014.14.3.279.   DOI
11 Yon, B. and Calayir, Y. (2015), "The soil effect on the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete buildings", Earthq. Struct., 8(1), 133-152. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.8.1.133.   DOI
12 Yon, B., Oncu, M.E. and Calayir, Y. (2015) "Effects of seismic zones and local soil conditions on response of RC buildings", Gradevinar, 67(6), 585-596. https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.1192.2014.
13 Zhang, J.H. and Hu, S.D. (2005), "State of the Art of Bridge Seismic Vulnerability Analysis Research", Struct. Eng. 21(5), 76-80.   DOI
14 Zhou, J., Li, S., Nie, G., Fan, X., Deng, Y. and Xia, C. (2020), "Research on seismic vulnerability of buildings and seismic disaster risk: A case study in Yancheng, China", Int. J. Dis.Risk Reduc., 45, 101477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101477.
15 ATC (1985), "Earthquake damage evaluation data for California, ATC-13 Report", Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, California. U.S.A.
16 Baker, J.W. (2013), "An introduction to probabilistic seismic hazard analysis", White Paper Version, 1, 72.
17 Celik, O.C. and Ellingwood, B.R. (2010) "Seismic fragilities for non-ductile reinforced concrete frames-Role of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties", Struct. Safe. 32(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2009.04.003.   DOI
18 Chaulagain, H., Rodrigues, H., Spacone, E. and Varum, H. (2015), "Assessment of seismic strengthening solutions for existing low-rise RC buildings in Nepal", Earthq. Struct., 8(3), 511-539. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.8.3.511.   DOI
19 Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD), http://kyhdata.deprem.gov.tr
20 Duan, H. and Hueste, M.B.D. (2012), "Seismic performance of a reinforced concrete frame building in China", Eng. Struct. 41, 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.03.030.   DOI
21 Ellingwood, B.R., Celik, O.C. and Kinali, K. (2007), "Fragility assessment of building structural systems in Mid-America", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36(13), 1935-1952. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/eqe.693.   DOI
22 Erberik, M.A. (2008), "Fragility-based assessment of typical mid-rise and low-rise RC buildings in Turkey", Eng. Struct., 30(5), 1360-1374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.07.016.   DOI
23 Institute of Turkish Standard (2000), "TS 500 design and construction rules of reinforced concrete structures", Ankara, Turkey.
24 Kwon, O.S. and Kim, E. (2010) "Case study: Analytical investigation on the failure of a two-story RC building damaged during the 2007 Pisco-Chincha earthquake", Eng. Struct., 32(7), 1876-1887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.12.022.   DOI
25 Khaloo, A., Nozhati, S., Masoomi, H. and Faghihmaleki, H. (2016), "Influence of earthquake record truncation on fragility curves of RC frames with different damage indices", J. Build. Eng., 7, 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.05.003.   DOI
26 Kircil, M.S. and Polat, Z. (2006), "Fragility analysis of mid-rise R/C frame buildings", Eng. Struct., 28(9), 1335-1345, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.01.004.   DOI
27 Kwon, O.S. and Elnashai, A. (2006) "The effect of material and ground motion uncertainty on the seismic vulnerability curves of RC structure", Eng. Struct. 28(2), 289-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.07.010.   DOI
28 Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N. and Park, R. (1988), "Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete", J. Struct. Eng., 114(8), 1804-1826.   DOI
29 Mwafy, A. (2011), "Assessment of seismic design response factors of concrete wall buildings", Earth. Eng. Eng. Vib., 10(1), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-011-0051-7.   DOI
30 Onat, O., Yon, B. and Calayir, Y. (2018), "Seismic assessment of existing RC buildings before and after shear-wall retrofitting", Gradevinar 70(8), 703-712. https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.2068.2017.
31 Oncu, M.E. and Yon, M.S. (2016), "Assessment of nonlinear static and incremental dynamic analyses for RC structures", Comp. Conc., 18(6), 1195-1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.18.6.1195.   DOI
32 Ortega, J., Vasconcelos, G., Rodrigues, H. and Correia, M. (2019), "A vulnerability index formulation for the seismic vulnerability assessment of vernacular architecture", Eng. Struct., 197, 109381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109381.   DOI
33 Rodrigues, H.F.P. (2012), "Biaxial seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete columns", Ph.D. Thesis, Aveiro University Civil Engineering Department.
34 Park, J., Towashiraporn, P., Craig, J.I. and Goodno, B.J. (2009), "Seismic fragility analysis of low-rise unreinforced masonry structures", Eng. Struct., 31(1), 125-137. https://doi.org/: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.07.021.   DOI
35 Pavel, F. and Carale, G. (2019), "Seismic assessment for typical soft-storey reinforced concrete structures in Bucharest, Romania", Int. J. Disas. Risk Reduc., 41, 101332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101332.   DOI
36 Rajeev, P. and Tesfamariam S (2012), "Seismic fragilities for reinforced concrete buildings with consideration of irregularities", Struct. Safe, 39, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2012.06.001.   DOI
37 Rossetto, T and Elnashai, A. (2005), "A new analytical procedure for the derivation of displacement-based vulnerability curves for populations of RC structures", Eng. Struct., 27(3), 397-409. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.11.002.   DOI
38 Mwafy, A.M. and Elnashai, A.S. (2001), "Static pushover versus dynamic collapse analysis of RC buildings", Eng. Struct., 23(5), 407-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(00)00068-7.   DOI
39 Rossetto, T. and Elnashai, A. (2003), "Derivation of vulnerability functions for European-type RC structures based on observational data", Eng. Struct. 25(10), 1241-1263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(03)00060-9.   DOI
40 Rossetto, T., Gehl, P., Minas, S., Galasso, C., Duffour, P., Douglas, J. and Cook, O. (2016), "FRACAS: A capacity spectrum approach for seismic fragility assessment including record-to-record variability", Eng. Struct. 125, 337-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.06.043.   DOI