• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.102-104
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• 2008

Natural indigo dye was prepared by extracting from Polygonum tintorium, precipitating with calcium hydroxide, and dried. Dyeing was carried out using sodium hydrosulfite as a reducing agent for the prepared natural indigo powder. K/S value, color property, and colorfastness of dyed fabrics were investigated. Optimum dyeing conditions obtained were 60$^{\circ}C$, 20min. Regardless of indigo dye and sodium hydrosulfite concentration, Munsell hue of dyed fabrics was PB color. Compared to the dyed fabric with both sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrosulfite, those with sodium hydrosulfite only showed higher color strength(K/S value). Colorfastness of dyed fabrics showed high rating except of wash/dry cleaning fastness of silk fabrics dyed low color strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.506-513
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• 2013

Rubia cordifolia L (Indian madder) contains red color purpurin (65-67%) and yellow color munjistin (10-12%) as well as nordamncanthal (9-10%). Purpurin is a traditional red dye. The purpose of this research is to increase the dyeability of silk and light fastness of dyed silk fabric. We dyed silk fabrics after pretreatment to remove the yellow component of madder using various solvents such as ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, and acetone. The total K/S value was the highest in the case of chloroform and reflectance was the lowest at the red color region from 470nm to 530nm. Chloroform dissolved the yellow color of Rubia cordifolia; in addition, we found that the total K/S value increased and the ${\Delta}E$ value decreased by chloroform pretreatment for silk dyeing.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.116-127
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• 2010

Metal acid dyes are usually used to dye wool fabric to achieve high concentrated color and strong color fastness. However, metal acid dyes contain lots of heavy metal. That causes not only environmental pollution but also diseases to human. In this study, wool reactive dyes instead of metal acid dyes for wool, which are environmental friendly, are compared and analyzed in the evaluation system of their harmfulness, containing heavy metals and examined exhaustion rates and dyeing characteristics.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 1985

Silk fabric was printed with the reactive dye (vinylsulfone type) to investigate the change of adsorption and fixation by steaming time, viscosity of dyeing paste and alkali concentration. It was found that the amount of adsorption and fixation against silk increased with the increase of steaming time, and showed the maximum value at 340cp of dyeing paste. The amount of adsorption and fixation was influenced by alkali concentration. Light, washing, and perspiration fastness were very excellent.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.18 no.5 s.90
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• pp.15-21
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• 2006

Temporarily solubilized azo disperse dyes containing ${\beta}$-sulfatoethylsufonyl group were applied to acetate fabric and the feasibility of dispersant-free dyeing was investigated. The color yields of the dyes on acetate fabric were found to be dependent on dye bath pH as well as dyeing temperature. The optimum results were obtained at pH 6 and $80^{\circ}C$. The dyes showed good exhaustion and levelling properties. Vinylsulfone derivatives of the dyes were prepared and applied to acetate with dispersant. Dyeing properties of the temporarily solubilized disperse dyes were similar to or better than those of the vinylsulfone dyes. The dyes showed moderate to good fastness properties on acetate.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.55-65
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• 2009

Metal complex dyes are usually used to dye amide fiber such as wool, silk and nylon to achieve high concentrated color and excellent color fastness. However, metal complex dyes that contain various heavy metal components cause not only serious environmental problem but also human health. In this study the ordinary 1:2 metal acid dyes and the modified 1:2 metal dyes, which are environmental friendly, are compared and analyzed in existing dyes investigated the trends in the evaluation system of their harmfulness, containing heavy metals and examined exhaustion rates and dyeing characteristics.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2004

Hydrolyzable organic esters were compared with ammonium sulphate as an acid donor for the pH control in dye-bath-reuse system of acid dyes mixtures. The ability of pH control, levelness, dyeing properties and reproducibility in dye-bath-reuse system were investigated comparatively. Hydrolyzable organic esters showed higher exhaustion and color yield than ammonium sulphate. In addition, hydrolyzable organic ester exhibited very low conductivity less than 0.5 mS, while ammonium sulphate give high conductivity. However, we could not observe any difference in levelness of dyed samples between two kinds of acid donors in laboratory scale dyeing. Over 10 cycles of reuse, hydrolyzable organic esters showed higher reproducibility than ammonium sulphate. No deterioration of the color fastness and levelness occurs over 10 cycles of reuse.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.55-61
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• 2004

The Purpose or this study was to determine the optimal dyeing condition or Chelidonium majus extracts onto silk fabrics. Among the various dyeing properties, the colorfastness of fabrics dyed with Chelidonium majus extracts was investigated in different conditions such as dyeing temperature, dyeing time, dyeing pH etc. We also tried to dye fabrics using the Chelidonium majus extracts which were lyophilized. Although mordant was not used, dyed fabrics showed relatively good dyeability and the main pigment of Chelidonium majus showed yellow vividly in the appropriate dyeing conditions. At a dyeing temperature above 40$^{\circ}C$, the $\Delta$E value increased but the yellowish tint decreased. The pH value of unadjusted Chelidonium majus extracts was 6.4, at which a deep yellow was obtained. The dye equilibrium was reached 40 minutes after dyeing. The colorfastness to washing and light was poor at 1-2 and 2-3, respectively, but the dry-cleaning fastness was good at 4-5.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.104-107
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• 1962

It is thought that the adsorption isotherms in dyeing of cellulose by the direct cotton dyes are consisted of combined type of Langmuir and Freundlich as the opinion of Fujino, et al;$[D]_F=ab[D]_S/(1+b[D]_S)+k[D]_S$where a,b,k; constants, $[D]_F$; dye adsorption on the fiber, $[D]_S$; dye concentration in the bath. This means that the dyes adsorbed in cellulose present in the state of partly mono molecular and partly aggregate; the characteristic fading order curve will be expressed as the combined system of uniform particle size distribution and assumed that the slope of the theoretical models of Baxter, et al., and assumed that the slope of curve will be changed near the point of a, the saturation value of Langmuir isotherms in the above equation. Firstly, the theoretical fading rate curve was treated with small colour difference as the one step of experimental of above consideration.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 1995

The effect of copper sulfate/thiourea on the diffusion and the dye exhaustion of two dyes, C. I. Acid Orange 7 and C. I. Food Yellow 3 in nylon 6 fiber has been studied. The results obtained from the experimetal are as follows : 1) Copper sulfate reacted with thiourea at constant temperature and then generated the colorless trasparent coordination compound, and then combinated end group of carboxyl of nylon 6 fiber. 2) The coordination compound [$Cu_{2}$($TU_{6}$)] ($(SO_{4})_2$) is conducted at pH 5-6 in solution intensity and repulsed the sulfonic acid group of dyes, and therefore the diffusion of dyes is restraint. 3) Dye uptake and diffusion coefficient were decreased in the order of untreated > copper sulfate/thiourea-treated > tannin-treated.