• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.161-162
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• 2020

Cracks are caused by drying shrinkage between the upper part of the underground parking lot and the apartment wall. As a result of the investigation, the distance between the apartment and the apartment is more than 45m, and the top slab of the underground parking lot is usually flat when there is not with steps. Therefore, the crack occurs more when the underground parking lot is a PC slab than a RC slab. In this study, the reduction of cracks was conducted by extending the slab, expanding the beam size, increasing the wall thickness, and installing a delay joint on slab. In each case, a finite element analysis was performed to examine the crack reduction method.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2008

The occurrence of longitudinal cracking in concrete deck of box girder bridge is affected by many factors, but the most important factors are the shrinkage and thermal gradient of deck slabs. In this study, therefore, the tensile stresses at the bottom of deck were calculated from the experimental data(autogeneous shrinkage, drying shrinkage, and thermal gradient of deck slab). Also, the possibility of longitudinal cracks at bottom of deck was estimated. For this purpose, full-scale box girder segments have been fabricated and tested. The thermal gradients and shrinkage strains of deck slabs were measured after placement of concrete. Also, analytic program was conducted for the evaluation of longitudinal cracking in bridge deck considering differential shrinkage induced from non-uniform moisture distributions in concrete.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1999

최근 개발되고 있는 고유동, 고강도 및 고내구성을 발휘하는 고성능 콘크리트는 현대개념에 부응하는 양호한 품질을 발휘하는 이면에 물결합재비가 작고 단위결합재량이 많은 배합일수록 비경제적 및 건주수축과 자기수축이 대단히 커진다는 것이 보고되고 있고, 경우에 따라서는 자기수축만으로도 균열이 발생하는 일이 지적되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 무기질 혼화재인 플라이애쉬, 실리카 흄 및 플라이애쉬:실리카 흄 치환비 변화로써 워커빌리티등 각종품질의 향상과 구조물에 발생되는 건조수축 및 자기수출 균열을 CSA계 팽창재로 방지하므로써, 경제적이고 저균열${\cdot}$고품질인 고성능 콘크리트를 개발하고자 하였다. 연구결과 팽창재 혼입율 5%, F.A:S.F 15:5로 치환하면 유동성 및 강도특성이 양호하면서 건조수축 및 자기수축 보상효과가 있는 양호한 고성능 콘크리트가 성취될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2017

최근에는 공사기간을 단축하기 위해서 데크플레이트 외에 half PC 슬래브의 사용도 점차적으로 증가하고 있는 실정이다. PC 슬래브 위에 후타설되는 topping concrete 의 건조수축 변형이 PC 슬래브에 의해 구속을 받게 되므로 topping concrete 에 건조수축에 의한 균열이 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 half PC 슬래브의 품질을 향상시키고 내구성능을 증가시키기 위해서 건조수축에 의한 half PC 슬래브의 거동을 사전에 정확히 예측하는 것이 중요하다. 하지만 아직까지 half PC 슬래브의 수축거동 예측에 관한 연구결과가 없는 실정이므로 본 연구에서는 half PC 슬래브를 대상으로 건조수축거동을 관찰하였으며, 크리프특성을 고려한 증분법에 의한 수축거동을 예측한 후 실측값과 비교하여 그 타당성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 건조수축의 구속작용에 의해 half PC 슬래브에 발생하는 인장변형률은 구속률 개념과 증분법을 적용하여 예측이 가능한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.125-126
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• 2021

In order to improve the housing culture, construction changes for the utilization of diverse and multifunctional spaces are appearing in response to the increasing diverse needs of consumers. Cellular Light-weight Concrete (CLC) is being developed for use in fire-resistant heat-insulating walls and non-bearing walls. However, manufacturing non-uniformity has become a problem as a drawback due to the use of foamed bubbles and normal temperature curing, and additional research is required. Therefore, in order to suppress cracks due to drying shrinkage, silica sand is mixed with CLC to try to understand its characteristics. In the experiment, the compressive strength from 7 to 28 days of age was measured via a constant temperature and humidity chamber, and the drying shrinkage was analyzed according to each condition using a strain gauge. The compressive strength of matrix tends to decrease as the substitution rate of silica sand increases. This is judged by the result derived from the fact that the specific surface area of silica sand is smaller than that of slag. Based on KS F 2701 (ALC block), the compressive strength of 0.6 products is 4.9 MPa or more as a guide, so the maximum replacement rate of silica sand that satisfies this can be seen at 60%. Looking at the change in drying shrinkage for just 7 days, the shrinkage due to temperature change and drying is 0.7 mm, and the possibility of cracking due to shrinkage can be seen, and it seems that continuous improvement and supplementation are needed in the future.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2000

CFRD(Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam) face slab concrete has a much capability to occur crack due to drying shrinkage, plastic shrinkage and bad compaction etc. Because of these cracks of concrete induce structural problem and decrease durability of dam, it is need to reduce crack of face slab concrete. This is an experimental study to analyze the influence factors on crack properties of CFRD face slab concrete. For this purpose, various mix proportion of CFRD face slab concrete and concrete using PPF(polypropylene fiber0 and fly ash was selected. And tests for drying shrinkage, bonding strength, water permeability and plastic shrinkage were performed, and then CFRD D and PPC of those mix proportion were placed in CFRD field. According to test results, it was found that the bonding strength of C1(compact sufficiently) was higher about 10~20% than that of C2(compact insufficiently). And the engineering properties of PPC(concrete using PPF) and FAC(concrete using fly ash) were better than those of the others ; the permeability of PPC and FAC after 8 weeks curing was little lower than that of CFRD D, and plastic shrinkage crack of PPC and FAC was lower 40~60% than crack of CFRD D.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.46-54
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the vacuum drying characteristics of 50mm- and 75mm- thick tree disks of some domestic softwoods for substituting the conventional hardwoods as the materials for wood crafts. Though the elapsed drying times from green to in-use moisture content(MC) were largely shortened by vacuum drying, the tree disks treated by EWS couldn't be dried to in-use MC, and so sapwood stains also were occurred severely. We suggest EWS treatment is undesirable for the species with very high sapwood portion or vacuum drying with hot water circulation heating system. Heart checks were slight, but sapwood checks, which have never been trouble in drying process of tree disks, were severe. For the reasonable explanation it is suggested MC differences between sapwood and heartwood were large and most of tree disks had already no barks before drying test. Ginkgo was vacuum-dried with very slight drying defects such as heart checks, sapwood checks. V-cracks and sapwood stains. In Korean red pine and pitch pine V-cracks were severely occurred. And it was found the special feature that most of these defected tree disks contained several V-cracks within one tree disk. It can be considered as the causes that the region of sapwood was defected by the several checks at the early drying stage because of the steep MC gradient along the radial direction, and then at the later drying stage the drying stresses due to differential shrinkage were concentrated on these brittle spots.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.79-93
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• 2013

One of the biggest problems affecting bridges is the transverse cracking and deterioration of concrete bridge decks. The causes of early age cracking are primarily attributed to plastic shrinkage, temperature effects, autogenous shrinkage, and drying shrinkage. The cracks can be influenced by material characteristics, casting sequence, formwork, climate conditions, geometry, and time dependent factors. The cracking of bridge decks not only creates unsightly aesthetic condition but also greatly reduces durability. It leads to a loss of functionality, loss of stiffness, and ultimately loss of structural safety. This investigation consists of field, laboratory, and analytical phases. The experimental and field testing investigate the early age transverse cracking of bridge decks and evaluate the use of sealant materials. The research identifies suitable materials, for crack sealing, with an ability to span cracks of various widths and to achieve performance criteria such as penetration depth, bond strength, and elongation. This paper also analytically examines the effect of a wide range of parameters on the development of cracking such as the number of spans, the span length, girder spacing, deck thickness, concrete compressive strength, dead load, hydration, temperature, shrinkage, and creep. The importance of each parameter is identified and then evaluated. Also, the AASHTO Standard Specification limits liveload deflections to L/800 for ordinary bridges and L/1000 for bridges in urban areas that are subject to pedestrian use. The deflection is found to be an important parameter to affect cracking. A set of recommendations to limit the transverse deck cracks in bridge decks is also presented.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.158-159
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• 2014

In general, the shrinkage occurring in the floor mortar is large the influence by the dry shrinkage. In order to reduce the cracks occurring in the floor mortar, studies of physical methods are often performed, but these methods is difficult to prevent cracking of the floor mortar essentially. Therefore, in this study, the dry shrinkage properties of floor mortar of gypsum and red clay type using alpha-hemihydrate gypsum had been evaluated. The experimental variables were cement mortar(CM), gypsum mortar(GM), red-clay mortar(RM), the evaluation items was conducted experiment to evaluate the setting time, the compressive strength, drying shrinkage cracks, the dry shrinkage. As a result, it was confirmed that condensation time of GM is shorter that that of CM, and GM satisfied the compressive strength of the floor mortar standard. Also shrinkage deformation of GM reduced more than the CM.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

이 연구의 목적은 개착식 전력구 콘크리트에 발생하는 부등건조수축에 의한 균열특성을 파악하고, 그 제어방법을 제시하는데 있다. 건조수축균열은 콘크리트 내부의 수분확산계수의 영향을 크게 받으며, 수분확산계수는 콘크리트 내부에서의 수분이동속도를 결정하는 주요인자이다. 수분확산계수와 더불어 콘크리트 표면의 표면계수와 외부의 상대습도는 콘크리트 내부에서 외부로의 수분이동에 영향을 미친다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 전력구 박스형 콘크리트 구조물의 부등건조수축에 의한 균열특성을 파악하기 위하여 세 가지 주요영향인자를 고려한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석 결과, 수분확산계수와 표면계수가 증가할수록 상부슬래브의 부등건조수축에 의한 균열발생시점이 빨라지며, 세 가지 요인 중에 콘크리트의 부등건조수축에 의한 균열발생 특성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것은 외기습도인 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구결과를 분석한 결과, 개착식 전력구 시공시에 콘크리트 타설 후 표면보습이나 살수양생과 같이 외기습도를 증가시키는 것이 부등건조수축에 의한 균열제어에 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단되며, 콘크리트 재료적 측면의 균열저감방법으로 수분확산계수와 표면계수를 결정하는 콘크리트의 배합이나 재료특성을 적절히 선정함으로써 균열의 진전속도나 발생시점을 제어할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.