• 감성과학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 트리아세테이트와 흡한속건성 PET 합연사로 구성된 복합직물의 염착량 증진 및 동일색상 염색(union dyeing)을 위한 최적 혼합염색 조건을 찾는 것이다. 이를 위하여 E-type 분산염료(C.I. Disperse red 50)와 S-type 분산염료(C.I. Disperse red 92)를 혼합하여 1욕 혼합염색으로 염색온도, 염색시간, 염료의 혼합비율에 따른 염색직물의 흡진율, 염착율, 색상 및 색차를 측정하였다. 혼합염색의 염착평형은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 일어났으나 염색된 직물의 K/S 값과 겉보기 색상을 비교해보았을 때 트리아세테이트와 흡한속건성 PET의 색이 동일한 색으로 발현되는 온도는 $120^{\circ}C$임을 확인하였다. 염색 시간 증가에 따른 혼합염료 흡진율과 염착량의 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았으나 염색시간이 길수록 그리고 혼합염료를 사용할 경우 균일한 색상을 얻을 수 있었다. E-type에 S-type염료의 혼합비율을 적절히 조절하여 혼합염색 하면 단독염색 보다 E-type 염료의 색상과 차이 없이 염착량을 증대시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.10-22
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• 1995

Cellulosic fabrics, i.e. rayon, polynosic, and linen were treated with liquid ammonia at -33.4$^{\circ}C$. The fine structures, bending properties, tensile strength, wrinkle recoveries, and dyeing properties of the treated fabrics were studied. Dyeing was carried out with two direct dyes, C. I. Direct Red 2 and Blue 1. The liquid ammonia treatment for three fabrics brought about the transition of crystal lattices and the decrease of crystallinity; transforming cellulose I structure of original linen to cellulose I and III structure, and cellulose II structure of original rayon and polynosic to cellulose II and III structure. Moisture regain of liquid ammonia- treated polynosic and linen was higher than that for untreated, and water absorbency of liquid ammonia-traeated fabrics was all lower than that of untreated. Also, bending properties of treated fabrics were not improved compared with those of untreated ones. The rayon treated with liquid ammonia was increased not only the apparent diffusion coefficient and the rate of dyeing but also equilibrium dye adsortion, whereas polynosic and linen were increased only equilibrium dye adsortion. It is suggested that the pore sizes of liquid ammonia-treated rayon, polynosic, and linen are much smaller than that of liquid ammonia-treated cotton.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

Cotton fiber and NaOH-mercerized cotton fiber had been treated by liquid ammonia and were dyed with two direct dyes, C.I. Direct Red 2 and Blue 1. The effect of the treatment on the rate of dyeing, dye adsorption isotherm, and affinity were studied. The rate of dyeing was increased in the order of NaOH-mercerized> NaOH/liquid ammonia-treated > liquid ammonia-treated>Untreated cotton irrespective of kind of dyes. The rate of dyeing for NaOH-treated fiber considerably increased, whereas liquid ammonia-treated or NaOH/liquid ammonia-treated did not because the structural transformation was not enough for the dyes to penetrate easily into the liquied ammonia-treated cottons. The time of half-dyeing was considerably reduced by mercerizing with NaOH, but lengthened by liquid ammonia treatment because of increased equilibrium dye exhaustion especially in dyeing with C.I. Dierect Red 2. In spite of a short time of the ammonia treatment for 4 seconds, the equilibrium exhaustions of both of direct dyes, C.I. Direct Red 2 and C.I. Direct Blue 1, were increased in proportion to internal volume of treated cotton under a condition of fixed affinity.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1991

The influences, that various mercerization conditions had on the dying property of cotton fiber, were studied. Crystallization degrees accompained by lattice transformation of slack-mercerized cotton by IR spectroscopic analysis and morphology of the slack-merceized cotton by SEM were observed in this research. The above results were as follows; 1. Equilibrium dye adsorption rates of slack-mercerized cotton with C. I. Reactive Blue 19 were gained in the case of 8M NaOH, $10^{\circ}C$, 20 min., about 2 times as large as the rates of untreated cotton and gained about 2.5 times in the case of 8M $NH_3$, $10^{\circ}C$, , 20 min. 2. Equilibrium dye adsorption rates of slack-mercerized cotton with C. I. Reactive Blue 2 were gained in the case of 2M NaOH, $10^{\circ}C$, 20 min., about 1.7 times as large as the rates of untreated cotton and gained about 2.4 times in the case of 8M $NH_3$, $10^{\circ}C$, 20 min. 3. It was confirmed by SEM that untreated cotton fibrils are formed in the shape of screw and treated cotton is rearranged in the direction of fiber axis.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2022

In wastewater treatment processes huge quantities of sludge are produced continuously each year. This work investigated the reuse of two types of sludge as biosorbents of a toxic dye. The potential of granular and filamentous fungus dried sludge for the elimination of eosin from aqueous solution was studied in batch system. The effect of initial concentration and temperature was examined. Maximum uptake was observed at 100 mg l^-1 and 30 ℃. The maximum removal rate was 92% for the granular sludge and 90% for the filamentous one. Equilibrium was attained after 30 min for the studied dye concentrations. The equilibrium uptake increased with the initial eosin concentration. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were also investigated. The reuse of disposed sludge as adsorbent could be a solution for the valorization of such dangerous waste to resolve two environmental problems at the same time.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.461-476
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• 2013

This study aims to provide practical information of both color and hands of cotton fabrics dyed with persimmon dye powder for natural dyeing fashion industries by investigating dyeing behavior and color gamut, by testing mechanical properties depending on color characteristics, and finally by evaluating dyeing fastness. As results, the persimmon dye powder obtained by extracting the fruits to final solid powder was found as containing tannin and it partially coated between and on fibers similarly to traditionally dyed one. The K/S values of non-mordanted fabric and two differently mordanted ones with Fe and Cu seemed to reach their equilibrium from 800, 800, and 600% (owf), respectively. Yellow-red was the only one hue shown while tones were various as pale (p), light grayish (ltg), soft (sf), dull (d), grayish (g), and dark grayish (dkg). In mechanical properties, the dyed fabrics with p and ltg tended to be less altered than undyed ones whereas d and d kg by higher bath concentrations could be applied to boxy silhouette owing to their increased stiffness and less stretchability. Although fastness to dry cleaning and stain was good, color change by washing and rubbing needed to be improved.

• 청정기술
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2021

석탄계 입상 활성탄(CGAC)에 의한 acid black 1 (AB1) 염료의 평형, 동력학 및 열역학적 특성을 초기농도, 접촉 시간, 온도 및 pH 를 흡착변수로 하여 조사하였다. 활성탄에 의한 AB1의 흡착반응은 산성에서는 활성탄의 표면(H⁺)과 AB1이 가지고 있는 sulfite ion (SO₃^-), nitrite ion (NO₂^-) 사이의 정전기적 인력에 의해 일어났고, 최고 흡착률은 pH 3에서 97.7%였다. AB1의 등온 데이터는 Freundlich 등온식에 가장 잘 맞았으며, 계산된 분리계수(1/n) 값으로부터 활성탄에 의한 AB1의 흡착이 효과적인 처리과정이 될 수 있음을 알았다. Temkin 식의 흡착열 관련상수의 값은 물리 흡착 공정(< 20 J mol^-1)임을 나타냈다. 동역학 실험에서는 유사 2차 모델이 유사 1차 모델보다 더 일관성이 있었으며 추정된 평형 흡착량은 오차 백분율의 9.73% 이내에서 잘 일치하였다. 입자내 확산이 흡착 과정에서 속도 조절 단계였다. 활성화 에너지와 엔탈피 변화값으로부터 흡착반응이 물리흡착으로 진행되는 흡열반응임을 확인하였다. 엔트로피 변화는 활성탄 표면에서 AB1의 흡착이 일어나는 동안 고-액 계면에서 활발한 반응에 의해 엔트로피가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 자유에너지 변화는 온도증가와 함께 흡착반응의 자발성이 더 커지는 것을 나타냈다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2008

Cotton, wool, cotton/wool blended (80:20) and tencel fabrics were treated with low temperature oxygen plasma, enzymes (cellulase or protease), or oxygen plasma-enzyme and they were examined for dyeing and handling properties for environment friendly finishing. The appropriate conditions for cellulase treatment were enzyme concentration of 3g/l, pH of 5, and $60^{\circ}C$ for one hour, and for protease treatment were enzyme concentration of 4g/l, pH of 8, and $60^{\circ}C$ for one hour. The equilibrium uptake of a direct dye on cotton changed with plasma treatment and plasma-cellulase treatment, and the rate of dyeing slightly decreased. When wool was dyed with acid dye, the equilibrium dye uptake did not change with plasma, protease treatment nor plasma-protease treatment, however, the rate of dyeing had increased with plasma-protease treatment. From these results, it is assumed that plasma attacks the surface of the fiber, and enzyme mainly affects the inner part of the fiber. Plasma treatment did not affect mechanical properties related to the handling of fabrics. The handling test showed increased extension at maxmum load(EM), tensile energy(WT) with decreased tensile resilience (RT), and the fabrics became softer but resilience decreased slightly with enzyme treatment. The bending recidity(B), hysteresis of bending moment(2HB), and hysteresis of shear force at five degrees(2HG5) decreased, however, shear stiffness(G) increased. I knew the plasma pre-treatment made fabrics softer with lower koshi(stiffness). The handling of plasma pre-treated fabrics was better than that of enzyme-treated fabrics. When we pre-treated fabrics, the handling test showed decreased coefficient of friction(MIU), geometrical roughness(SMD), while the surface of fabrics became smoother and numeri increased. Even though compression resilience(RC) increased, fukurami(bulky property) and compressive elasticity, decreased due to the linearity of compression-thickness curve(LC) and compression energy(WC).

• 공업화학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.224-229
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• 2011

입상활성탄에 대한 erythrosine의 흡착특성을 초기농도, 접촉시간 및 흡착온도를 변수로 하여 회분식실험을 통하여 조사하였다. Erythrosine에 대한 흡착동력학적 연구는 298 K에서 초기농도가 100, 250, 500 mg/L인 에리스로신 수용액에 대해 수행하였다. 흡착공정은 유사이차속도식에 잘 맞았으며 유사이차속도상수(k2)는 에리스로신의 초기농도가 높을수록 감소하였다. 에리스로신의 평형흡착관계는 298~318 K의 온도범위에서 Freundlich 등온식이 잘 적용되었다. 흡착자유에너지변화(${\Delta}G^o$), 엔탈피변화(${\Delta}H^o$), 엔트로피변화(${\Delta}S^o$)를 계산하여 본 결과, 표준자유에너지 변화량이 -3.72~-9.62 kJ/mol로 자발적인 공정임을 알았다. 엔탈피변화량이 양의 값을 나타내어 활성탄에 대한 에리스로신 염료의 흡착이 흡열반응임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.3319-3326
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• 2014

Eosin yellow는 유용한 염료나 색소로 사용되지만 유해한 독성을 가진 물질이다. 본 연구에서는 활성탄을 사용하여 eosin yellow를 흡착하는데 필요한 흡착평형과 흡착동역학에 대하여 pH, 초기농도, 접촉시간 등을 변수로 하여 조사하였다. 등온흡착평형관계를 검토한 결과 평가된 Langmuir 상수값, $R_L$=0.067-0.083과 Freundlich 상수값 $\frac{1}{n}=0.237-0.267$로부터 활성탄에 의한 eosin yellow의 흡착조작이 적절한 처리방법이 될 수 있음을 알았고, Temkin 상수값, B=1.868-2.855 J/mol과 Dubinin-Radushkevich 식 상수값, E=5.345-5.735 kJ/mol로부터 흡착공정이 물리흡착공정임을 알았다. 흡착공정에 대한 동력학적 해석을 통해 반응속도식의 적용결과는 유사이차반응속도식이 유사일차반응속도식에 비해 일치도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 입자내확산식에 의해 흡착공정은 경계층확산과 입자내확산의 2단계로 진행되는 것을 알았다.