• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.577-587
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• 2016

Natural dye extracted from Salicornia bigelovii was applied to silk fabrics by dip dyeing process. The dyeing properties and the functionalities of the silk fabrics were determined. Factors affecting the dyeing properties such as dyestuff concentration, temperature, time and pH were studied. The colorimetric parameters $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, and H, V/C values were measured to select the optimal mordanting conditions. The color-fastnesses of the dyed and mordanted fabrics were estimated for practical use; in addition, the antibacterial property, ultraviolet protection properties were evaluated. The dyeabilities of silk increased depending on the increasing dye concentration, dyeing time, and dyeing temperature. And optimum dyeing results were achieved when dyeing with 300% (o.w.f.) of dye concentration at $90^{\circ}C$ for 100 minutes and at pH 3. The dyed silk fabrics without mordants produced yellow (Y) color and showed yellow (Y) or green yellow (GY) colors depending on the mordants type. The light fastness of dyed and Al mordanted silk fabrics were found to be excellent, and the drycleaning and rubbing fastness were good. The dyed silk fabrics showed no antibacterial property, but Al and Cu mordanted silk fabrics showed 99.9% reduction rate. The ultraviolet protection properties of the dyed silk fabric was improved. And the ultraviolet protection properties of mordanted samples showed very good ultraviolet protection properties.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Blended knit with two or more fiber has various dyeing characteristics depending on dyeing method because of different material properties of them. In this paper, newly developed blended knit was used. It was composed by Acrylate fiber and Dyeable polypropylene(DPP) fiber. As result of build-up dyeing test, acid dyes and disperse dyes respectively had good dyeabilities on 1% o.w.f. with Acrylate fiber and DPP fiber. Compatibility of trichromatic of disperse dyes was generally good for most dyes investigated and their critical absorption range were between $120^{\circ}C$ and $130^{\circ}C$. As depending on dyeing methods, there were many differences in dyeability. It was confirmed that 1-bath-1-step dyeing was most suitable when considering dye exhaustion yield and levelling property. Wash, rubbing and light fastness of knits were generally good in most dyes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.8-17
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• 2008

For the purpose of standardization and practicability of natural dyeing, the mordanting and dyeing properties of turmeric was studied. In this study, the colorants of turmeric were extracted with boiling water. Chitosan-crosslinked cotton fabrics was dyed with aqueous extract of turmeric and their dyeabilities on the fabrics were studied. Additionally the fastness to washing and light were also investigated. Cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin in the presence of chitosan to provide the cotton fabrics the dyeing properties of natural dye(turmeric) by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. The chitosan finishing and durable press finishing of the cotton fabrics occurred simultaneously in the mercerization bath. The dyeability(K/S), which was obtained by CCM observation, remarkably became increased when the crosslinked chitosan concentration was higher. Dyeability of turmeric was improved on chitosan-crosslinked cotton fabric rather than only cotton fabric, while the saturated dyeing time was 20minutes at $60^{\circ}C$. The hue value indicated greenish yellow with increasing the crosslinked chitosan concentration. And the color fastness to washing and light was almost the same.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.768-777
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• 2015

In this study, the dyeing of silk fabric with Polygonum cuspidatum extracts was investigated. The contents of this study are as follows. First, the proper dyeing conditions were investigated by measuring the dye uptake (K/S value) that depended on the dyeing conditions when silk fabric was dyed with Polygonum cuspidatum extract. Second, the brightness (L), hue, and chroma differences that appear after mordanting with Al, Cu and Fe were investigated by measuring the CIELAB and Munsell values. And third, the colorfastness and antibacterial property were measured. When the silk fabric was dyed with Polygonum cuspidatum extract, the proper dyeing conditions were a colorant concentration of 90% v/v, a dyeing of time 100 minutes, a dyeing temperature of $70^{\circ}C$, and a dyeing of pH 3. In mordanting methods, the dyeabilities of post-mordanting were higher than those of premordanting. The hue value displayed yellow (Y) and yellow-red (YR) in cases of pre and post mordanting. The C value decreased by the mordanting of Polygonum cuspidatum extracts. Generally the colorfastness of mordanted fabrics was improved by mordanting. The dyed fabrics showed a 90.6% of Staphylococcus aureus reduction rate, and the dyed and mordanted fabrics showed 97.1% bacteria reduction rate. The dyed and mordanted fabrics showed above 90.5% Klebsiella pneumoniae reduction rate, and Cu mordant revealed the most effective bacterial reduction.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.544-551
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• 2008

In this study, the colorants of Amur cork tree were extracted with boiling water. Chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics have been dyed with aqueous extract of Amur cork tree and their dyeabilities on the fabrics were studied. Additionally the fastness to washing and light were also investigated. Cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin in the presence of chitosan to provide the cotton fabrics the dyeing properties of natural dye(Amur cork tree) by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. This process was applied by means of the conventional mercerizing process. The chitosan finishing and durable press finishing of the cotton fabrics occurred simultaneously in the mercerization bath. On the surface color change, the fabric of no-chitosan finished and no-mordanted has greenish yellow. The more crosslinked chitosan on cotton fabrics has the more turned down greenish on the surface color, as increasing the concentration of chitosan, greenish color turn down to the yellow close the 90o hue angle. In all sorts of fabrics, dyeability(K/S) is slightly affected by the number of manufacturing process and the concentration of chitosan. But only mercerized cotton fabric has higher dyeability (K/S) than mordant treated cotton fabrics. Wash fastness has little different results by each condition, but almost similar values. Light fastness was improved with chitosan treatment on cotton fabric.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.260-266
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• 2008

Recently there has been a growing interest in the use of natural dyes in textile applications. Natural dyes can exhibit better biodegradability and generally have a higher compatibility with the environment. In this study, the colorants of clove were extracted with boiling water. Chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics have been dyed with aqueous extract of clove and their dyeabilities on the fabrics were studied. Additionally the fastness to washing and light, and the effects on antimicrobial properties were also investigated. Cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin in the presence of chitosan to provide the cotton fabrics the dyeing properties of natural dye(clove) by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. This process was applied by means of the conventional mercerizing process. The chitosan finishing and durable press finishing of the cotton fabrics occurred simultaneously in the mercerization bath. The dyeability(K/S), which was obtained by CCM observation, remarkablely became increased when the crosslinked chitosan concentration was higher. The hue value indicated reddish yellow with increasing the crosslinked chitosan concentration. And the color fastness to washing and light was the almost the same. The chitosan treated cotton fabrics showed very high activities with almost 100% reduction.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 1997

In this study, the dyeability of natural dye extracted from chesnut shell was investigated in order to explore the using of discarded chesnut shell in natural dyeing. Dyeing experiments were done in various dyeing conditions which were different in dyeing temperature, concentration of dyebath, dyeing time, repitition of dyeing. pH of dyebath and mordant with 3 kinds of experimental fabrics silk, nylon and cotton. Color and color difference ($\Delta$ E) of every dyed fabrics were measured and color fastness to drycleaning, washing, perspiration and light were measured. The results were as follows ; 1. The dyebath became thicker with time and temperature of extraction and the characteristics of dyebath prepared chesnut shell 1g : distilled water 30㏄ after 3 hrs-boiling were 32,400ppm and 3.7pH. 2. The dyeabilities of silk and nylon fabrics were good and color difference was increased with dyeing temperature, concentration of dyebath, dyeing time, number of repitition and acidity of dyebath. But the dyeability of cotton was very poor compared to silk and nylon. 3. Without the treatment of mordant, the dyeability of silk was little lower than that of nylon, but after the treatment of mordants it became higher than nylon. After the treatment of mordant Cu and Fe, the dyeability of cotton was increased although the natural dye from the chesnut shell was hardly absorved in cotton without mordant. 4. On the whole, the colorfastness of dyed silk and nylon were very good except the colorfastness to washing in silk and the colorfastness to light in nylon.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.873-881
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• 2004

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of enzyme and the addition of chelators on rotting of the Kenaf bast. Enzyme rotting was effective only when the chelators were added with the enzyme. EDTA was a more effective chelator than oxalic acid under 1% concentration. There was no difference in the rotting effect under different enzyme concentration levels, and under different treatment time and temperature. Therefore, it was found that enzyme rotting can be carried out with low enzyme concentration(0.125%) at room temperature. Retting time can be shortened when higher enzyme concentration and higher temperature are applied. Cellulose I structure of kenaf fiber did not change after enzyme rotting, and different enzyme concentration did not affect the crytallinity structure. Non-cellulosic matters such as hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin were present in the descending order in the enzyme rotted kenaf fiber, and there were no differences in their amounts due to enzyme concentration levels. There was no difference in the dyeabilities of kenaf fiber rotted with different enzyme concentration levels. Enzyme rotted kenaf fiber showed better cyeability when pectin, lignin, and hemicellulose were removed.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.377-384
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• 2008

For the purpose of standardization and practicability of natural dyeing, the mordanting and dyeing properties of gallnut was studied. In this study, the colorants of gallnut were extracted with boiling water. Chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics were been dyed with aqueous extract of gallnut and their dyeabilities on the fabrics were studied. Additionally, the fastness to washing and light were also investigated. Cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin in the presence of chitosan to provide the cotton fabrics the dyeing properties of natural dye(gallnut) by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. The chitosan finishing and durable press finishing of the cotton fabrics carried out simultaneously in the mercerization bath. The dyeability(K/S), which was obtained by CCM observation, remarkably increased as the concentration of chitosan was high. Dye ability of gallnut showed higher toward chitosan treated cotton than controlled cotton fabric under condition at $60^{\circ}C$, for 20 min. The hue value indicated reddish yellow with increasing the crosslinked chitosan concentration. And the color fastness to washing and light was the almost the same.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.87-96
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• 1995

Colorant concentrates are prepared by use of concentration method of colorants extracted from Sappan wood using met hanol. Dyeabilities and fastness properties of silk fabrics dyed with concentrate of Sappan wood are investigated.The results obtained are as follows; 1. The storage stability of colorant concentrate is poor as concentration is excess. 2. Because the colors of dyeings are different with mordants, aluminium acetate, copper acetate, chromium alum and tin chloride are used in order to obtain reddish color. 3. The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time are 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 60 min, respectively. 4. Dry cleaning fastness is very good, and light fastness and washing fastness are low. 5. The dyeing method is simple owing to usehess of colorant concentrate prepared without extraction of colorant every time.