• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제63권4호
• /
• pp.314-321
• /
• 2018

Durum (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) is a major crop species cultivated for human consumption worldwide. In Tunisia, salt stress is one of the main problems that limit crop production. 'Mahmoudi' was selected as the most salt-sensitive out of 11 Tunisian durum cultivars. Using the salt-tolerant cultivar 'Om Rabia', resistant and susceptible cultivars were evaluated to compare genetic responses under salt stress. At the fully expanded third leaf stage, salt stress was applied by submerging the pots in 500 mM NaCl for 5 min every day for saline water irrigation in the greenhouse. The treatment was applied for 1 week and salt stress tolerance was determined by changes of growth parameters to the control condition. The salt tolerance trait index and salt tolerance index were calculated and used as selection criteria. The expression levels of TdHKT1;4, TdHKT1;5, and TdSOS1 were examined using qPCR. For further evaluation of physiological responses, salt stress (150 mM NaCl) was additionally applied for 48 h at the fully expanded third-leaf stage. Increased expression of the genes responsible for salt tolerance and proline content in tolerant durum can be used to broaden genetic diversity and provide genetic resources for the durum breeding program.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.392-402
• /
• 1997

듀럼밀(Triticum durum var. hordeiforme 2n=28 AABB)에서 trisomics(2n=28＋1)을 육성하여 외부형태적 형질에 발현되는 양적효과를 조사하였다. Trisomics은 각각의 잉여염색체에 존재하는 유전자의 상호작용에 의해서 외부형태적 형질에 정상식물과 명백히 상이한 양적효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 A및 B의 양 genome에 속하는 동조염색체간에는 서로 유사한 특성을 나타내어 상호 구별짓기가 매우 어려웠다. 이와 같은 현상으로 부터 몇몇의 외부형질에 관여하는 주동유전자의 염색체위치는 동조염색체상에 존재하고 있음이 시사되었으며, 이들은 같은 역할을 하는 동조유전자인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 듀럼밀의 동조성 및 연관군이 동시에 해명된 것으로 보여지며, 본 trisomics은 밀속의 A및 B genome의 각각의 염색체에 관한 유전분석 및 유전자지도 작성을 위한 연구재료로서 유익할 것이다. 또한 빵밀(Triticum aesitivum AABBDD)의 선조종인 듀럼밀(T. durum AABB)과 타루호밀(T. squarrosa DD)의 진화과정 및 비교유전분석상 매우 중요한 소재로서 이용될 것이다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2022

An efficient genetic transformation protocol is a fundamental requirement for high regeneration capacity from cultivated durum wheat (Triticum durum) varieties. In this study, wereportedtheeffectsoftwoauxins,2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid(2,4-D)and4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicoli nicacid(picloram), at a concentration of 2 mg/Laloneandincombination on the embryogenic callus and plantlet regeneration of four durum wheat varieties (Amria, Chaoui, Marouane, and Tomouh) using mature embryos (MEs) and immature embryos (ImEs). Significanteffectsofvariety,culturemedium(theauxinused),andvariety-mediuminteraction were observed on the callus weight and plantlet regeneration of both MR and ImE explants. The medium used for callus induction significantly affected plantlet regeneration (p < 0.001). Comparedto2,4-D, picloram led to a higher plantlet regeneration rate in both ME and ImE explants (19.8% and 40.86%, respectively). Plantlet regeneration also varied significantly depending on the variety and medium used. PicloramledtohighplantletregenerationofbothME and ImE explants in all varieties except Tomouh, which showed high plantlet regeneration of ME explants in 2,4-D. A comparison of ME and ImE responses indicated that ImEs are the best explants for high plantlet regeneration in durum wheat. Ourfindingssuggestthatpicloramisthebestauxin and should be used instead of 2,4-D due to its positive effect on increasing plant regeneration of durum wheat ME and ImE explants.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제68권4호
• /
• pp.343-370
• /
• 2023

Developing improved wheat varieties is vital for global food security to meet the rising demand for food. Therefore, assessing the genetic diversity across wheat genotypes is crucial. This study examined the diversity of 168 durum wheat and 47 common wheat collections from 54 different countries using twelve agro-morphological parameters. Geumgang, a prominent Korean common wheat variety, was used as a control. Both qualitative and quantitative agronomical characteristics showed wide variations. Most durum wheats were shown to possess dense spikes (90%), while common wheats showed dense (40%) or loose (38%) spikes, with yellowish-white being the dominant spike color. The majority of the accessions were awned regardless of wheat type, yellowish-white being the main awn color. White or red kernels were produced, with white kernels dominating in both common (74%) and durum (79%) wheats. Days to heading (DH) and days to maturity (DM) were in the ranges of 166-215 and 208-250 days, respectively, while the culm length (CL), spike length (SL), and awn length (AL) were in the ranges of 53.67-163, 5.33-18.67, and 0.50-19.00 cm, respectively. Durum wheats possessed the shortest average DH, DM, and SL, while common wheat had the longest CL and AL (p < 0.05). Common wheats also exhibited the highest average one-thousand-kernel weight. Hierarchical cluster analysis, aided by principal component analysis, grouped the population into seven clusters with significant differences in their quantitative variables (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this research revealed diversity among common and durum wheat genotypes. Notably, 26 durum wheat and 17 common wheat accessions outperformed the control, offering the potential for developing early-maturing, high-yielding, and lodging-resistant wheat varieties.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.139-142
• /
• 2018

Pyrenophoratritici-repentis is the causal agent of tan spot. According to their ability to produce necrosis and/or chlorosis on a set of four differential bread wheats, the isolates of this fungus are currently grouped into eight races. When durum wheat genotypes were added to the differential set, a new virulence type was identified in Algeria. The isolates showing this virulence pattern are unable to attack bread wheat while they cause necrosis in durum genotypes. In this work, characterization of those isolates was based on pathological and molecular aspects. This included inoculation of bread and durum wheat, and virulence gene analysis using PCR and sequencing. The results showed that all isolates caused a resistance on all bread wheats of the differential set, while they produced necrosis in durum. ToxA and ToxB genes were amplified in all isolates, whereas toxb was absent. Sequence analysis for both genes showed no differences with those found in the two functional genes. The presence of two genes, ToxA and ToxB, despite the absence of symptoms usually caused by their products, suggests the existence of a new homologous for these two genes yet unknown. The presence of ToxA in the isolate unable to produce necrosis in Glenlea is reported for the first time.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제40권10호
• /
• pp.1474-1481
• /
• 2011

부드러운 식감을 선호하는 소비자들의 기호에 맞는 맞춤형 우리밀 파스타 제조의 일환으로 durum wheat rimachinata에 우리밀가루 0, 15, 30, 45 및 60%를 대체하여 제조한 파스타의 물리 화학적 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 입도분포는 우리밀이 250 ${\mu}M$ 이하의 작은 입자가 전체의 87.03%를 차지하며, durum rimachinata는 250 ${\mu}M$ 이상이 68.70%를 나타내었다. 일반성분은 durum rimachinata에서 단백질과 회분이 각각 13.84${\pm}$0.03, 0.70${\pm}$0.02로 우리밀보다 높게 나타났다. 반죽의 farinograph 특성은 우리밀의 대체량이 증가할수록 수분흡수율은 증가하고 반죽형성시간은 높게 나타났고, 안정도와 연화도는 증가하였다. Amylograph 특성은 우리밀의 대체량이 증가할수록 호화개시온도는 상승하고, 최고점도는 감소하였으나 우리밀 30% 대체까지는 550 B.U. 이상으로 면류제품의 물성변화에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 조리특성은 우리밀 대체량 15% 미만에서 중량, 부피, 수분흡수율, 탁도 및 조리손실율이 대조구와 유사하여 부드럽고, 탄력성이 있는 파스타 면을 만들 수 있었다. 색도는 우리밀 대체량이 증가할수록 L값과 a값은 증가하였고, b값은 감소하였다. 물성측정 결과 조리면의 경도 및 점착성은 우리밀 대체 30% 이상에서 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 탄력성, 검성, 씹힘성은 높은 값을 나타내었다. 전반적인 기호도는 대조구가 가장 높게 나타났으나 우리밀 대체 45% 이상에서 높은 기호도를 나타내었다. 따라서 우리밀을 대체한 파스타의 제조시 반죽 및 조리특성에서는 우리밀 15% 대체수준이 적합하나 조리된 파스타의 기계적 물성측정 및 관능평가 결과에서는 30% 대체 이상에서 높게 나타났다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.354-359
• /
• 2011

Chemotype composition of Fusarium graminearum strains, isolated from durum wheat kernels from naturally FHB infected fields in Northern and Central Italy, was investigated by multiplex PCR. The different climatic and environmental conditions of the two examined areas separated by the Apennines affected the composition of chemotypes. 15Ac-DON chemotype was predominant in both the sub areas. Nivalneol chemotype was more frequent in the warmer sub area.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2004

To determine the optimum mixing conditions of home made pasta with chives, samples were prepared with various compounding ratios of Durum wheat semolina (99, 198 and 297g), chive paste (27, 45 and 63g) and egg (72, 81 and 90g) using a central composite design, and sensory evaluations were performed and considered using a response surface methodology. The optimum mixing rates of Durum wheat semolina, chive paste and egg were 191.10, 45.53 and 80.98g for color, 149.00, 47.00 and 73.24g for flavor, 185.06, 43.99 and 81.18g for elasticity, and 188.69, 42.32 and 82.36g for overall quality. These results show that Chive paste effect the color and flavor, and Durum wheat semolina and egg effect the elasticity and overall quality.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 1991

A combination of acerocarininc-Wright C-banding technique was utilized to identify each chromosomes in durum wheat ,Triticum durum var. Hordeiforme (2n=4x=28 AABB), This technique elucidated qualitativr and quantitative traits of the indi-vidual chromosomes In coinplement. Most comspicuous bands were observed at thecentromere of B-genome chronmosomes. Each chromosomes of A-genome had some-what weak centromeric, proximal and terminal bands. Chromosomes 2A and 4A hasa small subterminal bands. 6A is smallest and metacentric chromosome and , has two faint interstitial band. Chromosomes 1B and 6B showed satellite and constriction lage band. Short arm of 3B has three heavily interstitial bands. Both arms of chromosome 4B has a lagc centromeric band and a very lage proximal band. 5B had heavilycentromeric band and the long arm showed prominent two interstitial bands. Chromo-somes 25 and 7B has a small terminal band of both arms.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2022

Fusarium culmorum is one of the most important causal agents of root rot of wheat. In this study, 10 F. culmorum isolates were collected from farms located in five agro-ecological regions of Morocco. These were used to challenge 20 durum wheat genotypes via artificial inoculation of plant roots under controlled conditions. The isolate virulence was determined by three traits (roots browning index, stem browning index, and severity of root rot). An alpha-lattice design with three replicates was used, and the resulting ANOVA revealed a significant (P < 0.01) effect of isolate (I), genotype (G), and G × I interaction. A total of four response types were observed (R, MR, MS, and S) revealing that different genes in both the pathogen and the host were activated in 53% of interactions. Most genotypes were susceptible to eight or more isolates, while the Moroccan cultivar Marouan was reported resistant to three isolates and moderately resistant to three others. Similarly, the Australian breeding line SSD1479-117 was reported resistant to two isolates and moderately resistant to four others. The ICARDA elites Icaverve, Berghisyr, Berghisyr2, Amina, and Icaverve2 were identified as moderately resistant. Principal component analysis based on the genotypes responses defined two major clusters and two sub-clusters for the 10 F. culmorum isolates. Isolate Fc9 collected in Khemis Zemamra was the most virulent while isolate Fc3 collected in Haj-Kaddour was the least virulent. This work provides initial results for the discovery of differential reactions between the durum lines and isolates and the identification of novel sources of resistance.