• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2016

This study examined the dyeability of fabrics dyed with rosemary, mint, sage, and thyme herb extracts. The herb extracts were pulverized and characterized by UV and FT-IR analysis. Dyeing properties of herb colorants on cotton, silk and wool fiber and effect of dyeing conditions on dye uptake were compared. The constituents of four different herbs were shown to be similar to each other. The dye uptake of rosemary and sage were shown to be larger than those of mint and thyme regardless of the fiber types. Affinity of herb colorants to protain fibers was higher than to cellulose fiber. Compared with silk and wool, the dyeability of cotton was the worse, the dye uptake of silk and wool fibers were increased along with dyeing time and dyeing temperature. As the dye uptake increased with increasing of the dye concentration, and its isothermal adsorption curves were langmuir type, indicating that ionic bonding was involved in the adsorption of herb colorants to the fibers.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.312-319
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• 2017

The treatment of dyeing wastewater is not easy because dyes are mainly aromatic, heterocyclic compounds. The most effective technologies and methods to treat dyeing wastewater are costly and involve materials that are difficult to regenerate after use. Therefore, it is necessary to develop cost-effective, eco-friendly technologies to treat dyeing wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of sulfur blue 11 (CI 53235) anionic dye using methyl esterified sericite (ME-sericite) adsorbents in an aqueous solution. The results are discussed in terms of the ME-sericite particle size, temperature, pH value and initial sorption rate according to the initial sulfur blue concentration. In addition, we analyzed the adsorption kinetics using a Pseudo-second-order model with the desorption and reusability. The methyl esterification caused a considerable increase in the specific surface area from 4.45 to $17.62m^2/g$. The ME-sericite adsorbents successfully removed > 98% of the sulfur dye in the aqueous solution. For the adsorption of 1 mg of sulfur dye, approximately 4.6 to 6.6 g/L ME-sericite were required. The desorption process was carried out by mixing a NaOH eluent to desorb 90.56% of the sulfur dye with 2 h of contact time. Thus, the ME-sericite is a promising adsorbent to treat dyeing wastewater due to its low dose requirement, high removal efficiency and inexpensive material.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.224-229
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• 2011

Adsorption characteristics of erythrosine dye onto the activated carbon has been investigated in a batch system with respect to initial concentration, contact time and temperature. Kinetic studies of the adsorption of erythrosine were carried out at 298 K, using aqueous solutions with 100, 250 and 500 mg/L concentration of erythrosine. The adsorption process followed a pseuo second order model, and the adsorption rate constant (k2) decreased with increasing the initial concentration of erythrosine. The equilibrium process can be well discribed by Freundlich isotherm in the temperature range from 298 to 318 K. Free energy of adsorption (${\Delta}G^o$), enthalpy (${\Delta}H^o$), and entropy (${\Delta}S^o$) change were calculated to predict the nature the adsorption. The estimated values for ${\Delta}G^o$ were -3.72~-9.62 kJ/mol over the activated carbon at 250 mg/L, indicated toward a spontaneous process. The positve value for ${\Delta}H^o$ indicates that the adsorption of erythrosine dye on activated carbon is an endothermic process.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-50
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• 2003

Granular clay minerals for adsorption of the organic dye prepared a Na-Bentonite and optimum condition calcined temperature $700^{\circ}C$ and polyvinyl alcohol quantity was 25%. Granular clay mineral stable range was pH3 to pH9 and specific area was $83m^2/g$. The adsorption of the organic dye on the Granular clay mineral showed result good adsorption with acid medium and then enthalpy was -3.36 ~ -0.84 kcal/mol. It was exhibit typical physical adsorption.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 1999

A biosorption of azo and reactive dyes into the intact and modified biomass of Penicillium janthinellum were investigated. Initial pH of medium affected the initial adsorption rate and decolorization. The initial optimum pH was found to be 2.0, and the maximum adsorption rates of dyes were $40^{\circ}C$. The reactive dyes called Apollocion Red 7EB, Apollofix Red SF-3B and Apollocion Red H-E3B showed the high initial adsorption rates as 0.06, 0.086 and 0.079 mg/g.min, respectively. A mixture of dyes containing azo and reactive dyes was adsorbed to the biomass of Pen. janthinellum and revealed that the initial adsorption rate was 0.084 mg/g.min. Both percent decolorization and the influence on the dye adsorption rate. Modified biomass of Pen. janthinellum was also investigated for the dye adsorption and the superior dye loading performance was observed compared with the ion-exchange/chelating resins used for removal of Apollocion Red 7EB.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2008

In this study the effects of swelling and fixing agent for the cotton side of polyester/cotton blended fabrics and the thermosol temperature on the dyeing properties and fastness. were investigated, when the polyester/cotton blended fabrics were dyed with a disperse dye which was able to dye both side of fiber by one bath one step thermosol process. The obtained results are as follows; The dye adsorption decreased with the increase of cotton blend ratio in polyester/cotton blended fabrics, when the ratio of swelling and fixing agent for cotton side was constant. As the thermosol temperature increased up to $210^{\circ}C$, the dye adsorption were increased, but that effect was less significant when the cotton blend ratio was higher.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.179-184
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• 1965

Korean acid clays and Japanese acid clay were 1 N KCl solution and then their acidities were determined by measuring pH of the filtrates produced. And on examining the effect of neutral salt solution, such as KCl, NaCl, $BaCl_2,\;Pb(NO_3)_2\;and\;CuSO_4$, on the acidity, it was found that the effect decreased in order mentioned above and this situation proved to be in accord with Lyotrope series, i.e., the order of $K^+>Na^+>Ba^{++}>Pb^{++}>Cu^{++}.$ And after adsorbing cation, $Al_2O_3\;and\;Fe_2O_3$ which dissolved out of acid clay were measured, with the result that the amounts dissolved out were nearly proportional to acidity. This result accords with Kobayashi and Yamamoto's theory that the cause for acidity of clays is due to the fact that HCl which is formed initially by exchange of cation reacts with solid clay, and then chlorides dissolved out bring about hydrolysis, then resulting in the second formation of HCl. On measuring the rate which acid clay adsorbed dye in aqueous solution of basic and acid dyes, it was found that acid dye had no relation to acidity, and though it was not adsorbed by acid clay, the adsorption rate of basic dye was proportional to acidity. After adsorbing basic dye, pH was proportional to both acidity of solid acid and its adsorption rate of dye. Hence, it was concluded that the adsorption of basic dye was in accord with adsorption mechanism of neutral salt. This study led to find the acidic cause of solid acid and its adsorption mechanism of dye in aqueous solution.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2015

$CoFe_2O_4$ nanotubes and porous nanorods were prepared via a simple one-pot template-free hydrothermal method and were used as an adsorbent for the removal of dye contaminants from water. The properties of the synthesized nanotubes and porous nanorods were characterized by electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray powder diffraction. The Adsorption characteristics of the $CoFe_2O_4$ were examined using polar red dye and the factors affecting adsorption, such as, initial dye concentration, pH and contact time were evaluated. The overall trend followed an increase of the sorption capacity reaching a maximum of 95% dye removal at low pHs of 2-4. An enhancement in the removal efficiency was also noticed upon increasing the contact time between dye molecules and $CoFe_2O_4$ nanoparticles. The final results indicated that the $CoFe_2O_4$ nanotubes and porous nanorods can be considered as an efficient low cost and recyclable adsorbent for dye removal with efficiency 94% for Cobalt ferrite nanotubes and for Cobalt ferrite porous nanorods equals 95%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1314-1320
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• 2001

Dyeing properties of rosemary colorants on wool fabrics were investigated. Reosemary colorants were characterized by UV and FT-IR analysis. Effect of dyeing condition on dye uptake and effect of mordanting on dye uptake, color change of colorfastness were explored. Rosemary colorants showed high affinity to wool fiber and its isotherm adsorption curve was Langmuir type. Therefore, it was considered that ionic bonding was involved in the adsorption of rosemary colorants to wool fiber. Rosemary colarants produced mainly yellowish color on wool fabric. The dyed wool fabrics showed generally high colorfastness except fastness to washing and light. Mordanting did not improve any colorfastness except that Sn mordant improved the light fastness. Bacterial reduction rate was increased up to 100% at 5% dye concentration. Therefore, antimicrobial activity of rosemary extract was confirmed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 1990

Cotton fabrics were mercerized in ammonia water, sodium hydroxide and mixture of ammonia/sodium hydroxide, slack and under tension. X-ray and infrared spectra analyses were used to measure crystallinity of treated cottons. Changes due to swelling, which took place in the accessible regions were determined by moisture regain and dye adsorption. In addition to that crease recovery was compared mutually, and breaking strength-elongation compared, too. Both ammonia water and caustic treatments produced changes in morphology (swollen fibers, decrease in convolutions) and in fine structure of the cellulose (increase accessibility as measured by increased moisture regain, dye adsorption). X-ray diffraction showed partial recrystallization into cellulose III lattic after tension treatment with ammonia water. Both reagents produced increased cotton elongation-at-break with slack mercerization, increased cotton breaking strength with tension mercerization, and increased moisture regain or dye adsorption with slack mercerization.