• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.213-225
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• 2010

The objective of the current study was to determine factors influencing concentrations of protein-related blood metabolites in indigenous Nguni and crossbred cattle in the semi-arid communal rangelands in South Africa. The body condition scores (BCS), packed cell volume (PCV) and serum concentrations of protein-related metabolites were determined seasonally in 100 cattle raised on communal rangelands from August 2007 to May 2008. Nguni cattle had lower (p<0.05) albumin-globulin ratio, albumin, urea and creatinine, and higher (p<0.05) globulin concentrations than the local crossbreds. Local crossbreds had higher (p<0.05) alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations and lower (p<0.05) aspartate aminotransferase concentrations in the postrainy season than Nguni cattle. The creatinine concentrations of Nguni and crossbred cattle were lowest in the sour rangeland during the hot-wet season. The albumin concentrations of Nguni and crossbred cattle were higher (p<0.05) whilst PCV, albumin-globulin ratio and creatine kinase concentration were lower (p<0.05) in the sour rangeland than in the sweet rangeland. Total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase concentrations of Nguni and crossbred cattle were lower (p<0.05) in the hot-wet and late cool-dry seasons than in other seasons across rangeland types. Urea concentrations in both breeds were highest in the sweet rangeland in the hot-dry season compared to other seasons. It was concluded that Nguni cattle had lower concentrations of protein metabolites than local crossbreds and protein deficiencies were most prominent in the sweet rangeland during the cool-dry seasons.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1452-1460
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• 2014

The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional parameters of young bulls supplemented with different ratios of protein: carbohydrate on tropical pastures from 4 until 18 months old. Fifty-five non-castrated beef calves ($138.3{\pm}3.4kg$, 90 to 150 d of age) were used. The calves (young bulls) were subjected to a 430-d experimental period encompassing 4 seasons. The treatments were as follows: control, only mineral mixture; HPHC, high protein and high carbohydrate supplement; HPLC, high protein and low carbohydrate supplement; LPHC, low protein and high carbohydrate supplement; and LPLC, low protein and low carbohydrate supplement. The amount of supplement was adjusted every 28 d. Dry matter (DM) intake was higher in the dry-to-rainy transition and rainy seasons for all nutritional plans. Non-supplemented animals had lower intakes of DM and total digestible nutrients (TDN) than supplemented young bulls in all seasons. Although differences in DM intake were not observed between supplemented animals, the supplements with high carbohydrate (HPHC and LPHC) had lower forage intake during suckling (rainy-to-dry transition season) and in the rainy season. However, the HPHC treatment animals had higher intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. It can be concluded that supplementation with high protein levels (supplying 50% of the crude protein requirement) provide the best nutritional parameters for grazing young bulls in most seasons, increasing intake and digestibility of diet, and these effects are more intense when associated with high carbohydrate levels level (supplying 30% TDN requirement).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.321-324
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• 1994

One hundred and twenty indigenous pigeons of either sexes of different age groups were sacrificed in different seasons to assess the interactions of sex, age and seasons on the proximate composition and gross energy values of fresh boneless meat. The dry matter and protein contents decreased but the fat, ash and energy contents increased linearly as the birds aged. Seasons and age had significant influences on either of these two performance traits. Meat of growing pigeons of both sexes was found to contain high protein and low fat throughout the year.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.580-588
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• 2024

Microbial communities in mangrove forests have recently been intensively investigated to explain the ecosystem function of mangroves. In this study, the soil microbial communities under young (<11 years-old) and old (>17 years-old) mangroves have been studied during dry and wet seasons. In addition, biogeochemical properties of sediments and methane emission from the two different mangrove ages were measured. The results showed that young and old mangrove soil microbial communities were significantly different on both seasons. Seasons seem to affect microbial communities more than the mangrove age does. Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were two top abundant phyla showing >15%. Physio-chemical properties of sediment samples showed no significant difference between mangrove ages, seasons, nor depth levels, except for TOC showing significant difference between the two seasons. The methane emission rates from the mangroves varied depending on seasons and ages of the mangrove. However, this did not show significant correlation with the microbial community shifts, suggesting that abundance of methanogens was not the driving factor for mangrove soil microbial communities.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

Fabrics dyed with artemisia extract have quite natural and elegant tones of color. This study purposed to find the best one for dyeing among artemisia collected in the four seasons in order to develop a more efficient method of dyeing with artemisia. As for the method of research, the researcher dyed wool fabric and silk fabric with artemisia, and measured dyeability according to the number of repeats of dyeing, coloration by post-mordant, color fastness to washing, color fastness to dry cleaning and color fastness to light. The results are as follows. 1. In dyeing with artemisia, dyeability was improved as the number of repeat of dying increased, and it was higher in wool fabric than in silk fabric. 2. Among artemisia collected in the four seasons, autumn artemisia had dyeability much inferior to that of artemisia from the other seasons, and winter artemisia had the best dyeability. 3. According to the result of treating fabric with post-mordant, the dyeability was improved significantly, and coloration was most remarkable when copper and iron mordant were used. 4. The color fastness to washing and color fastness to dry cleaning of fabric mordanted with artemisia were as high as grade 4-5 and grade 5 respectively. The color fastness to light was highest in winter artemisia as grade 4.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2014

Status of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) colonization in seven tree species (Albizia saman, Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., Albizia lebbeck, Chickrassia tabularis A. Juss., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnn., Gmelina arborea (Roxb) DC, Swietenia macrophylla King.) collected from the hilly areas of Chittagong University (CU) was investigated. Roots and rhizosphere soil samples were collected in different seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon). Percentage of AM colonization in root and number of spores/100 gm dry soil were assessed. The result of the investigation reveals that the intensity and percentage of AM colonization varied in different forest tree species in different seasons. In this study, maximum AM colonization and spore population were found in pre-monsoon and minimum were in monsoon season. The intensity of colonization was maximum in C. tabularis (74.43%) in pre-monsoon, A. lebbeck (69.45%) in monsoon and S. macrophylla (67.8%) in post monsoon seasons and minimum in A. auriculiformis (53.75%) during pre-monsoon, A. saman (24.4%) in monsoon and A. saman (19.36%) in post monsoon. The number of spores found per 100 g dry soil ranged between 164-376 during pre-monsoon, 27-310 during monsoon and 194-299 in post monsoon season. Out of six recognized genera of AM fungi, Glomus, Sclerocystis, Entrophospora, Scutellospora, Acaulospora and other unidentified spores were observed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 1997

A study was conducted on the effects of ploughing on physiological responses of male and female Bali-cattle. A $2{\times}2{\times}6{\times}8$ factorial design (2 seasons, 2 sexes, 6 days and 8 consecutive time of measurements every 30 minutes) was employed. Responses during the cool/humid season were lower than hot/dry; respiration rate (RR) was 52 vs 75/min, rectal temperature(RT) was 39.1 vs $39.5^{\circ}C$ and skin temperature (ST) was 37.1 vs $37.6^{\circ}C$. Within sexes, males were less tolerant than females in that their RR (66 vs 61 breath/min), RT (39.4 vs $39.2^{\circ}C$) and ST (37.6 vs $37.1^{\circ}C$) were each higher than females during work. With increasing time, during the average 2.5 h working period gradual increases in RR, RT and ST were recorded and the overall increases of 84 breath/min, $1.9^{\circ}C$ and $13.8^{\circ}C$ respectively (p < 0.001). Packed cell volume (PCV) data indicated significant difference between sexes, time and season (p < 0.001, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively). Within time (before and after 2.5 h working) the PCV decreased from 27.4 to 25.6%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1991

Research was conducted to determine the micromineral status of grazing cattle in three climatic regions of the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Soil, forage, blood and liver samples were collected within the Western, Central and Eastern regions in February-March and August-September of 1987. Forages were deficient in copper, selenium and zinc. Serum copper was deficient in all regions but zinc was deficient more in the dry season. Liver copper was deficient in all regions and both seasons except in the central region in the rainy season. Based on the analyses, microminerals most likely deficient in both the rainy and dry seasons for each region were as follows: Western-copper, selenium and zinc; Central-manganese and copper; Eastern-selenium, copper and zinc. Some degree of molybdenum excess was found in the Eastern region.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2007

The Kuem-River, one of the largest rivers in Korea, is the primary water source for more than 4 million people in Kongju city and surrounding area. To study the effect of stormwater runoff to CSOs, twelve monitoring sites were selected in two large cities (City of Kongju and City of Buyeo) near the Kuem-River. Monitoring was reformed by collecting grab samples, measuring flow rates during dry and wet seasons during over two rainy seasons. Generally the flow rate of wastewater in combined sewers was rapidly decreased after 23:00 P.M. and gradually increased from 06:30 A.M. in all sites during the dry season. The concentrations of pollutant increase approximately 5 to 7 fold for TSS and 1.5 to 2.5 fold for BOD during the rainy season. Monitoring and statistical analysis show that the groundwater contributes on sewage volume increase (average 25-45% more) during dry periods and the stormwater runoff contributes approximately 51-72% increase during rainy periods. Generally the concentrations of combined sewage were more polluted during the first flush period than after the first flush during a storm event.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2018

In this study we conducted a weekly monitoring exercise at a fixed station in the saltwater zone during the dry season (Jan-Mar, 2013) and wet season (Jun-Aug, 2013) to understand the fluctuations in phytoplankton communities and environmental factors in the Youngsan River estuary altered by a dike constructed in the coastal area. Phytoplankton communities displayed seasonality; diatoms were dominant during the dry season whereas dinoflagellates were dominant during the wet season. T-test analysis showed that water temperature was significantly different between the seasons whereas freshwater discharge from the dike was not significantly different. This suggests that seasonal variations of phytoplankton are more likely affected by water temperature than freshwater discharge. However, a short-term fluctuation was also observed in response to freshwater discharge; freshwater species appeared during or after the discharge in the dry and wet seasons and blooms of harmful species developed after the discharge. Phytoplankton communities may be affected by changes in physical factors such as turbidity and salinity and nutrient supply resulting from freshwater discharge. Especially, the nutrient supply may directly contribute to the harmful algal blooms (HABs) composed of dinoflagellates which can adapt to low salinity after freshwater discharge.