• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

Purpose : Large exon deletions in the DMD gene are found in about 60% of DMD/BMD patients. Multiplex PCR has been employed to detect the deletion mutation, which frequently generates noise PCR products due to the presence of multiple primers in a single reaction as well as the stringency of PCR conditions. This often leads to a false-negative or false-positive result. To address this problematic issue, we introduced the dual primer oligonucleotide (DPO) system. DPO contains two separate priming regions joined by a polydeoxyinosine linker that results in high PCR specificity even under suboptimal PCR conditions. Methods : We tested 50 healthy male controls, 50 patients with deletion mutation as deletion-positive patient controls, and 20 patients with no deletions as deletion-negative patient controls using DPO-multiplex PCR. Both the presence and extent of deletion were verified by simplex PCR spanning the promoter region (PM) and 18 exons including exons 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 13, 17, 19, 43-48, 50-52, and 60 in all 120 controls. Results : DPO-multiplex PCR showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for the detection a deletion. However, it showed 97.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity for determining the extent of deletions. Conclusion : The DPO-multiplex PCR method is a useful molecular test to detect large deletions of DMD for the diagnosis of patients with DMD/BMD because it is easy to perform, fast, and cost-effective and has excellent sensitivity and specificity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2010.07a
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• pp.150-151
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 잡음환경에서의 이중채널 음성인식을 위한 통계모델 기반 음성구간 검출 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법에서는 다채널 입력 신호로부터 얻어진 공간정보를 이용하여 음성 존재 및 부재 확률모델을 구하고 이를 통해 음성구간 검출을 행한다. 이때, 공간정보는 두 채널간의 상호 시간 차이와 상호 크기 차이로, 음성 존재 및 부재 확률은 가우시안 커널 밀도 기반의 확률모델로 표현된다. 그리고 음성구간은 각 시간 프레임 별 음성 존재 확률 대비 음성 부재 확률의 비를 추정하여 검출된다. 제안된 음성구간 검출 방법의 평가를 위해 검출된 구간만을 입력으로 하는 음성인식 성능을 측정한다. 실험결과, 제안된 공간정보를 이용하는 통계모델 기반의 음성구간 검출 방법이 주파수 에너지를 이용하는 통계모델 기반의 음성구간 검출 방법과 주파수 스펙트럼 밀도 기반 음성구간 검출 방법에 비해 각각 15.6%, 15.4%의 상대적 오인식률 개선을 보였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1915-1920
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• 2015

ISO 26262 is an international standard for the functional safety of electric and electronic systems in vehicles, and this standard has become a major issue in the automotive industry. In this paper, a functional safety compliant electronic control unit (ECU) for an electric power steering (EPS) system and a demonstration purposed EPS system are developed, and a software and hardware structure for a safety critical system is presented. EPS is the most recently introduced power steering technology for vehicles, and it can improve driver’s convenience and fuel efficiency. In conformity with the design process specified in ISO 26262, the Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) of an EPS system is evaluated, and hardware and software are designed based on an asymmetric dual processing unit architecture and an external watchdog. The developed EPS system effectively demonstrates the fault detection and diagnostic functions of a functional safety compliant ECU as well as the basic EPS functions.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.59-69
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• 2001

Arsenic exposure is associated with several human diseases, including cancers, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases. In cultured cells, arsenite, an inorganic arsenic com-pound, was demonstrated to interfere with many physiological functions, such as enhancement of oxidative stress, delay of cell cycle progression, and induction of structural and numerical changes of chromosomes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of arsenic exposure on gene expression profiles by colorimetric cDNA microarray technique. HFW (normal human diploid skin fibroblasts), CL3 (human lung adenocarcinoma cell line), and HaCaT (immortalized human keratinocyte cell line) were treated with 5 $\mu\textrm{M}$ or 10 $\mu\textrm{M}$ sodium arsenite for 6 or 16 h, respectively. By a dual-color detection system, the expression profile of arsenite-treated cultures was compared to that of control cultures. Several genes expressed differentially were identified on the microarray membranes. For example, MDM2, SWI/SNF, ubiquitin specific protease 4, MAP3K11, RecQ protein-like 5, and Ribosomal protein Ll0a were consistently induced in all three cell types by arsenite, whereas prohibitin, cyclin D1, nucleolar protein 1, PCNA, Nm23, and immediate early protein (ETR101) were apparently inhibited. The present results suggest that arsenite insults altered the expression of several genes participating in cellular responses to DNA damage, stress, transcription, and cell cycle arrest.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 2011

Dual frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) is an imaging sonar that has been used for numerous fisheries investigations in a diverse range of freshwater and marine environments. The main purpose of DIDSON is fish counting, fish sizing, and fish behavioral studies. DIDSON records video-quality data, so processing power for handling the vast amount of data with high speed is a priority. Therefore, a semiautomated analysis of DIDSON data for fish counting, sizing, and fish behavior in Echoview (fisheries acoustic data analysis software) was accomplished using testing data collected on the Rakaia River, New Zealand. Using this data, the methods and algorithms for background noise subtraction, image smoothing, target (fish) detection, and conversion to single targets were precisely illustrated. Verification by visualization identified the resulting targets. As a result, not only fish counts but also fish sizing information such as length, thickness, perimeter, compactness, and orientation were obtained. The alpha-beta fish tracking algorithm was employed to extract the speed, change in depth, and the distributed depth relating to fish behavior. Tail-beat pattern was depicted using the maximum intensity of all beams. This methodology can be used as a template and applied to data from BlueView two-dimensional imaging sonar.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 2010

Novel porous silicon chip exhibiting dual optical properties, both Frbry-Perot fringe (optical reflectivity) and photoluminescence had been developed and used as chemical sensors. Porous silicon samples were prepared by an electrochemical etch of p-type sillicon wafer (boron-doped, <100> orientation, resistivity 1 - 10 ${\Omega}$). The ething solution was prepared by adding an equal volume of pure ethanol to an aqueous solution of HF (48% by weight). The porous silicon was illuminated with a 300 W tungsten lamp for the duration of etch. Ething was carried out as a two-electrode Kithley 2420 preocedure at an anodic current. The surface of porous silicon was characterized by FT-IR instrument. The porosity of samples was about 80%. Three different types of porous silicon, fresh porous silicon (Si-H termianated), oxidized porous silicon (Si-OH terminated), and surface-derivatized porous silicon (Si-R terminated), were prepared by the thermal oxidation and hydrosilylation. Then the samples were exposed to the wapor of various organics vapors. such as chloroform, hexane, methanol, benzene, isopropanol, and toluene. Both reflectivity and photoluminescence were simultaneously measured under the exposure of organic wapors.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.42-47
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• 2001

This paper improves the performance of VAD (Voice Activity Detector) in G.723.1 Annex A 6.3kbps/5.3kbps dual rate speech coder, which is developed for Internet Phone and videoconferencing. The VAD decision is based on a three-level energy threshold. We evaluates for processing time, speech quality, and bit rate. The processing time is reduced due to the accuracy of VAD decision on the silence period. On subjective quality test there is almost no difference compared with the G.723.1. In order to measure the bit rate we count the active speech frame (VAD=1) and we can reduce more bit rate as silence periods are shown.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.188-191
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• 2008

The Tonle Sap, Cambodia, is a huge lake and periodically flooded due to monsoon climate. The incoming water causes intensive flooding that expands the lake over vast floodplain and wetland consisting mainly of forests and shrubs. Monitoring the water-level change over the floodplain is essential for flood prediction and water resource management. A main objective of this study is flood monitoring over Tonle Sap area using ALOS PALSAR. To study double-bounce effects in the lake, backscattering effect using ALOS PALSAR dual-polarization (HH, HV) data was examined. InSAR technique was applied for detection of water-level change. HH-polarization interferometric pairs between wet and dry seasons were best to measure water level change around northwestern parts of Tonle Sap. The seasonal pattern of water-level variations in Tonle Sap studied by InSAR method is similar to the past and altimeter data. However, water level variation measured by SAR was much smaller than that by altimeter because the DInSAR measurement only represents water level change at a given region of floodplain while altimeter provides water level variation at the central parts of the lake.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.25-28
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• 2004

Three-phase inductive superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) with DC reactor rated on 6.6 $KV_{rms}/200 A_{rms}$ has been developed in Korea. This system consists of one DC reactor, AC/DC power converter, and a three-phase transformer, which is called magnetic core reactor (MCR). This paper deals with the short-circuit analysis of the SFCL. The DC reactor was the HTS solenoid coil whose inductance was 84mH. The power converter was performed as the dual-mode operation for dividing voltage between the rectifying devices. The short-term normal operation (1 see) and short-circuit tests (2∼3 cycles) of this SFCL were performed successfully. In regular short-circuit test, the fault current was limited as 30% of rated short-circuit current at 2 cycles after the fault. The experimental results have a very similar tendency to the simulation results. Using the technique for the fault detection and SCR firing control, the fault current limiting rate of the SFCL was improved. From this research, the parameters for design and manufacture of large-scale SFCL were obtained.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.600-605
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• 2013

Interplay between calcium ions ($Ca^{2+}$) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) delicately controls diverse pathophysiological functions of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, details of the $Ca^{2+}$ and ROS signaling network have been hindered by the absence of a method for dual measurement of $Ca^{2+}$ and ROS. Here, a real-time monitoring system for $Ca^{2+}$ and ROS was established using a genetically encoded hydrogen peroxide indicator, HyPer, and a ratiometric $Ca^{2+}$ indicator, fura-2. For the simultaneous detection of fura-2 and HyPer signals, 540 nm emission filter and 500 nm~ dichroic beamsplitter were combined with conventional exciters. The wide excitation spectrum of HyPer resulted in marginal cross-contamination with fura-2 signal. However, physiological $Ca^{2+}$ transient and hydrogen peroxide were practically measurable in HyPer-expressing, fura-2-loaded VSMCs. Indeed, distinct $Ca^{2+}$ and ROS signals could be successfully detected in serotonin-stimulated VSMCs. The system established in this study is applicable to studies of crosstalk between $Ca^{2+}$ and ROS.