• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 1992

Using the new type auxiliary(K-1), dyeing experiment was done at the various dyeing conditions and the effects of auxiliary on the dyeing properties of acid milling dye for the silk fiber were dicussed. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The exhaust rate of acid milling dye was increased according to the auxiliary concentration at dyebath pH 7, But the increasing tendency of exhaust rate was decreased above auxiliary concentration 3% o. w. f.. 2. It was the same tendency of exhaust rate at dyebath pH 5, but the diffusion was more powerful at dyebath pH 7 than pH 5. 3. The decreasing ratio of exhaust rate according to dye concentration increasing was lower at auxiliary addition than auxiliary non-addition. 4. The exhaust rate curve according to increasing dyeing temperature showed the inflection point at auxiliary non-addition, but it was not observed in auxiliary addition. Consequently, it seems to be avoid that the occurrence of uneven dyeing at auxiliary addition.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 1992

The effects of benzyl alcohol on the properties of dyeing kinetic of silk fibroin were studied. The acid dye used was C.I. Acid Red 114. The half dyeing time is shorten by addition of benzyl alcohol. The diffusion activation energy is higher with the increase of the solvent. The rate of dyeing at benzyl alcohol addition to the purified silk fibroin is faster than that of the unpurified one.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.270-275
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• 2006

The dyeability of poly(lactic acid) [PLA] with a range of commercial disperse dye was examined and compared to that of poly(ethylene terephthalate) [PET] in addition to the colour and fastness of the resultant dyeings. A screening exercise in which twenty dyes of differing energy types and chemical classes were applied to PLA revealed a substantial variation between the dyes in terms of dye uptake (12-88 % at 4 % o.w.f.). Nine dyes exhausted above 70 % and were selected for further study, which involved comparison of shade and fastness of PLA dyeings with those of the corresponding PET dyeings. Differences in shade depended on hue while wet fastness of each of the PLA dyeings was either the same or 0.5-1.0 point lower than its PET counterpart. In all but one case, dye photostability in PLA was found to be very similar to that in PET. Dye build-up profiles on PLA were also investigated and from these results mixtures of compatible dyes identified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.228-242
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• 2019

This research investigated the effect of mordants on the degradation of madder dye in silk when silk was treated by the H2O2/UV condition as a laboratory simulation of burial induced degradation. Alum, iron, and alum/iron composite mordanting methods were applied to silk before dyeing with madder dye. Dye extracted from silk was examined using HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. The abundance of the chromatogram peak at 8.88 min retention time was used as the concentration of alizarin pigment in silk. K/S values, CIE $L^{\ast}a^{\ast}b^{\ast}$ values; in addition, Munsell HVC values were obtained using a spectrocolorimeter. The findings indicated that alizarin degraded most severely in silk mordanted by alum/iron composite mordanting than alum mordanting or iron mordanting. Mordanting with alum alone provided a relatively lower dye fixation at the point of dyeing; however, it provided a better survival of alizarin after 12 hours of degradation treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.206-217
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• 2011

The dyeing properties of cotton fabrics with bamboo colorants were studied by investigating the analysis of bamboo colorants, the effect of dyeing conditions (dye concentrations, dyeing temperatures and times on dye uptakes), effect of mordants, and color change. The various colorfastness of dyed fabrics were evaluated for practical use; in addition, the antimicrobial ability, ultraviolet-cut ability, and deodorant ability were also estimated. In the UV-Visible spectrum, the wavelength of the maximum absorption for bamboo stems and leaves extracts was found to be 280nm and 295nm, respectively; in addition, bamboo colorants produced a yellow color. From the FT-IR and GC-MS results, it was assumed that the chromophoric substance from bamboo extracts was composed of flavones substances with tricin. An increased dyeing concentration resulted in a larger dye uptake and a Freundlich absorption isotherm was obtained. A larger dye uptake occurred as the dyeing time and temperature increased. The post-mordanting was more effective than pre-mordanting. Mordants, Fe and N.Fe, were effective for an increased dye uptake. The color of fabrics mordanted with Cu and N.Cu changed to GY. Regardless of mordanting, the colorfastness on the washing of dyed fabrics showed a low rating compared to other fastness. Mordanting adversely affected the lightfastness of dyed fabric. The dyed fabric showed very good antimicrobial abilities of 99.9%. In addition, the ultraviolet-cut ability and deodorant ability improved in cotton fabric dyed with bamboo extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.105-109
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• 2016

We prepared a working electrode (WE) with a blocking layer (BL) containing 0 ~ 0.5 wt% Ag nano powders to improve the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). FESEM and micro-Raman were used to characterize the microstructure and phase. UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy was employed to determine the adsorption of the WE with Ag nano powders. A solar simulator and a potentiostat were used to confirm the photovoltaic properties of the DSSC with Ag nano powders. From the results of the microstructural analysis, we confirmed that Ag nano powders with particle size of less than 150 nm were dispersed uniformly on the BL. Based on the phase and adsorption analysis, we identified the existence of Ag and found that the adsorption increased when the amount of Ag increased. The photovoltaic results show that the ECE became 4.80% with 0.3 wt%-Ag addition compared to 4.31% without Ag addition. This improvement was due to the increase of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the BL resulting from the addition of Ag. Our results imply that we might be able to improve the efficiency of a DSSC by proper addition of Ag nano powder to the BL.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.577-585
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• 2001

Dyeing properties of the colorants extracted from pomegranate hull on cotton fabric were investigated. Effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting on dye uptake, color change and colorfastness were explored. Cationic agent treatment was done for cotton to improve low dyeability in natural dyeing. In addition antimicrobial activity of the cotton fabrics dyed with pomegranate colorants was examined by the shake flask method. Pomegranate colorants showed low affinity to cotton fiber and its adsorption isotherm was Freundlich type. Therefore, hydrogen bonding was involved in the adsorption of pomegranate colorants onto cotton fiber. Mordants did not significantly increase dye adsorption. Pomegranate colorants produced mainly yellow color on cotton fabric. In order to improve dye uptake, cotton was cationized by treating with Cationon UK(quarterly ammonium salt) and chitosan. The cationized cotton with Cationon UK showed higher dye uptake and shorter dyeing time, compared with the untreated cotton. Chitosan treated cotton also showed high dye uptake, but chitosan was less effective compared with Cationon UK. Fastness to washing, perspiration, and rubbing was not improved by mordanting and cationizing treatment, but light fastness was increased by all mordants and cationic agent. As dye concentration increased, bacterial reduction rate was increased and mordants did not significantly increase bacterial reduction rate.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2011

One-step reduction/dyeing method was applied for ramie dyeing with natural indigo powder. The effect of reduction/dyeing conditions including the pH of bath, dye temperature and time, and concentration of indigo powder and reduction agent on dye uptake and color properties were investigated. Regardless of addition of alkali, the dyed fabrics appeared in the PB Munsell color range(${\lambda}_{max}$: 660 nm) and the dye uptake was much higher with no addition of sodium hydroxide. Dyeing was carried out through the use of only sodium hydrosulfite in the bath. The maximum dye uptake was obtained at 60 for 30min. Saturated dye uptake was obtained at 2 g/L of sodium hydrosulfite concentration up to 2 g/ L of indigo powder. Whereas, at higher indigo powder concentration (4 g/L), more than 3 g/L of reducing agent concentration was required for obtaining the saturated dye uptake. Color reproducibility was reliable with color difference in the range of 0.03~0.16. Regardless of color strength, fastness to rubbing was acceptable with a 3/4~4/5. Fastness to washing, dry cleaning, and light of samples with low color strength were poor. Whereas, fastness to washing, dry cleaning, and light of samples with high color strength were very good.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.261-269
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• 2015

Two new D-${\pi}$-A dyes were synthesized by the condensation reaction between active methyl and aromatic aldehyde and its biothiol sensing properties in DMSO/water were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy. Upon addition of $Hg^{2+}$, the solution of D-${\pi}$-A dyes showed color change and the absorption band shows a formation of a dye-$Hg^{2+}$ coordination complex. These dyes exhibited high selectivity for $Hg^{2+}$ as compared with other cations. The dye-$Hg^{2+}$ could be recovered by adding glutathion(GSH). The absorption intensity of dye-$Hg^{2+}$ increased only by the addition of glutathione(GSH). The competition experiments revealed that no obvious interference was observed by performing the titration with the mixture of glutathione(GSH) and other amino acids. The results indicated that these D-${\pi}$-A dyes were highly selective for glutathione(GSH) detection.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.178-181
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• 2008

A solar cell based on dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion was studied by investigating the effects of the amount of polyethylene glycol(PEG), added to the $TiO_2$ paste, on surface morphology of the $TiO_2$ films and on the solar cell performance. Energy conversion efficiency was found to increase with PEG addition up to 20 % by weight of $TiO_2$ and then decrease with further addition due to the aggregation of $TiO_2$ nano particles in the $TiO_2$ film. In this study, the best result of dye-sensitized solar cell was the short circuit current(Isc) of $22.6mAcm^{-2}$, the open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.73 V, the fill factor (ff) of 0.55 and the overall energy conversion efficiency (${\eta}$) of 9.1 % under illumination with AM 1.5 simulated sunlight.