• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.151-156
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• 2020

Various institutions provide various welfare-related services, and accordingly, the quantity and quality of welfare-related services are improved. Along with the improvement of welfare services, the rate of fraudulent and redundant supply and demand due to inappropriate applicants is also increasing. In particular, in the case of similarly promoted projects by various institutions, confirmation of duplicate applications may be insufficient due to system inconsistency between institutions and delays in qualification verification, which may result in duplicate supply and demand. In this paper, in order to prevent the redundant supply and demand related to welfare service similar projects in various institutions, the problem of data management and sharing between institutions was reviewed and a method of applying blockchain technology was proposed step by step. Through the proposal of this paper, transparent data management of recipients is possible, and through this, trust-based welfare benefit management will be possible.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2024

Purpose: Through an ethical supply chain, brands not only catch the eye but win over a fan base of consumers who prize credibility and consistency in what they purchase. Currently, the ethical supply chain is no longer just a manufacturing process; it has become a compelling story. It draws people's attention and wins their loyalty. This research study will examine the benefits of an ethical supply chain in attracting consumer attention and building brand loyalty. Research design, data and methodology: For this research study, A detailed method was used to search and analyze relevant articles. Initial searches used set terms in certain databases. Screening criteria were the thorough scrutiny of titles and abstracts to decide their relevance to the study at hand. Thus, to enhance the quality of data, duplicate entries were deleted. Results: Based on the analysis of the prior literature, the results highlight the power of ethical saliency, showing that consumers themselves are looking for and rewarding products that meet their ethical standards. This attention to ethically transparent brands, in turn, encourages more interest and interaction with them. Conclusions: Therefore, practitioners must transmit the firm's ethical standards through all channels of communication-investor relations materials and financial reports alike.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.10 no.4 s.33
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• pp.17-22
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• 2006

Both of district heating(DH) system and natural gas(NG) supply system have benefits in clean energy supply and having energy efficiency and savings. The issue of duplicate investment and supply requirement of only for cook occur several conflicts such as destruction of the Beneficiary Pays Principle and Cross Subsidization, etc. Under the circumstance, the purposes of this research are to consider several issues of cross subsidization in NG and DH industries and to present the following alternatives for resolving related problems. First of all, a charging mechanism in the energy cost must be improved so as to maintain the positive relation between cost and benefit. That is, the beneficiary-pay principle must be strictly applied. Secondly, the extended supply of DH through HOB(Heat Only Boiler) must be strictly limited. Finally, we need to improve efficiency for the benefit of market participants.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.40-43
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• 2001

In order for the World cup football game to be operated stably with duplicate service electric power supply, It is done, emergency generator and the U.P.S it establishes. the electric power system power control, lighting control, integrated monitoring. rue fighting. obstruction light, the searchlight, snow melting, electric erosion shield. grounding, the lightening protection and viewable lighting, stadium floodlight and an electric bulletin board it composed of the back which it sells.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.358-369
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to introduce cases of exposure to humidifier disinfectant (HD) in hospitals and to present their exposure characteristics. Methods: We used data from 4,393 subjects who participated in the fourth assessment survey of environmental exposure to HD conducted by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute. In this study, we selected 301 subjects who reported their place of use of HD as a hospital. Then, we classified cases as 'Hospital-provided'. 'Probably hospital-provided', 'Individual purchased', and 'Unknown' according to the supply sources of HD. Also, we introduced detailed exposure characteristics for the selected cases. Results: Of the 4,393 subjects, 301 (6.9%) reported the use of HD in 392 hospitals (including duplicate answers for the use in ${\geq}2$ hospitals). The 301 hospital-user subjects included 139 survivors and 162 non-survivors. When we classified the 392 cases by supply sources, 'Hospital-provided' was 12.2% (48 cases), 'Probably hospital-provided' was 25.5% (100 cases), 'Individual purchased' was 59.7% (234 cases), and 'Unknown' was 2.6% (10 cases). Among the 'Hospital-provided' cases, we selected six cases and provided a detailed description of the HD use in this study. Additionally, we reported details for six cases that had purchased HD upon a doctor or nurse's recommendation and for three cases that had purchased it at hospital stores. Conclusion: This study presents various cases of HD exposure in hospitals. Because there may be a considerable burden of HD exposure in public spaces, including hospitals, further studies are necessary to assess HD exposure in hospitals and public places.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.2983-2988
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• 2010

The train control system used in Gyeongbu-line is classified in ATC, IXL and CTC. Domestic railway signaling systems are being developed by electrification. In these systems the electrification of interlocking reaches 57% and the safety equipments of railway crossings in trackside devices have completed their development into an integrated system. Block systems of all the existing sections have not yet electrified and integrated so that they need a number of complement in terms of construction and maintenance. For ABS currently used in existing domestic lines, and LEU being installed in Gyeongbu and Honam lines, although a train is controlled by the signaling information of the same train in the same location, the system is separately installed so that the same information is separately divided and transmitted at the each distinct system. Therefore, in the conventional ABS and LEU, there are a lot of duplicate installed compartments such as lamp detection and a power supply unit. Hence, we have a lot of problems: for maintenance, a lot of manpower and costs need to be invested and the overall manufacturing costs get higher, as well as the construction costs by duplicate. Therefore, this paper suggest design to develop an integrated electronic Block Control Unit by the integration of the currently used ABS, and communication and electronic technology. We are to monitor and manage the block systems in the corresponding station by integrating. And we are to transmit information together with LEU, which is an ATS wayside transmitter.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4171-4176
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• 2012

The conventional block systems for railway signaling currently in operation in Korea have not been electrified or integrated and therefore there have been difficulties in terms of construction and maintenance. Two independent systems have been installed for ABS and LEU of ATP system (for speeded-up lines), although they deal with the same signaling information at the same location in order to control the trains. In these conventional ABS and LEU, a number of duplicate modules are installed in each device including lamp detection units and power supply units and it results increased manufacturing costs and maintenance efforts. This paper deals with the prototype development of integrated electronic block system with CPU-based digital control methods in order to overcome the limitations of the conventional ABS. The suggested system is the integration of the conventional ABS with LEU of ATP and it is also applicable for the non-ATP sections as well.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2011

These days RFID application has been developed rapidly. It has been applied to many business areas such as logistics and supply chains. The Electronic Product Code (EPC) Network Architecture, an open global standard, is proposed by EPCglobal for developing RFID enabled systems. People who want to obtain the product information which are master information and event information have to apply with EPC Network Architecture. However, EPCIS which has master information and event information has to be accessed base on each EPC. Therefore, there is lots of duplicate accessing to EPCIS because RFID application has to access the same EPCIS over again which makes all performance down in EPC Network. This paper proposes how to reduce access times to EPCIS using EPC grouping based on EPCIS address. We build EPC Network environment to experiment about performance of RFID application system and we prove the improvement of EPC Network. Our result shows the reducing the EPCIS communication time by maximum 99 percentages.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.9
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• pp.313-340
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• 2011

The National Defense Reformation bill of "National Defense Reformation 2020" which have been constantly disputed and reformed by the government went through various levels of complementary measures after the North Korean sinking on the Republic of Korea (ROK) Naval Vessel "Cheonan". The final outcome of this reform is also known as the 307 Plan and this was announced on the 8th March. The reformed National Defense Reformation is to reduce the number of units and military personnel under the military structure reformation. However, in order for us to undertake successful National Defense Reformation, the use of privatized civilian resources are essential. Therefore according to this theory, the ROK Ministry of National Defense (MND) have selected the usage of privatized resources as one of the main core agenda for the National Defense Reformation management procedures, and under this agenda the MND plans to further expand the usage of private Especially the MND plans to minimize the personnel resources applied in non-combat areas and in turn use these supplemented personnel with optimization. In order to do this, the MND have initiated necessary appropriate analysis over the whole national defense section by understanding various projects and acquisition requests required by each militaries and civilian research institutions. However for efficient management of privatized civilian resources, first of all, those possible efficient private resources which can achieve optimization will need to be identified, and secondly continuous systematic reinforcements will need to be made in private resource usage legislations. Furthermore, we would need to consider the possibility of labor disputes because of privatization expansion. Therefore, full legal and systematic complementary measures are required in all possible issue arising areas which can affect the combat readiness posture. There is another problem of huge increase in operational expenses as reduction of standby forces are only reducing the number of soldiers and filling these numbers with more cost expensive commissioned officers. However, to overcome this problem, we would need to reduce the number of positions available for active officers and fill these positions with military reserve personnel who previously had working experiences with the related positions (thereby guaranteeing active officers re-employment after completing active service). This would in tum maintain the standards of combat readiness posture and reduce necessary financial budgets which may newly arise. The area of maintenance, supply, transportation, training & education duties which are highly efficient when using privatized resources, will need to be transformed from military management based to civilian management based system. For maintenance, this can be processed by integrating National Maintenance Support System. In order for us to undertake this procedure, we would need to develop maintenance units which are possible to be privatized and this will in turn reduce the military personnel executing job duties, improve service quality and prevent duplicate investments etc. For supply area, we will need to establish Integrated Military Logistics Center in-connection with national and civilian logistics system. This will in turn reduce the logistics time frame as well as required personnel and equipments. In terms of transportation, we will need to further expand the renting and leasing system. This will need to be executed by integrating the National Defense Transportation Information System which will in turn reduce the required personnel and financial budgets. Finally for training and education, retired military personnel can be employed as training instructors and at the military academy, further expansion in the number of civilian professors can be employed in-connection with National Defense Reformation. In other words, more active privatized civilian resources will need to be managed and used for National Defense Reformation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

This dissertation analysed actuality and literatures aimed at optimizing added value of Busan Port. As far as the literatures are concerned, the limits and the direction to go of Busan Port have been reached through analysing and comparing Busan Port, Antwerp Port, and Rotterdam Port by their each function. While Rotterdam and Antwerp Port are each functioning as an integrated port disposing container freight, general freight and liquid cargo, the container of Busan port contributes over 88 percent of its cargo and the function of the others like bulk is scattered to Ulsan, Masan, and Jinjae Port. Hereby, Busan Port needs to develop its function so as not to duplicate its function with the others in Korea and add value of theirs each. As a result of the local experts about analysing actuality, it turn out that it is similar with the literatures. In macroscopic view, specialization mainly with container, general cargo disposal ability enforcement and etc. are the most important. In microscopic view, rear complex of container tier and the supply base of liquid energy.