• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.405-411
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• 1991

To determine the sterility of the prepared allogeneic bone of the human, culture of the allografts prior to implantation was performed on fresh-frozen and freeze-dried bone. Before the use of allografts to the patients, it must be confirmed about the sterility, cellular cytotoxicity, immune reaction, and osteoinductive potential as a biomaterials. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons demand for allograft bone will be increased in the future. Wonkwang Bone Bank attempted to meet this demand, has performed series of experimental study on the allograft bone of the Koreans to evaluate the physical and chemical suitability of the bone since the surgeons applications will have broadened from benign cystic lesions to fracture malunions and non-unions, large segmental defects, and whole-bone allorgrafts after tumor surgery. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Freeze-drying(FD) only shoed some bactericidal effects of the normal and osteo bone but in cases of performing EO gas sterilization, the FD effects was not clear. 2. The fact that FD has little effect than the EO gas sterilization on normal bone postulated that the presence of microbiota may be due to an operation and bone processing procedure. 3. FD and EO gas sterilization had a remarkable effect on the osteo bone. 4. The sterilization effect were EO gas, Freeze-drying, Fresh-Frozen with descending order. But all sterilization method were not complete to preserve and implant allograft bone. We are now performing further continuous study on the radiation and chemical sterilization procedure to make safe and complete allograft bone.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.377-385
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• 2022

Thermal batteries are specialized as primary reserve batteries that operate when the internal heat source is ignited and the produced heat (450~550℃) melts the initially insulating salt into highly conductive eutectic electrolyte. The heat source is composed of Fe powder and KClO₄ with different mass ratios and is inserted in-between the cells (stacks) to allow homogeneous heat transfer and ensure complete melting of the electrolyte. An ideal heat source has following criteria to satisfy: sufficient mechanical durability for stacking, appropriate heat calories, ease of combustion by an igniter, stable combustion rate, and modest peak temperature. To satisfy the aforementioned requirements, Fe powder must have high surface area and porosity to increase the reaction rate. Herein, the hydrothermal and spray drying synthesis techniques for Fe powder samples are employed to investigate the physicochemical properties of Fe powder samples and their applicability as a heat source constituent. The direct comparison with the state-of-the-art Fe powder is made to confirm the validity of synthesized products. Finally, the actual batteries were made with the synthesized iron powder samples to examine their performances during the battery operation.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.61-74
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• 2012

Industrial complexes in Korea have been vigorously established by economic development plan and development policy of industry in 1960s. Recently, Korean government has promoted Eco Industrial Park (EIP) project to recycle by-products and wastes in industrial park In this study, we analyzed the physical and chemical properties for the sludges discharged from A industrial complex. And we investigated the economic feasibility and environmental impact of sludge to energy facilities. The analysis results indicated that the petrochemical industry were 92% in sludge production, the highest treatment amount was landfill, followed by incineration and recycling and then ocean disposal. Wastewater sludge and process sludge samples are collected and analyzed to use as basic data on economic feasibility and environmental impact. Weighted average heating value of sludge samples was 3,891kcal/kg. Based on this data, installation and operation costs, operation returns of operating the drying facility are estimated, compared with cogeneration facility. And this study examines how the payback period of each simulation(total 8 case) with the important parameter changes. As a result, it was found that what needs the shortest payback period is 3years with connection of drying facility and cogeneration facility based on the government's financial subsidy system.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 2006

Various desorption methods were investigated for an activated carbon and zeolite 13X packed bed after benzene adsorption. Desorption experiments using hot steam, purge gas, and evacuation were performed. As a result, the desorption with hot steam showed the best performance. Hot steam makes the temperature in the adsorption column increase and gives arise to the desorption. Drying process should be accompanied to increase the efficiency because steam vapor prevents the adsorption later. The vacuum desorption showed poor performance and it reveals that temperature swing operation is more effective than pressure swing operation. In the purge gas desorption, good performance was achieved using evacuation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.573-582
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to establish the one serving size of Korean Processed Food. Defining the one serving size is very important for nutrition labeling and foodservice operation, because the one serving size is used to set up a proper portion by each foodservice operation. The basic data of 200 items were collected through three methods. Searching many cookbooks, exploring the commercial and noncommercial foodservices -6 industrial foodservices, 100 nationwide elementary school foodservice recipes analysis, and 3 hospital foodservice systems as the samples - moreover, experimental cooking and sensory evaluation by trained panels were conducted to assess quantity preference of selected food items. All data were rearranged through food type, that is, main dish, side dish, dessert and health food. One serving sizes of processed foods showed wide variety according to the different menus that include selected food items. Therefore, means and ranges of serving size by three research methods were presented item by item. The results obtained were: 1. The Korean Processed Foods were dried and sugar adding and soused foods, and many of them used the natual processing methods. 2. There were wide varieties in the classification of main dishes, but many of them were cereals, noodles, and sugar products. One serving size of noodles were around $50{\sim}100\;g$, cereals were $20{\sim}40\;g$, which means the one serving size can be differenciated by the food usage. 3. According to the Food classification of side dishes, many of them were as following; natural dried foods, processed fish products, salted or sugar added foods, seasoned foods and sugar products. Moreover the Types of cooking in side dishes were almost culinary vegetables, teas, health foods and condiments, and soused fish products. 4. About desserts, they were almost teas and sugars, and the Types of cooking were teas, health foods and seasonings. 5. We can conclude that almost Korean Processed foods used the drying and soused processing methods for long-time preservation, but it can make the higher content of any special elements, such as sodium or carbohydrates.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2011

This paper proposes a design of controller for automatic evacuation disposal system with suction, collecting, washing, and drying functions to be useful for excretion care of long-term bedridden patients. It is desirable that the system can discriminate excreta such as feces and urine severally, and dispose of them without having additional efforts of caregivers. This paper describes a method to improve the discrimination ability by using multi-sensors, and proposes disposal processes according to the type of excrements. As a result the automatic evacuation disposal system can perform an efficient operation in the excrement care. Experimental results using artificial excrements show the automatic evacuation disposal system is effective and feasible to assist the excrement care.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.315-320
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• 1994

This survey report introduced briefly peat deposits in SAKHALIN island of eastern SIBERIA continent. Peat industry was promoted as leading resources for development in this island by national control economic plan of central government before CIS. But development of deposit was left suspension of operation due to investment now. In southern area, about 10km from Yuzunosakhalinsk, two deposits of peat field were explored. One of them (Troisk) was suspended at begining stage of peat harvest from 300ha field and the other(Missilop) was producing the compact peat through drying and pulverizing from 350ha peat field which showed long run harvest activities. There are plenty of peat deposits near the Polonai Reika (river) in the central area of this island, At Zbaikaritz, 40km nothern area from Polonaisk, 135ha of peat field was developed. This field was left without working but established field preparation and could be able to be harvested any time if machines and utlities were settled. At southern suburb 10km from Polonaisk, about 40ha field of virgin deposit has been established planning for development. The plan involved estimated amount of peat, deposit depth, water level, drainage and leading road. The most of peat deposits accumulated from sphagnum moss. Texture is coarse but it contains more than 95% of organic carbon near to 0.5% of total nitrogen and acidity showed pH4-5.

• Solar Energy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1989

Preparation of $TiO_2$ Film by the Dip-coating Method and its Application to photo-electrochemical Electrodes. $TiO_2$ film of n-type semiconductor has been of great interest as a material for solar energy conversion. For its practical application, the dip-coating method has been applied to prepare $TiO_2$ (anatase) film on the nesa glass substrate. Films up to about $1.8{\mu}m$ in thickness can be obtained by repeating the operation, dipping $\to$ pulling up $\to$ drying $\to$ heating at $500^{\circ}C$ for 10 minute. Heating temperature at $500^{\circ}C$ was adopted to convert $TiO_2$ gels into $TiO_2$ crystalline films. The $TiO_2$ films showed the maximum photocurrent ($14mA/cm^2$) at the film thickness of about $1.8{\mu}m$. It was also found that the additional heating at $500^{\circ}C$ for about 20 minutes improved remarkably the photo current of the $TiO_2$ films.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.737-741
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• 2016

Purpose. To investigate awareness of vision correction surgery side effects and investigated side effects affect vision correction surgery decisions. Methods. This study was performed on 85 college students. The awareness of vision correction surgery, the awareness of vision correction surgery side effects, and investigated side effects affect surgery decisions. Results. 37.6 % (32 people) replied that the drying effects is representative side effects of the eye correction surgery. 68.2% (58 people) answered the reason of eye surgery is uncomfortable wearing glasses. 74.1%(63 people) answered the side effects does not affect vision correction surgery decision. Prior to hear a description of side effects, 31.8% percent people hope the surgery. after listening to explain of side effects, only 10.6% percent people hope the surgery. Conclusions. People who want to get vision correction surgery should check their vision condition through prior examination and consultation. What side effects in the operation should be reviewed. That is the only way to reduce side effects.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2019

급격한 도시화와 기후변화로 인한 자연적인 물순환 구조의 변화는 기존 수자원 이용 경향을 변화시키며 하천건천화 현상을 유발하고 있다. 이를 관리하기 위해 하천건천화 평가 및 예측이 가능한 영향 평가 기술이 필요하며, 국내에서는 GIS 기반의 분포형 수문 모형인 Drying Stream Assessment Tool and Water Flow Tracking (DrySAT-WFT)이 개발되어 활용되고 있다. 그러나 격자기반의 물수지 모형은 단위 cell 안의 수직적인 물의 거동은 파악하기 용이하나, 모형의 특성상 저수지, 댐, 보와 같은 수리 시설물의 방류량에 따른 하도의 흐름 추적에는 어려움이 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 DrySAT-WFT 모형에 댐?보 방류량 자료와 연계한 하도추적 알고리즘을 개발하여 모형의 유출 모의 성능을 개선하고, 1976년부터 2015년까지의 유출 모의를 통해 전국 표준유역을 대상으로 각 유역에 대한 하천건천화 원인 추적 및 평가를 수행하고자 한다. 하천건천화영향요소를 고려하기 위한 모형의 입력 자료로 산림높이, 도로망, 지하수 이용량, 토지이용, 토심, 기상 변화에 대해 1976년부터 2015년까지 구축한 시계열 전국 자료를 활용하였으며, 일별 강우량, 상대습도, 평균풍속, 평균 및 최고, 최저 기온, 일조시간의 기상자료를 구축하였다. 개선된 DrySAT-WFT 유출 모의 결과는 선행 연구와의 비교를 통해 모의 개선점을 정량적으로 제시하고자 한다.