• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2001

In order to investigate duration of session in static GPS method, data from a network of 7 points, with baseline length of from 64 km to 358 km, were processed. The network were observed by Trimble 4000SSE and Trimble 4000SSi with duration of 24 hours. Data extracted from this session were processed as if they were measured in 3, 6, 9 ... 21, and 24 hours session. The results (Baselines, Sloop Closures, Coordinates, and Standard errors of coordinates) of these sessions were compared to 24 hours one. Some conclusions were made, which seem to be useful in selection of duration for the same dimension GPS network for different purposes.

• 대기
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.391-402
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• 2014

This study investigated the performances of precipitable water vapor (PWV) retrieval from the sets of ground global positioning system (GPS) signals, each of which had different length of observing-session duration, for the purpose of obtaining as short session duration as possible that is required at the least for appropriate retrieval of the PWV for meteorological usage. The shorter duration is highly desirable to make the most use of the GPS instrument on board the mobile observation vehicle making measurements place by place. First, using Bernese 5.0 software the PWV retrieval was conducted with the data sets of GPS signals archived continuously in 30 seconds interval during 2-month period of January and February, 2012 at Bukgangneung site. Each of the PWVs produced independently using different session durations was compared to that of radio-sonde launched at the same GPS location, a Bukgangneung site. Second, the same procedure was done using the data sets obtained from the mobile observation vehicle that was operating at Boseong area in Jeonnam province during Changma observation campaign in 2013, and the results were compared to that at Bukgangneung site. The results showed that as the observing-session duration increased the retrieval errors decreased with the dramatic change happening between 3 and 4 hours of the duration. On average, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the retrieved PWV was around 1 mm for the durations of greater than 4 hours. The results at both the Bukgangneung (fixed site) and Boseong (mobile vehicle) seemed to be fairly comparable with each other. From this study it is believed that at least 4 hours of observing-session duration is needed for the retrieval of PWV from the ground GPS for meteorological usage using Bernese 5.0 software.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권5A호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2003

셀룰러 CDMA 시스템에서 보다 효과적인 소프트웨어 다운로드가 되기 위해, 영역 기반 세션수락제어 기법이 제안된다. 제안 방식에서 기지국은 단말이 셀의 기지국 근처에 위치할 때만 세션 시작을 허용한다. 단말의 위치가 셀의 기지국 근처이면 소프트웨어 다운로드 요구를 허용하고, 셀의 경계에 위치한 경우는, 셀의 근처로 올 때까지 기다려서, 소프트웨어 다운로드를 시도하도록 함으로서, 소프트웨어 다운로드 중 셀간 핸드오프가 일어나는 빈도를 줄여, 핸드오프 세션의 강제절단확률을 줄이는 방식이다. 세션지속시간의 분포함수로서 지수분포와 Pareto 분포를 고려하여 핸드오프 빈도, 평균 채널점유시간, 세션 블록킹 확률, 핸드오프 세션의 강제 절단 확률 관점에서 성능을 분석하였다. 성능분석 결과 단말 이동속도, 세션 요구 허용 지역의 크기, 핸드오프 전용 채널 수 등의 트래픽 특성에 따라 다르지만, 분석을 위해 가정한 파라미터 값을 기준으로, 기존 방식에 비해 30 ～ 250% 정도의 핸드오프 빈도를 줄일 수 있게 된다. 또한 신규세션의 블록킹 확률은 5 ~ 20% 정도 줄이지만, 핸드오프세션의 강제절단률은 35% ~ 220%까지 줄일 수 있게 됨을 알 수 있다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2001

Objective: The purpose of study was to compare physical therapy duration in relation tohealth care organization system in patients with low back pain. Subjects: Subjects of this study were 759 patients who are receiving physical therapy at 56 health care organization. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaire that had been completed by patients and physical therapist for two months. Physical therapy procedures consisted of modality application, manual therapy, active therapeutic exercise, and patient education. Physical therapy session duration was investigated for each physical therapy procedure. Data were analyzed in relation to the university hospital, hospital, and clinic. Results: The mean age of subjects was $42.84{\pm}15.46$. There were no significant differences in age among three groups. The number of patients diagnosed with herniated disc were 244(32.15%) and with mechanical low back pain was 187(24.64%). The mean treatment duration per day was 53.22 minutes, and the longest treatment duration was 61.28 minutes at the university hospitals (p<0.001). The mean modality application duration was 42.17 minutes, and the longest application duration was 46.26 minutes at the university hospitals (p<0.001). The mean duration for manual therapy was 5.11 minutes, and the longest treatment duration was 5.97 minutes at clinics. The mean duration for active therapeutic exercise was 4.16 minutes. It was 7.60 minutes at the university hospitals, and 2.48 minutes at clinics. There was a significant difference in active therapeutic exercise duration between university hospitals and clinics(p<0.001). For modalities, hot packs(89.33%) and interferential current therapy(60.87%) were mostly applied. For manual therapy, Soft tissue mobilization(32.93%) and manipulation(14.10%) were mostly applied. In general, treatment application duration was longer at University hospital (p<0.05). For therapeutic exercise, exercise without equipment(18.84%) and muscle strengthening (16.73%) were mostly performed. The longest treatment duration for therapeutic exercise was 7.60 minutes at the university hospital(p<0.05). Conclusion: physical therapy session duration for low back pain was 53.22 minutes. Modality application constitutes 79%, manual therapy 10%, active therapeutic exercise 8% of total treatment duration. It is concluded that patients do not participate actively in treatment procedures.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

[Purpose] We determined the effect of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) after an exercise session on exercise performance on the following morning. [Methods] Eleven male athletes performed either a normal sleep trial (CON) or a PSD trial. On the first day (day 1), all subjects performed an exercise session consisting of 90 min of running (at 75% ${\dot{V}}O_{2max}$) followed by 100 drop jumps. Maximal strength (MVC) was evaluated before and after exercise. In the CON trial, the sleep duration was 23:00-7:00, while in the PSD trial, the sleep duration was shortened to 40% of the regular sleep duration. On the following morning (day 2), MVC, the metabolic responses during 20 min of running (at 75% ${\dot{V}}O_{2max}$), and time to exhaustion (TTE) at 85% ${\dot{V}}O_{2max}$ were evaluated. [Results] On day 2, neither the MVC nor ${\dot{V}}O_2$ during 20 min of running differed significantly between the two trials. However, the respiratory exchange ratio was significantly lower in the PSD trial than in the CON trial (p = 0.01). Moreover, the TTE was significantly shorter in the PSD trial than in the CON trial (p = 0.01). [Conclusion] A single night of PSD after an exercise session significantly decreased endurance performance without significantly changing muscle strength or cardiopulmonary response.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.210-213
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• 1998

Background: Epidural steroid therapy has been well-established for the treatment of sciatica and low back pain. Disappointing results following surgical decompression or discectomy have led to wide trials of corticosteroids injected either systemically or into the intraspinally. Although epidural steroid is known to be very effective in the treatment of the patients with low back pain, few data showed the therapeutic duration of epidural steroid. Methods: We studied 120 patients who were treated with epidural steroid for the treatment of low back pain or sciatica or both. We retrospectively analysed the duration of analgesia, number of injections per each session, and complications. Results: The duration of analgesia ranged from 17 days to 300 days, and the mean duration was $73.7{\pm}70.5$ (SD) days. The mean number of injections per each session was $1.8{\pm}1.3$ (range: 1 to 12). There were no significant complications with epidural steroid injections. Conclusions: One to three epidural steroid injections at one week interval leads more than two months of pain relief without significant complications.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.193-196
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• 2000

A new medium access control protocol is proposed to support stable wireless Internet services. Using the characteristics of the uplink Internet traffic and a Voice-Packet multi-session mode, the proposed protocol transmits the uplink Internet traffic via the voice traffic channel of silent duration in a multi-session mode. Out simulation results show that the proposed protocol guarantees stable wireless Internet services under heavy loads.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pelvic and lower extremity exercise on the gait in 25 patients(11 men, 14 women) with hemiplegia. Their mean age was 65.2 years and the mean post-onset duration was 8.7 months. Each participant received a total of 15 sessions of PNF(five times per week), and each session lasted 40 minutes and consisted of 2 procedures(20 minutes each). The first procedure was pelvic anterior elevation and posterior depression pattern. And the second procedure was lower extremity flexion-adduction with knee flexion pattern. Results showed significant progressive improvement in gait speed and cadence after each 5 session period(5th, 10th, 15th session) compared with pre-treatment data(P<0.05). Furthermore improvements were noted in stride length.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-35
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of breast-feeding education on skills, attitude, and duration of breast-feeding among primipara mothers. The educational session was offered during the period of June through September at the T medical center in T city. One hundred thirteen primiparas were selected for this study, 61 who received breast-feeding education(lecture, demonstration, and additional telephone counselling) served as the experimental group and 52 who did not as the control. Data collection was done by self-reporting method. the reliability of the instrument was from .77 to .87. Duration of breast-feeding was classified into I through V according to the WHO classification at the time point of 4 weeks of postpartum. The results were as follows : 1. The score for the experimental group on the skills of breast-feeding techniques was significantly higher than those of the control(t=9.12, p=.000). 2. The score for the experimental group in the attitude toward breast-feeding was significantly higher than those of the control(t=6.12, p=.000). 3. Duration of breast-feeding for the experimental group was significantly longer than that of the control at the time of 4 weeks of postpartum($x^2$=20.79, p=.001). In conclusion, the breast-feeding practice can be promoted effectively through the breast-feeding education.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 실시간 동작 환경인 VoIP에 적용 가능한 스팸 대응 기법으로서 예측 평판도 시스템을 제안한다. VoIP 스탬을 차단하기 위한 연구가 다양하게 진행되고 있지만, VoIP 스팸 대응을 위한 기존 기법들은 사용자의 직접적인 개입으로 인한 사용자 불편성, 실시간 동작으로 인한 세션 설립 시간 지연 및 시스템 과부하 등과 같은 문제가 있다. 제안 기법은 발신자의 세션 설립 주기와 수신자의 통화시간을 기준으로 통계적 방법을 이용하여 평판도를 계산하는 시스템이다. 제안 기법은 사용자의 직접적인 개입이 없기 때문에 사용자의 불편성 문제를 해결할 수 있으며, 실시간 동작을 요구하지 않고 세션 설립 전에 통계적 방법으로 발신자의 평판도를 계산하기 때문에 실시간 동작 환경인 VoIP에서 효과적으로 SPIT에 대응할 수 있다.