• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.213-219
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• 1993

수술후 통증관리에 있어서 경막외 buprenorphine의 유용성을 알아보기 위하여 상복부 수술을 받은 환자에 있어서 morphine 2 mg 및 4 mg, buprenorphine 0.15 mg, 및 0.3 mg을 경막외로 각각 투여하여 혈압과 맥박의 변화, 작용발현기간, 작용 지속 시간, 부작용의 발생을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 모든 군에서 혈압 및 맥박의 유의한 변동은 초래하지 않았다. 2) 작용 발현은 morphine 2 mg군에서는 약물 주입후 30분에, 나머지 군에서는 15분에 유의하게 나타났다. 3) 진통 지속 시간은 morphine 2 mg 군에서는 $10.79{\pm}3.64$시간이었고, morphine 4 mg군에서는 $21.13{\pm}4.36$시간, buprenorphine 0.15 mg군에서는 $15.19{\pm}3.12$시간, buprenorphine 0.3 mg군에서는 $33.94{\pm}3.97$시간이었다. 4) 부작용의 발생은 buprenorphine군에서 오심, 구토가 많았으며, 졸림증이 현저하게 많았고, 소양감과 배뇨 곤란은 morphine군에서 많았다. 이상의 결과로 수술후의 통증관리에 있어서 경막외로의 buprenorphine주입은 유용한 방법이며, 경막 외 morphine에 비해 장점과 단점을 아울러 포함하고 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2017

Peripheral nerve blocks are commonly used for surgical anesthesia, postoperative analgesia, and to reduce opioid requirements. Although these blocks have traditionally been carried out using local anesthetics, single-injection techniques can be short-lived and limited by the relatively brief duration of action of currently available local anesthetics. Increasing the dose or concentration of local anesthetics may prolong the duration of analgesia, but may also increase the risk such as unwanted motor weakness or systemic toxicity of local anesthetics. Numerous adjuvant medications have been added to local anesthetics to prolong the durations of anesthesia and analgesia achieved by peripheral nerve blocks, and currently, a number of different adjuvants are used to improve quality of the block. This article will review the several nerve block adjuvants used in combination with local anesthetics to provide blockade of peripheral nerves in clinical practice, describing the rationale for their use in peripheral nerve blocks, and the evidence for their effectiveness.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 1988

Continuous cervical epidural anesthesia with two different concentrations of bupivacaine had been performed in 43 cases for surgery of upper extremity and cervical spine. After the initial dose of 0.33% bupivacaine 15ml to Group I(n=22) and 0.5% bupivacaine 15ml to Group II(n=21) was injected respectively, we observed the circulatory and pulmonary functions to be changed, and evaluated the duration of those analgesic action. The number of spinal segment to be affected and the complications were checked. Statistical significance of changes after the initial dose in both groups was determined by student's t-test. All values are impresed as mean$\pm$1S.D.. The results were as follows: 1) Circulatory functions; Systolic B.P. and Pulse rate were decreased by 10~15torr and 5~6 beats per minute respectively between 10~30 minutes following the initial dose, which were statistically significant in both groups. 2) Pulmonary functions; The diminution of minute volume showed to 20% and a rise of $PaCO_2$ level to 5~6 torr respectively between 30~60 minutes following the initial dose, which were statistically significant in both groups. There were no significant changes in self respiration and respiratory rate in both groups. 3) The duration of analgesic action was $72.3{\pm}25.7$(min) in Group I and $83.5{\pm}28.5$(min) in Group II which was not statistically significant between two groups, and the number of affected spinal segment at ore hour following the Anesthusia was $8.7{\pm}2.0$ in Group I and $10.5{\pm}2.4$ in Group II which was statistically significant between two groups. 4) Complications; a. Hypotension(below 80torr in systolic pressure) was appeared in 5% of all patients. b. Bradycardia(below 60 beats per minutes) was appeared in 25% of all patients. c. Inadvertent dural puncture was developed in only one patient, In conclusion, the 0.33% bupivacaine as well as 0.5% bupivacaine were enough for those analgesic effect in the above mentioned surgery even though the duration of analgesic action was about 10 minutes shorter in Group I than that of Group II. The cardiopulmonary function was clinically rather stable in Group I than that of Group II. Therefore we thought 0.33% bupivacaine was satisfactory for the clinical practicality in the cervical epidural anesthesia.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.386-389
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• 1996

The in vivo behaviour of phenylephrine hydrochloride in different vehicles like gels of Carbopol $907^circledR$, Carbopol $934P^circledR$ and latex system of cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate(CAHP) was evaluated by measuring the reduction in intraocular pressure and the mydriatic activity. The parameters that haave been utilised to assess the performance of the formulations were the area under the curve (AUC), the maximum mydriasis $(I_{max})$, ethe time of maximum response $(T_{max})$ and the duration of activity (D). The influence of viscosity and mucoadhesion on the bioavailability parameters has also been investigated. Carbopol 934P and CAHP formulations showed prolonged duration of action and greater AUC compared to Carbopol 907 aqueous solution(P<0.05).

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1424-1430
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• 2007

Corrugated structural plate is ductile structural member which has high sectional properties compared with same thickness of plate. Corrugated plate resists the external forces by the combined action of retained soils and structures. Since it is easy to transport and assemblage of in-situ, the duration and cost of construction can be reduced. Corrugated plate structures, therefore, are widely used in culverts, hydro passages and simple bridges. RC culvert with supported by unstable soil layersin railway construction project of pohang${\sim}$samchuk has been replaced by corrugated plate culvert due to the reduction of construction duration and cost, especially the performance of behavior of settlement of ground. The structural analysis, design processes, and the economic advantages of the corrugated plate culvert are studied in this paper.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1973

It is said that the chinese medicine, Ginseng root has some effects on the central nervous system . Ginseng saponin was prepared from Ginseng methanol extract and its effect on general behavioral activity was studied in rats. Each experimental group was composed of 8 rats. The behavioral activity of rats was observed in terms of 7 components i.e. sleeping, lying, grooming, rearing, walking, eating and drinking. In each group, total duration of behavior-observation was 2 hours, which were devided into four 30 min-intervals. The behavior-observation was done 10 times for each interval, so total number of observation was 40 times throughout 2 hours. Ginseng sapoain showed central nervous system stimulant action in reduced sleeping component and in increased activity components. From the results of this study, it is suggested that Ginseng saponin inhibits the extrapyramidal action of chlorpromazine.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 1984

A ginseng preparation (GP) consisting of ginseng ex., lycium fructus ex., four kinds of vitamines and caffein was evaluated for acute toxicity and general pharmacology. Average lethal doses $(LD_{50})$ of GP in male mice were 2,988mg/kg (i.p.) and more than 3g/kg (p.o.). In dosage of 300 and 900mg/kg (p.o.) showed no analgesic activity in both tests of the writhing method induced by acetic acid and of tail pressure method and no effect on the pentetrazole-induced convulsion. However, it appeared to have a hypothermic action only in dose of 900mg/kg. The duration of hypnosis induced by hexobarbital sodium in mice was shortened by GP, being probably due to caffein. GP Produced no marked contraction of isolated ileum and uterus in high concentrations of up to $1{\pm}10^{-3}g/ml$. These results suggested that GP did not show any considerable central nervous depressant activity and exhibited very weak actue toxicity in mice.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find out midaged women's crisis and ways to overcome it. Another purpose is to improve their qualities of life and to provide basic data to develop their potentials. The results are as follows: First, it shows that socio-demographic characteristics have a significant influence on midaged women's crisis. Those variables include religion, jobs, family-life cycle, income, marriage duration, age, and supporting parents. Second, the variables significantly influencing the coping behavior with the crisis include age, income, religion, marriage patterns, region, marriage duration, family-life cycle, and supporting parents. Third, as a result of this research, their negative expression of action or emotion was higher as they were getting old. The general tendency was that an emotional crisis level was low when rational coping behaviors were high. Therefore, self-esteem or social activity improvement programs should be developed for midaged women.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권10호
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• pp.1951-1958
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to analyze the performance of digital low-pass differentiators(LPD) and then to provide a method to select effective LPD filter, for detecting spikes of surface motor unit action potentials(MUAP). The successful spike detection of MUAPs is a first important step for EMG signal decomposition. The performances of simple and weighted LPD(SLPD and WLPD) filters are analyzed based on different filter lengths and varying MUAPs from simulated surface EMG signals. The SNR improving coefficient and effective MUAP duration range from the analysis results can be used to select proper LPD filters under the varying conditions of surface EMG.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.135-147
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• 1990

In order to investigate experimentally the clinical effects. of $Tae{\breve{u}}min$ Chungpaesagan-Tang (太陰人 淸肺瀉肝湯) that was prescribed to cure the $Kansuy{\breve{o}}lriy{\breve{o}}lby{\breve{o}}ng$ (肝受熱裏熱病) of $Tae{\breve{u}}min$, the author experimented various activities of mixed extract from $Tae{\breve{u}}min$ Chungpaesagan-Tang by the methods prescribed in the experimental part. The results of the studies were summarized as follows; 1. In the acetic acid method experiment and the pressing hind paw method experiment, analgesic effects were noted. 2. The prolongation of the duration of hypnosis induced by Pen to barbital-sodium was noted. 3. Spontaneous movement of the isolated mice ileum was markedly suppressed. and Contraction to induced by acetylcholine, Barium chloride was Inhibited. 4. Antipyretic action by Thyphoid vaccine were noted in mice. 5. Significant anti-edemic effects were recognized on the edema induced by yeast. 6. Hypotensive action due to vaso-dilatating of normal rats and rabbits were noted.