• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.484-491
• /
• 2014

Objectives: An image processing program for asbestos fibers analyzing the gradient components and partial linearity was developed in order to accurately segment fibers. The objectives were to increase the accuracy of counting through the formulation of the size and shape of fibers and to guarantee robust fiber detection in noisy backgrounds. Methods: We utilized samples mixed with sand and sepiolite, which has a similar structure to asbestos. Sample concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%(w/w) were prepared. The sand used was homogenized after being sieved to less than $180{\mu}m$. Airborne samples were collected on MCE filters by utilizing a personal pump with 2 L/min flow rate for 30 minutes. We used the NIOSH 7400 method for pre-treating and counting the fibers on the filters. The results of the NIOSH 7400 method were compared with those of the image processing program. Results: The performance of the developed algorithm, when compared with the target images acquired by PCM, showed that the detection rate was on average 88.67%. The main causes of non-detection were missing fibers with a low degree of contrast and overlapping of faint and thin fibers. Also, some duplicate countings occurred for fibers with breaks in the middle due to overlapping particles. Conclusions: An image detection algorithm that could increase the accuracy of fiber counting was developed by considering the direction of the edge to extract images of fibers. It showed comparable results to PCM analysis and could be used to count fibers through real-time tracking by modeling a branch point to graph. This algorithm can be utilized to measure the concentrations of asbestos in real-time if a suitable optical design is developed.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.387-393
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study was to develop a real-time PCR method for the rapid detection and quantification of the protozoan pathogen Perkinsus olseni using a TaqMan probe. For the standard, genomic DNA was extracted from $10^5$ in vitro-cultured P. olseni trophozoites, and then 10-fold serial dilutions to the level of a single cell were prepared. To test the reliability of the technique, triplicates of genomic DNA were extracted from $5{\times}10^4$ cells and 10-fold serial dilutions to the level of 5 cells were prepared. The standards and samples were analyzed in duplicate using an $Exicycler^{TM}$ 96 real-time quantitative thermal block. For quantification, the threshold cycle ($C_T$) values of samples were compared with those obtained from standard dilutions. There was a strong linear relationship between the $C_T$ value and the log concentration of cells in the standard ($r^2$ = 0.996). Detection of DNA at a concentration as low as the equivalent of a single cell showed that the assay was sensitive enough to detect a single cell of P. olseni. The estimated number of P. olseni cells was similar to the original cell concentrations, indicating the reliability of P. olseni quantification by real-time PCR. Accordingly, the designed primers and probe may be used for the rapid detection and quantification of P. olseni from clam tissue, environmental water, and sediment samples.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.sup3
• /
• pp.191-195
• /
• 2016

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in females. Its incidence is higher in developed countries than in developing ones partly due to variation in risk exposure and partly due to better detection methods. Scattered evidence in Basrah, Iraq, suggests that breast cancer has been increasing at a significant pace in recent years. This study aimed to measure the current level of risk of breast cancer among females in Basrah and to describe the time trend over almost a decade of years. Data on breast cancer cases from all sources of cancer registration in Basrah governorate were compiled for the years 2005-2012. The data for each year were first checked separately for duplicate reporting of cases among various sources. Then the eight files were pooled together and checked again for any duplicate cases among years of registration. The final set of data contained 2,284 cases of breast cancer (2,213 female cases and 71 male cases). All patients were inhabitants of Basrah governorate at the time of diagnosis. Figures on the Basrah population were obtained from various sources including the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Planning and Developmental Collaboration and local household surveys. It was possible to have total population estimates for each year and by age and sex. The data were imported into SPSS (version 17) software. Age specific and year specific incidence rates were calculated. The age standardized incidence rate was also calculated using world population as the standard population to be 34.9 per 100,000 females. Age-wise, no case was reported among children aged less than 15 years and the incidence increased with advancing age reaching a peak of 123.8/100,000 females at the age range of 50-54 years. The time trend of the crude incidence rate showed only modest increased risk with passage of years and no age shift could be documented in this study. Breast cancer in females in Basrah is a significant health problem. The current incidence rate (crude, 23.7/100,000, age-standardized, 34.9/100,000) is high and justifies intensive efforts to improve early detection of cases, provide better treatment amenities and introduce long term preventive measures. Using the age standardized incidence rate as reported in this paper, it is possible to put the risk in Basrah within a regional and international context.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we proposed fast and efficient algorithm for detecting near-duplication based on content based retrieval in large scale video database. For handling large amounts of video easily, we split the video into small segment using scene change detection. In case of video services and copyright related business models, it is need to technology that detect near-duplicates, that longer matched video than to search video containing short part or a frame of original. To detect near-duplicate video, we proposed motion distribution and frame descriptor in a video segment. The motion distribution descriptor is constructed by obtaining motion vector from macro blocks during the video decoding process. When matching between descriptors, we use the motion distribution descriptor as filtering to improving matching speed. However, motion distribution has low discriminability. To improve discrimination, we decide to identification using frame descriptor extracted from selected representative frames within a scene segmentation. The proposed algorithm shows high success rate and low false alarm rate. In addition, the matching speed of this descriptor is very fast, we confirm this algorithm can be useful to practical application.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 2022

With the development of information and communication technology, the production and distribution of digital contents is rapidly increasing, and the distribution of illegally copied contents also increases, causing various problems. In order to prevent illegal distribution of contents, a DRM (Digital Rights Management)-based approach can be used, but in a situation where the contents are already copied and distributed, a method of searching and detecting the duplicated contents is required. In this paper, a duplication detection method based on the contents of video content is proposed. The proposed method divides the video into scene units using the visual rhythm extracted from the video, and hierarchically applies the playback time and color feature values of each divided scene to quickly and efficiently detect duplicate videos in a large database. Through experiments, it was shown that the proposed method can reliably detect various replication modifications.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.95-107
• /
• 2002

This study was designed to investigate the characteristics of atmospheric concentrations of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Korea. Target compounds included 1,3-butadiene, aromatics such as BTEX, and a number of carbonyl compounds. In this paper, as the first part of the study, the performance of sampling and analytical methods was evaluated for the measurement of selected VOCs and carbonyl compounds in the ambient air. VOCs were determined by the adsorbent tube sampling and automatic thermal desorption coupled with GC/MSD analysis, while carbonyls by the DNPH-silica cartridge sampling with HPLC analysis. The methodology was investigated with a wide range of performance criteria such as repeatability, linearity. lower detection limits, collection efficiency, thermal conditioning, breakthrough volume and calibration methods using internal standards. In addition, the sampling and analytical methods established in this study were applied to real field samples duplicately collected in various ambient environments. Precisions for the duplicate samples appeared to be comparable with the performance criteria recommended by USEPA TO-17. The overall precision of the sampling and analytical methods was estimated to be within 20 ∼ 30% for major aromatic VOCs such as BTEX, whereas the precision for major carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was within 10 ∼ 20% for field samples. This study demonstrated that the adsorbent sampling and thermal desorption method can be reliably applied for the measurement of BTEX in ppb levels frequently occurred in common indoor and ambient environments.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2011

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic, Gram-negative, glucose-nonfermenting bacterium, which has emerged as a serious opportunistic pathogen. Recently, outbreaks of carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa give rise to significant therapeutic challenges for treating nosocomial infections. The genes of metallo-${\beta}$-lactamase (MBL), a powerful carbapenemase, are carried as a part of the mobile gene cassettes inserted into integrons playing an important role in rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial isolates. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of integron in imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. A total of 61 consecutive, non-duplicate, and imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from a university hospital in the Chungcheong province of Korea. We employed repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) method for the selection of clonally different P. aerusinosa strains. PCR and DNA sequencing were conducted for the detection of integrons. Twenty-one clonally different P. aeruginosa strains were isolated. Only one (P28) of the strains harbored $bla_{VIM-2}$ that was found as gene cassettes in class 1 integrons. Four of 21 carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa strains harbored class 1 integron containing aminoglycoside resistance determinant. All of the integrons detected in the study contained more than one resistance gene cassette, which can mediate resistance to multiple antibiotics. To prevent further spreading of the multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa, conseguent monitoring and clinical polices are required.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.103-106
• /
• 2006

모바일 애드 혹 네트워크(Mobile Ad-hoc Network)는 기반 통신시설의 도움 없이 노드들 간에 자율적으로 구성되는 무선 네트워크로 각 노드는 이동성 및 다른 노드에게 패킷을 전달하는 라우팅 기능을 가지고 있다. 현재까지 모바일 애드혹 네트워크의 주된 관심사는 경로설정 문제를 해결하는데 있었다. 모바일 애드혹 네트워크의 라우팅 프로토콜에서 노드에게 할당된 주소가 유일한 것으로 가정하여 사용하지만 경로설정에 앞서 모바일 애드 혹 네트워크에 참여하는 노드에게 어떤 방법으로 유일한 주소를 제공할 것 인가에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 특히 모바일 애드 혹 네트워크는 필요에 따라 노드들이 자발적으로 네트워크를 형성하여 데이터를 주고 받는 형태이기 때문에 노드들에게 동적으로 주소를 할당하는 문제는 매우 중요하다. 따라서 모바일 애드혹 네트워크가 외부망과 연결시 고정 IP을 부여하고 애드혹의 구성하는 노드이 이동성을 고려하여 노드들 간의 분산된 IP 주소 자동 할당 방법을 MIPv6 적용한 프로토콜을 제안한다. 또한 평가방법으로 이동성을 고려하여 네트워크의 크기를 노드의 수를 가지고 비교하여 모바일 애드혹 네트워크를 구성하는 노드의 수를 증가함으로 기존 연구와 비교평가를 위해서 시뮬레이션 환경을 구현하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 이 논문에서 제안한 방법을 사용하면 모바일 애드혹 네트워크의 크기가 커질수록 기존의 방법보다 주소할당 소요시간을 감소시킬 수 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.5B
• /
• pp.257-269
• /
• 2007

This paper proposes a novel method to perform a quantitative analysis of message complexity and applies this method in comparing the message complexity among the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) address autoconfiguration protocols (AAPs). To obtain the upper bound of the message complexity of the protocols, the O-notation of a MANET group of N nodes has been applied. The message complexity of the single node joining case in Strong DAD, Weak DAD with proactive routing protocols (WDP), Weak DAD with on-demand routing protocols (WDO), and MANETconf has been derived as n(mO(N)+O(t)), n(O(N)+O(t)), n(O(N)+2O(t)), and nO((t+1)N)+O(N)+O(2) respectively. In order to verify the bounds, analytical simulations that quantify the message complexity of the address autoconfiguration process based on the different coflict probabilities are conducted.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.1152-1168
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to present several proposals for future pulse diagnosis practice and research by investigating the trend of pulse diagnosis studies in Korea. Methods: We searched online medical databases, including National Discovery for Science Leaders (NDSL), the Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), and the Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal (KTKP), for pulse diagnosis articles in Korea. We selected articles on pulse diagnosis but excluded duplicate articles, articles irrelevant to pulse diagnosis, and articles published in foreign countries. Results: In the first screening, 801 articles were selected. We found 251 articles and classified them according to category. The medical engineering field had 148 articles. A total of 24 articles were related to algorithms for pulse wave detection, 34 to sensors, five to pressurization technology, 16 to systems, 11 to remote medical service, five to mobiles, nine to trends, and 44 to basic research. The Korean medicine field had 103 articles. A total of 41 articles were devoted to literature reviews, 20 to case reports, 11 to constitutional medicine, six to experimental studies, and 25 to relevant research. Conclusion: More efforts to practice pulse diagnosis for various diseases should be made and the results actively published.