• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.570-578
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• 1991

The spontaneous pneumothorax is the sudden collapse of the lung usually by air leakage from the ruptured sub-pleural bleb and has high recurrence rate. For prevention against recurrence, many drugs such as tetracycline, talcum powder, quinacrine, etc. have been used but the effects are not satisfactory. We reduced the recurrence rate successfully by the fibrin glue instillation through the chest tube. From the January 1989 to September 1990, we have managed 65 patients of spontaneous pneumothorax with closed thoracostomy and fibrin glue[fibrinogen 1gm/50ml with approtinin 3, 000kIU /ml, thrombin 5, 000IU /ml in 3% each 10ml] instillation through the chest tube. And we compared the results with those of 106 patients of spontaneous pneumothorax who were managed only by the closed thoracostomy from January 1985 to December 1988. Only the patients who visited our hospital with recurrence were considered as the recurred cases but the others were considered as not recurred. And the removal of chest tubes usually done 3 days after cessation of air leakage or 2 days after fibrin glue instillation Statistical analysis was done by X2-test. The results were as followings: 1. The recurrence rate of fibrin glue instillation group was lower than that of non-instillation group[1st attack: 15.1% versus 27.6% p<0, 05, the 2nd attack: 33.3% versus 73.7% p<0.01, the total 18.5% versus 35.8% p<0.01]. 2. The mean duration of chest tube drainage in the fibrin glue instillation group was shorter than non-instillation group[4.24$\pm$1.36 days versus 4.48$\pm$1.73 days p<0.05]. 3. The mean duration of hospitalization was shorter in the instillation group [8.12$\pm$3.5 days versus 10.8$\pm$3.8 days p<0.05] The complications were transient mild fever, chest pain, pleural effusion in 46 cases of 65 patients, but those didn`t make any problem. We concluded that the fibrin glue is effective in the reduction of recurrence rate, obliteration of air leakage and duration of hospitalization.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.433-445
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• 2017

In recent years, the United States has used the Load Duration Curve (LDC) method to identify water pollution problems, considering the size of the pollutant load in the entire stream flow condition to effectively evaluate Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). A study on the improvement of the target water quality evaluation method was carried out by comparing evaluations of two consecutive years of water quality and LDC data for 41 unit watersheds (14 main streams and 27 tributaries). As a result, the achievement rate of the target water quality evaluation method, according to current regulations, was 68-93%, and that by the LDC method was 82-93%. Evaluating the target water quality using the LDC method results in a reduction in the administrative burden and the total amount of planning as compared to the current method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.7A
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• pp.569-580
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• 2012

In this paper, an enhanced initial ranging algorithm for large-cell coverage fixed wireless communication system is proposed. In typical wireless communication system such as WiBro, because a round-trip delay between a transmitter and a receiver is within one OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol duration, a frequency-domain differential correlation method is generally used. However, the conventional method cannot be applied due to an increase of a maximum time delay in large-cell system. In case of an accumulative differential method, estimation errors can occur because of frequent sign transitions. In this paper, therefore, we propose an algorithm which can estimate a total timing offset in a ranging channel structure for 15 km cell. The proposed method can improve performance by sign comparison based sign error correction rule between the estimated values and using a weighting scheme based on channel correlation, the number of accumulations, and the noise reduction effect in normalization process. Also, it can estimate the integer timing offset of symbol duration by comparing peak-powers after compensating for the fractional timing offset of symbol duration.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 1989

Traditional herbal drugs of Korea, namely, Atractylodes Rhizome(蒼朮) and Atractylodes Rhizome White(白朮) which are derived from and old-grown rhizome and a newly-grown rhizome of Atractylodes japonica Koidz.(Compositae), respectively, were investigated their potential liver-protective activities against hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. Each herbal drug was extracted separately with chloroform, methanol and butanol. No extract of Atractylodes Rhizome showed a significant reduction of the duration of hypnosis produced by hexobarital after $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. In addition, the the treatments of Atractylodes Rhizome extracts produced no decrease of aspartate aminotransferase(EC 2.6.1.1) activity in serum. However, the methanol extract of Atractylodes Rhizome White exhibited a marked protection from hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. It produced significant reductions of the duration of hypnosis and serum enzyme activity, but no other extract showed liver-protective activity against $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.12
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• pp.2272-2293
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• 2011

Communication technology of future networks is predicted to provide a large variety of services including WiFi service in vehicular network. In this paper, we assume that vehicles are embedded with WiMAX antenna and in-vehicle terminals receive WiMAX traffic through WiFi interface. This assumption will impose severe performance degradation due to interference among mobile BSSs when WiFi access points (APs) are densely located. Existing interference avoidance techniques cannot properly resolve the above problems and do not cope with dynamically moving vehicular scenario since they focus only on the fixed network topology. In this paper, we propose a mobility-aware interference avoidance scheme for WiFi services. The proposed scheme computes the interference duration by exploiting mobility vector and location information of neighboring APs. If the interference duration is not negligible, our scheme searches for another channel in order to avoid interference. However, if the interference duration is negligible, our scheme continues to use the channel to reduce switching overhead. To measure the effectiveness of the proposed scheme against other existing techniques, we evaluated performance by using OPNET simulator. Through the simulation, we obtained about 60% reduction in the maximum interference frequency and about 67% improvement in throughput. Furthermore, our scheme provides fair channel usage.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1131-1137
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• 2004

With the recent continuous expansion of subways, newly created subways tend to have lower locations and wider sections. Furthermore. since box structures and evacuating tunnels are classified into a category of mass-concrete. the thermal-stress, emitted from the inside. causes cracks to structures from the inception of constructing. In this paper, thermal-stress analysis and durability evaluation of box structure were carried out to investigate relationship between durability and parameter causing the heat of hydration. Through the examination, this paper tries to find out satisfactory solutions to regulated thermal crack and ensure the required duration period. The results of this paper showed that to control thermal crack and guarantee the required duration period it was more effective to use low-heat-portland cement and moderateheat-portland cement. As cement volume due to reduction of water-cement ratio increased, the possibility of thermal cracks occurrence increased but results of durability evaluation was different depending on evaluation method. The results showed that the appropriate water-cement ratio to control the heat of hydration and satisfy the required durability was $45\∼55\%$. And it was showed that during placement of concrete blocks ambient temperature affect the heat of hydration. thermal crack and long-term durability largely and when concrete was placed at low temperature to control thermal crack. it need to try to guarantee the required duration period. Henceforth, by studying not only internal and external conditions, such as the relative humidity and the unit weight. but also methods, to evaluate durability, in accordance with domestic situations, more reasonable design of durability should be achieved.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2016

Background: The objective of the present study was to examine the status of patients who had received dental treatment under intravenous (IV) sedation at Chungnam Dental Clinic for the Disabled in Korea from its inception to the present time, and to review the analysis results. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 305 cases of patients who had received dental treatments under IV sedation between January 2011 and May 2016. The analysis examined the patient's sex, age, primary reason for IV sedation, duration of anesthesia and dental treatment, type of dental treatment performed, number of clinical departments involved in the dental treatment and level of multidisciplinary cooperation, and annual trends. Results: Most dental treatments using intravenous sedation were performed on medically disabled patients or dentally disabled patients with an extreme gag reflex or dental phobia. The mean duration of IV sedation was 72.5 min, while the mean duration of treatment was 58.0 min. The types of dental treatments included surgical treatment (n = 209), periodontal treatment (n = 28), prosthodontic treatment (n = 28), restorative treatment (n = 23), implant surgery (n = 22), endodontic treatment (n = 9), reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation (n = 1), and treatment of traumatic injuries (n = 1), with treatments mostly performed on adult patients. Conclusions: With increasing demand for minimally painful treatment, cases using IV sedation are on an upward trend and are expected to continue to increase.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2012

Objectives: This study explored the relationships between Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Body Mass Index(BMI), Age, pain duration outcomes of treatment for Low Back Pain(LBP) in 3 groups(normal,osteopenia,osteoporosis) of female patients. Methods: We evaluated 32 cases of normal, 30 cases of osteopenia and 38 cases of osteoporosis based on BMD, BMI, Age, pain duration among the female inpatients with LBP caused by lumbar disc herniation, admitted at Jaseng Hospital of Oriental Medicine from January 2010 to December 2011. And we measured VNRS(Verbal Numeric Rating Scale) to evaluate the conservative treatment effects. Results: In improvement of female LBP caused by lumbar disc herniation, BMD(T-score), BMI had not proved correlation(P-value>0.05). Female patients' age was negatively correlated with T-score. In pain improvement, BMD normal group showed more reduction of NRS(numeric rating scale) than osteoporosis group, but that had not proved correlation(p-value=0.893). Conclusions: Statically, among the female inpatients with LBP caused by lumbar disc herniation, had no significant differences between the normal group, osteopenia group and osteoporosis group's improvement rate, depending on treating period.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 1981

A 2-year field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of early and late soybean (Clycine max Merr) seeding times on competitive relationships between soybeans and annual weeds. Soybeans were planted on May 20 and June 20. Durations of weed competition and weed control were 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after planting sad for full growing season. Dominant weeds were Portulaca oleracia, Centipeda minima, Rorippa cantonienais, Chenopodium album, Acalypha australis, Echinochloa crusgalli, and Digitaria sanguinalis. The dry weight of weeds increased with extended competition, especially at early seeding time of soybeans. Soybean yields were decreased as duration of weed competition was extended. More severe yield reduction occurred at late-planted soybeans with early stage weed competition but at early-planted soybeans when weeds competed with soybeans for a 2 weeds and full growing season. The dry weight of weeds emerged after weeding was decreased at early and late seeding times of soybeans as duration of weed control was prolonged. Soybean yields decreased with shortening duration of weed control end this trend of yield reduction was slightly more remarkable at late-planted soybeans than at early-planted soybeans. Late-planted soybeans were required longer than 6 weeks of weed control period to achieve maximum yield as compared to early-planted soybeans.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.655-663
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• 2017

It is difficult to manage hotspot area and to establish the reduction plan considering with spatial-distribution on Korea TMDLs (Total Maximun Daily Loads) system. To solve this problems, methods of Load Duration Curve (LDC) using long-term flow and water quality data, and spatial-analysis were applied on present TMDLs. Jinwi A watershed which is enforced TMDLs plan were selected to study area. Results of application of suggested methods in this study to Jinwi watershed, Hwangguji tributary was selected to hotspot area and Jinwi tributary was exclued. Also, middle area of Hwangguji tributary was needed a reduction plan for the protection of non-point source pollution. In downstream area, livestock manure should be managed additionally. The new methods suggested in this study were useful to increase healthiness for total watershed.