• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.12 no.1 s.15
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• pp.71-82
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• 2003

The paper relics excavated from the 4th excavation of the historical spot No.259 Seonwon temple area were analyzed and conserved. Because these works remained folded, the most important conservation treatment was a separation. This process depended on the state of the works: dry state works were separated using Gore-Tex chamber and the filtrated water, wet state works were separated through vacuum freeze drying method. Analyses of the paper relics performed were examination on the paper to find its distinction, binocular microscope and SEM on fiber, and XRF on character ingredient. This study presumed the times though $C^{14}$ dating of these works. The works were able to be classified through analysis and conservation treatment. This separation made lost part of the works conserve an archetype. This study presented the application of conservation methods on the paper relics which are in the bad condition and obtained information through carbon dating of it.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 1997

Parsimon juice dyeing is the one of the most popular natural dyeing methods which have been done traditionally among the farmers. The clothes dyed with parsimon juice has several merits, that is, it become much more durable, cool, easy to wash and wear after dyeing and these merits are the reason why people likes to wear the parsimon juice dyeing clothes as work wear. Especially in Cheju province, parsimon juice clothes became a folk costume and many people still enjoy wearing it in the hot summer days. But one of the demerits of parsimon dyeing is that the possible period of dyeing is very short. So, if parsimon juice dyeing could be done with the preserved parsimon juice, it would be possible to enlength the period. With this idea, we compared the color and colorfastness of fabrics which were dyed with 4 kinds of parsimon juice. The experimental parsimon juice 96-8 was preserved during 13 months, 96-9 was 12 months, 97-8 was 1 month and 97-9 was not preserved one. The experimental fabrics were cotton, silk. nylon and polyester fabrics. The results were as follows ; 1. The colors of fabrics dyed with experimental parsimon juice 96-9, 97-8, 97-9 were yellow-red and dyeing states were good. But the colors of fabrics dyed with 96-8 were dark and the state were bad, because the color of experimental parsimon juice 96-8 was changed during preservation. 2. The best state of dyeing could see in the fabrics dyed with experimental parsimon juice 97-8, although that was preserved 1 month. 3. There were differences of color between experimental fabrics dyed with same juice and the colors were thicker in cotton and silk than in nylon and polyester fabrics. 4. During wetting and drying process, the color changes in fabrics dyed with no preserved one were more than in fabrics dyed with preserved ones. 5. The color fastness to the light of the dyed fabrics was over 4, to the acidic perspiration was 3~4 or 4~5, to the alkaline perspiration was 2, 3 or 3~4 and to the washing was 1~2. There was no significant difference in colorfastness between the 96-9 dyed fabrics and 97-9 dyed fabrics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 1995

The industrial procedure for the preparation of dietary fiber material from Lentinus edodes by drying and grinding process was developed. The chemical composition of dietary fiber of mycelia was as follows; crude protein: 16.16%, crude fat: 2.96%, crude ash: 3.25% and carbohydrates: 77.63%. The mycelia contained total dietary fiber of 54.5%. The 40 mesh pass of dietary fiber exhibited water-holding capacity 7.39g water/g and oil-holding capacity 2.03g oil/g, while $40{\sim}80$ mesh of dietary fiber had water-holding capacity 7.80g water/g and oil-holding capacity 2.77g oil/g.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2010

This study was conducted to develop an optimal composite recipe of nutritional cookies containing oak mushroom (Lentinus edodes) powder that has a high preference score. Oak mushroom(Lentinus edodes) is considered a significantly wholesome food. In addition, the dried oak mushroom(Lentinus edodes) has a better flavor and more nutrients than the fresh oak mushroom since vitamins are activated during the drying process. Wheat flour was partially substituted with Lentinus edodes powder to reduce its content. The optimal sensory composite recipe was determined by making iced cookies which have the advantage of long storage, at 3 concentrations of Lentinus edodes powder, yellow sugar and butter, using the central composite design. In addition, the mixing condition of Lentinus edodes powder cookies was optimized by subjecting the cookies to a sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis using the response surface methodology(RSM). The effects of the addition of the three variables on the quality of Lentinus edodes cookies were assessed in terms of texture, color, spread ratio and sensory evaluation. The results of the sensory evaluation produced very significant values for color, appearance, texture, overall quality(p<0.05), flavor(p<0.01) and the results of instrumental analysis showed significant values in lightness(p<0.05), spread ratio, hardness(p<0.01). As a result, the optimal sensory ratio of Lentinus edodes cookies was determined to be Lentinus edodes powder 10.83g, yellow sugar 61.89 g, and butter 120.0 g.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

Purpose: Since the report of artificial dermis manufacturing method using collagen by Yannas in 1980, collagen has been effectively used as dermal substitute with its merits such as, lower antigeneicity, controllable biodegradation rate, and minimal inflammatory cytotoxic properties in the dermal tissue engineering field. However, weak mechanical durability was the main drawback of collagen dermal substitute. To improve its stability, mechanical or chemical cross-linking was used. Despite of such process, its clinical use was restricted due to weak durability. To improve the durability of collagen matrix, we designed elastin-incorporated collagen matrix and compared its durability with conventional collagen matrix. Methods: 15mm diameter with 4mm thick collagen dermal matrix was made according to Yannas protocol by mixing 0.5% bovine collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate followed by degassing, freeze drying, dehydrodermal cross-linking and chemical cross-linking procedure. In elastin incorporated collagen matrix, same procedure was performed by mixing elastin to previous collagen matrix in 4:1 ratio(collagen 80% elastin 20%). In comparison of the two dermal matrix in vitro tests, matrix contracture rate, strain, tensile strength, was measured and stiffness was calculated from comparative analysis. Results: In terms of matrix contracture, the elastin-incorperated added collagen dermis matrix showed 1.2 times more contraction compared to conventional collagen matrix. However, tensile strength showed 1.6 times and stiffness showed 1.6 times increase in elastin-incorporated matrix. Conclusion: Elastin incorperated collagen matrix manufactured by our team showed increased durability due to improvement in tensile strength and stiffness compared to previous collagen matrix($Integra^{(R)}$).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of curing condition on microclimate of temperature, relative humidity during curing process of burley tobacco leaves. The developed facility, ridge opening type was designed to open the central top roof. The air-cured variety, (N. tabacum cv KB111) was normally grown at the Eumseong tobacco experimental station in 2007. Mean daily temperature of $3^{\circ}C$ in ridge opening type curing facility was lower than that of conventional, whereas mean daily relative humidity of 12.6 % RH was lower in conventional curing facility for the entire stage of curing. The frequency distribution of optimal air temperature at daytime was higher 37.5 % in ridge opening type curing facility than that of conventional, while that of optimal relative humidity was lower 8.2 %. In the ridge opening type curing facility, the excessive drying leaves were low, however the price per kilogram was high. These results suggest that the new developed curing facility may be applied to improved microclimate inside the curing facility for curing burley.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.996-1001
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• 2006

Automatic washing machines have been improved and popularized steadily since the first electric washing machine was produced in the early 1900's. Appliance industry has tried to obtain the performance of washing machine with large capacity, high energy efficiency, low vibration and low noise levels. As the installation peace of a washer becomes closer to the living space, vibration and noise problems become more important challenges. In general, a washing machine has four legs to support its body. Four legs of the washing machine should be attached on a floor. If not so, it may cause severe vibration or walking in the spin-drying process. Unfortunately, the floor of an ordinary house is bumpy in general, and the consumers will not accept bolting washing machines to a foundation; moreover, sometimes they move the location of their washing machines to utility rooms or bath rooms or kitchens and don't care for leveling the legs exactly. In this study, we devise an auto-leg system that prevents the occurrence of abnormal vibration and walking of washing machines. It is simply composed of a spring and a friction damper. Some experiments are implemented to show the dynamic characteristics of the three-dimensional auto-legged washing machine model that is located on the even or uneven ground. A spring parameter is optimized to adjust the length of the auto-leg system automatically up to 10 mm irregularity, and the friction damper is designed to decrease a resonance induced by the spring of the auto-leg system. Some numerical results show that placing the proposed auto-leg system in a washing machine makes good performance with low vibration, as well as low noise, regardless of the unevenness of the floor.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.220-237
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• 2001

Over the 20th century global temperature increase has been 0.6$^{\circ}C$. The globally averaged surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8$^{\circ}C$ over the period 1990 to 2100. Nearly all land areas will have higher maximum temperature and minimum temperature, and fewer cold days and frost days. More intense precipitation events will take plate over many areas. Over most mid-latitude continental interiors will have increased summer continental drying and associated risk of drought. By 2100, if the annual surface temperature increase is 3.5$^{\circ}C$, we will have 15.9$^{\circ}C$ from 12.4$^{\circ}C$ at present. Also the annual precipitation will range 1,118-2,447 mm from 972-1,841 mm at present in Korea. Consequently the average crop periods for summer crops will be 250 days that prolonged 32 days than at present. In the case of gradual increase of global warming, an annual crop can be adapted to the changing climate through the selection of filial generations in breeding process. The perennial crops such as an apple should be shifted the chief producing place to northern or high latitude areas where below 13.5$^{\circ}C$ of the annual surface temperature. If global warming happens suddenly over the threshold atmospheric greenhouse gases, then all ecosystems will have tremendous disturbance. Agricultural land-use plan, which state that farmers decide what to plant, based on their climate-based advantages. Therefore, farmers will mitigate possible negative imparts associated with the climate change. The farmers will have application to use agricultural meteorological information system, and agricultural long-range weather forecast system for their agroecosystems management. The ideal types of crops under $CO_2$ increase and climate change conditions are considered that ecological characteristics need indispensable to accomplish the sustainable agriculture as the diversification of genetic resources from yield-oriented to biomass-oriented characteristics with higher potential of $CO_2$ absorption and primary production. In addition, a heat-and-cold tolerance, a pest resistance, an environmental adaptability, and production stability should be also incorporated collectively into integrated agroecosystem.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2017

This study was to investigate the practicality and functionality of water lily(Nymphaea tetragona) leaves as a natural dye resource while searching for various dyeing methods to utilize them. Effect of dyeing condition including methanol ratio of dyebath, dyeing temperature and time, mordanting method, etc were investigated. Colorants were prepared by extraction in methanol and followed drying process. When composing 30% of methanol in the dyebath, better dyeuptake and uniform dyeing were resulted. Pre-mordanting method gave better results in terms of dye uptake than post-mordanting method on the wool fabrics. Fe and Ti were effective for increasing the dye uptake on the silk fabrics. Depending on mordant type and mordanting method, the dyed fabrics got various color showing green, khaki, brownish yellow, dark brown, dark gray and so on. As for color fastness, the silk fabrics dyed with water lily extract showed relatively high rating in light fastness(3~4, 4~5 rating), washing fastness(4~5, 5 rating), and rubbing fastness(4, 4~5 rating). The silk and wool fabrics dyed with water lily leaves extract showed excellent antimicrobial activity over 98% of bacterial reduction rate against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It was confirmed that water lily leaves can be used as a natural dye resource for dyeing wool and silk fabrics because its colorants showed excellent affinity and antimicrobial functionality as well as good colorfastness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.489-497
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• 2016

Kunrak, a type of Korea traditional cheese, is made using Tarak, a yogurt produced with makgeolli as the fermentation source. Kunrak is produced by removing whey from Tarak, followed by drying process for safe storage and consumption over a longer period. In this study, we produced kunrak based on the method described in "Imwonsibyukji". Prepared Kunrak was ripening for 96 hours at 20, 30, and $40^{\circ}C$. In order to study characteristics of Kunrak, physiochemical properties (pH, acidity, water contents) and contents of metabolites (organic acids, sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids) were analyzed. During ripening, water contents decreased. The main organic acids in Kunrak were citric acid and lactic acid, and the main free sugar was lactose. Main amino acids were glutamate and phenylalanine, and main fatty acid was saturated capric acid. At later ripening, all metabolites increased immediately after preparation. The sensory evaluation score of overall preference was highest for Kunrak, which was ripening at $40^{\circ}C$ for 96 hours. This study was aimed to assay metabolites of Kunrak under various ripening conditions. The results provide basic data to produce conditions for standardized manufacturing of Kunrak.