• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1994

Experiments on the variability of plant type and factors representing the productivity and quality of the cultivars were subsequently carried out in relation to different plant density. Results are summarized as below. The higher was the plant density, the greater was the plant height and mean leaf inclination(MLI). As the plant density increased, the horizontal leaf area distribution became greater in proximal to the stem in NTN 77 and Br.49 but evenly in distal part in Br.21. Meanwhile, in terms of vertical leaf area distribution, it was decreased much more in middle and lower leaves than in upper in NTN 77 and Br.49 although it steadily decreased in any part of the plant in Br.21. Br.49 was the largest but Br.21 and NTN 77 were similar with respect to both CGR and NAR. The yield was greater in larger MLI cultivars(NTN 77>Br.49>Br.21). These three characteristics became greater when the tobacco were planted more densely in the field. Dry leaf weight and dry matter weight per plant were heavier in the larger MLI and increased with lower plant density. Total nitrogen content was greater in lower plant density and larger MLI cultivar. The plant density increases filling power seems to be enhanced regardless to the plant type. There was no discernible tendency on combustibility according to the plant density or plant type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to obtain the basic information on the morphological and physiological changes in tobacco leaf during the growth period by measuring the changes of chlorophyll, sugar, lipid and mineral contents in tobacco plant. Leaf length and width have been fully developed at 25 days after leaf emergence. Dry weight was rapidly increased between 10 and 15 days after leaf emergence and reached the highest at 30 days. Crude lipid content, palmitic acid, and the major saturated fatty acid were increased with progressing senescence, while unsaturated fatty acid including linolenic acid was decreased as the senescence was advanced. The total nitrogen content showed the highest value at IS days after leaf emergence. On the other hand, the total sugar content showed the highest value at 45 days after leaf emergence and glucose, fructose and sucrose were decreased with leaf development and increased at the end of senescence. The content of chlorophyll showed the highest value at 15 days after leaf emergence and began to decrease at 30 days after leaf emergence. The contents of p, Cu, Zn, and Fe in tobacco leaves were decreased by the end of senescence after leaf emergence but those of Ca, Mg, and Mn in leaves were increased. Key words : Nicotiana tabacum chlorophyll, fatty acid, senescence.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.261-271
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• 2019

Background: Protopanaxatriol (PPT) is an aglycone of ginsenosides, which has high medicinal values. Production of PPT from natural ginseng plants requires artificial deglycosylation procedures of ginsenosides via enzymatic or physicochemical treatments. Metabolic engineering could be an efficient technology for production of ginsenoside sapogenin. For PPT biosynthesis in Panax ginseng, damarenediol-II synthase (PgDDS) and two cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP716A47 and CYP716A53v2) are essentially required. Methods: Transgenic tobacco co-overexpressing P. ginseng PgDDS, CYP716A47, and CYP716A53v2 was constructed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Results: Expression of the three introduced genes in transgenic tobacco lines was confirmed by Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Analysis of liquid chromatography showed three new peaks, dammarenediol-II (DD), protopanaxadiol (PPD), and PPT, in leaves of transgenic tobacco. Transgenic tobacco (line 6) contained $2.8{\mu}g/g$ dry weight (DW), $7.3{\mu}g/g$ DW, and $11.6{\mu}g/g$ DW of PPT, PPD, and DD in leaves, respectively. Production of PPT was achieved via cell suspension culture and was highly affected by auxin treatment. The content of PPT in cell suspension was increased 37.25-fold compared with that of leaves of the transgenic tobacco. Transgenic tobacco was not able to set seeds because of microspore degeneration in anthers. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that cells of phloem tissue situated in the center of the anther showed an abnormally condensed nuclei and degenerated mitochondria. Conclusion: We successfully achieved the production of PPT in transgenic tobacco. The possible factors deriving male sterility in transgenic tobacco are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.68-77
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• 1980

Field experiment was conducted in soils having different amount of available phosphate (35, 140 and 350ppm) to see effects of additional phosphate application(0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30kg/10a) on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Growth was affected by additional phosphate application only in soil with 35ppm of available phosphate, as was dry weight of tobacco. Maturity and content of chemical constituents of tobacco leaves were not significantly influenced by additional phosphate treatments. Tobacco leaf production increases with additional phosphate up to 10kg/10a only in soil with the lowest amount of available phosphate, but the price was not affected at all. These results suggest that art applicable phosphate of about 10kg/10a is enough for maximum production of flue-cured tobacco even soil very low in available phosphate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1988

This study was conducted to relate among growth characteristics, quality, and chemical components for flue-cored tobacco. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Starch content in harvested green leaf was correlated negatively with leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and leaf weight of harvested green leaf, respectively, while positively with total sugar content in cured leaf, and the ratio of leaf length to leaf width of harvested green leaf. 2. Organic matter and total nitrogen contents in the soil were correlated positively with nicotine content in cured leaf, respectively, and total nitrogen in the soil negatively with total sugar content in cured leaf. 3, Amount of fertilizer, application date of MH, priod of harvesting, and yield were correlated positively with nicotine content in cured leaf, respectively , while negatively with total sugar content. Application amount of MH was correlated positively with total sugar content, but negatively with nicotine content in cured leaf. Also amount of compost was correlated negatively with nicotine content in cured leaf. 4. The ratio of total sugar to nicotine (TS/N) per plant was correlated positively with price (Won/kg) and specific leaf area, but negatively with leaf length. leaf width, leaf area, harvested leaves, and leaf weight in cured leaves, respectively. Yield was correlated negatively with TS/N per plant. 5. TS/N of the best quality tobacco per plant was 12.0. Those of the best quality tobacco in each stalk position were 42.1 for first~third leaf, 28.4 for 4th~6th leaf , 23.7 for 7th~9th leaf, 7.7 for l0th~12th leaf , and 7.8 for over 13th leaf from bottom, respectively. 6, When TS/N was 12.0, optimum values of growth characteristics per plant were 100.5 $\pm$ 10.3g for leaf dry weight, 755.1$\pm$53.2cm for leaf length, 294.4$\pm$25.1cm for leaf width, 8, 892$\pm$111cm2 for leaf area, 16.0$\pm$0.6 leaves for harvested leaves, and 7.32$\pm$0.44mg/cm2 for specific leaf area, respectively. 7. When TS/N was 12.0, optimum values of chemical components per plant were 1.92$\pm$0.28% for nicotine content, and 20.4$\pm$ 1.4 % for total sugar content, and that of yield was 238.3$\pm$ 9.8kg/10a.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.92-101
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fly ash on the yield and quality and to determine the optimum application amount of fly ash for tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L). Two kinds of fly ash, anthracite and bituminous coal, were treated with different levels of 0, 20, 40, 60 MT/ha. Dry weights of tobacco at middle and topping growth stage were increased with application of fly ash, showing the highest dry weight at 40 MT/ha in both kinds of fly ash. It was showed that the bituminous coal had a little more effective for yield than that of anthracite. Comparing with the control, yields of tobacco applied with fly ash were significantly increased about 17.7% and 17.1% by the application of bituminous coal and anthracite, respectively. Quality of flue-cured leaves was better by application of fly ash than that of the control. The quality index was given the highest at 40 MT/ha for bituminous coal increasing by 24.6% and at 60 MT/ha fur anthracite increasing by 13.4% compared with the control. The economical efficiency considered of the yield and quality of tobacco was the highest at 40 MT/ha of bituminous. Soil pH, contents of available P2O5, organic matter, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ of soil during the growing season were increased by application of fly ash, showing more effectiveness in bituminous than that in anthracite. By the application of fly ash, the nutrients availability and the acidity of soil were reformed and they caused significantly the increase of growths yield, and quality of tobacco. By the application of lime reforming soil acidity, growth response, yields and quality of tobacco were not increased compared to the control, although the effect of reforming soil pH was remarkable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 1989

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of control leaf number on growth and chemical characteristics, and on yield and quality In (rue-cured tobacco The rest upper leaves of 14, 16, and 18 leaves per plant were removed at button stage, and the plants were harvested :0, 12, and 16 leaves with discard 4 leaves of the bottom, respectively. 1. There were showed a tendency to increase in length (LL), width (LW), area (LA), fresh (LFW) and dry weight (LDW) per leaf as leaf numbers were decreased, while those per plant and the ratios of increase of those per plant were decreased. 2. In compensation effect (CE), there were increase in LL, LFW, LDW, LL/LW and LDW/LFW with each decreased in leaf numbers while LW was decreased, LA unchanged. 3. There were significant Increases in LL, LW, and LA at 5th~8th stalk positions form bottom (SP), while those .at 13th~16th SF were decreased. Also, LDW at 5th~l0th, and LDW/LFW and weight Per unit leaf area at 11th 16th were Increased as leaf numbers decreased. 4. Mean per plant and CE of nicotine were increased, but those of sugar were decreased with each decrease In leaf numbers. In addition, nicotine contents at 5th~14th SP except for 9th~10th were increased, otherwise sugar contents at 7th~14th were decreased. 5. There were showed a tendency to increase in grade per Plant and in tirade at 5th~8th SP, but decrease in CE of grade as leaf numbers were decreased. There wee significant decrease in grade at 11th~14th SP. Also, ratio of 5 grade was decreased, while ratios of 3 and 4 grades were increased. 6. When the 2 leaves at 3rd~4th SP were harvested, price was decrease 2.6% and yield was increased 5.8 %. 7. When the 6 leaves from convention were removed at but ton stage, effects of apparent, compensational, and net per leaf on yield were -3.9%, +2.6%, and -6.5%, respectively, and those on price were +1.1%, -1.6% and +2.7%, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 1963

In order to investigate the responsiveness of sun-curing tobacco varietie - CHUNGJOO YUB, HATANO and HYANGCBBO - to the Gibberellic Acid 100, 200, and 300 P.P.M. of Gillberellic Acid were sprayed in the field at the stage of just prior to stein elongation. 1. The elongation of stem and leaves were prominent at the concentration of 300 P.P.M. with 30.05~55.22% increase in the stem and 16.96~50.69% increase in the leaves. Hut their width decreased to 70.42~83.66%. 2. The number of leaves did not effected with the treatment meaningly that the elongation of stem was caused by the elongation of intermodes and not by the increase of nodes. 3.12~13.9% increase of raw leaf.es weight were resulted at the concentration of 200 P.P.M. 4. The weight of dry matter were increased by 9~12.2% at the concentration of 200 P.P.M. treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 1999

Field test was conducted in Chungbuk province to evaluate the soil fertility using landscape and soil attributes by application of geographic information system(GIS) in 48 tobacco fields during 2 years(1996 ; 23 fields, 1997 ; 25 fields). The soil fertility factors and fertilizer effects were estimated by twenty five independent variables including 13 chemical properties and 12 GIS databases. Twenty five independent variables were classified by two groups, 15 quantitative indexes and 10 qualitative indexes and were analyzed by multiple linear regression (MLR) of SAS, REG and GLM models. The estimation model for evaluation of soil fertility and fertilizer effect was made by giving the estimate coefficient for each quantitative index and for each group of qualitative index significantly selected by MLR. Estimation for soil fertility factors and fertilizer effects by independent variables was better by MLR than single regression showing gradually improvement by adding chemical properties, quantitative indexes and qualitative indexes of GIS. Consequently, it is assumed that this approach by MLR with quantitative and qualitative indexes was available as an evaluation model of soil fertility and recommendation of optimum fertilization for tobacco field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 1986

Under the different conditions of planting density and nitrogen level with aromatic tobacco, some agronomic characters of tobacco like plant height, leaf size, LAI, yield and price were investigated in view of aroma volatile acid contents, the main compounds contributing to the aroma of oriental leaf tobacco. The closer a spacing interval became, the smaller the growth of plant and the leaf size with increment of yields, until about 22,000 plants per 10 are. But the leaf size became smaller without increment of yield when the planting density became more than 22,000 plants per 10 are. There were definite trends toward increase in leaf size, LAI and yield with increase in nitrogen rate. Correlation coefficient between aroma volatile and plant height, largest leaf length, one leaf area was -0.49, -0.49 and -0.47, respectively, showing significance at 1 % level. But LAI (r=-0.14) and dry weight of unit leaf area(r=0.25) was not observed to be significantly associated with aroma volatile, respectively. The results suggest that closer spacing is desirable for smaller leaves, higher contents of aroma volatile and for increased yield.