• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.658-664
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine a proper feeding regime for lactating Holstein cows during the warm season in Taiwan. In Feeding Trial, 21 lactating Holstein cows were randomly allotted into three feeding regimes in a Completely Randomized Design. The feeding regimes were roughage fed ad libitum along with concentrate fed either twice daily (2C) or four times daily (4C), and total mixed ration (TMR) for 8 weeks. No significant differences among the three feeding regimes were found in body weight changes, and intakes in terms of dry matter, crude protein and net energy. For milk yield and 4% FCM yield, 4C were higher than the other two feeding regimes (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in milk compositions or differences noted in the yields of the respective milk components. TMR was worse than 2C and 4C (p<0.05) in milk production efficiencies in terms of dry matter intake per kg milk yield, crude protein intake per kg milk protein yield, as well as dry matter intake, net energy intake and crude protein intake per kg 4% FCM yield. Three ruminally fistulated Holstein dry cows were randomly assigned into the same three feeding regimes in a 3${\times}$3 Latin Square Design. No significant differences were found among the feeding regimes in ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen, total VFA concentration, molar percentages of VFA, and acetic acid: propionic acid ratio (C$_2$/C$_3$). Taken all together, roughage fed ad libitum and concentrate fed four times daily was the better feeding regime for lactating cows during the warm season in Taiwan.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1992

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of soil phosphorus level on plant length, dry matter yield and competition in annual and perennial plants.The effect of phosphorus fertilizer on the plant length and dry matter yield was low in the perennial plant of Miscanthus sinensis, SaSa palmata and ilrtemlsia princeps, but was high in the annual plant of Polygonwn thunbergii and Echinochloa crus-galli.The plant length, density and dry matter yield of Italian ryegrass in individual natural community did not depend on relative photosynthetic photon flux density but on total and available phosphorus of soil.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 1989

This field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of grazing and cutting management on the forage production and botanical composition at different legumes sown swards of the experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station. in Suweon, from Aug. 1985 to Oct. 1988. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Dry matter yield of cutting management (1213.0 kg/lOa) was higher by 19% than that of grazing management (1016.8 kg/lOa). Yield of pasture mixtures including alfalfa both cutting and grazing were higher than those including ladino clover and red clover. Yield under grazing was inferior to cutting in the first year but superior in the second year. 2. Seasonal dry matter production under grazing showed 5 1% in spring, 33% in summer and 16% in autumn, but under cutting showed 46% in spring, 42% in summer and 12% in autumn. 3. Daily dry matter production per 10a under grazing is decreased 5.9 kg in spring, 5.5 kg in summer and 3.7 kg in autumn. But under cutting is decreased 8.7 kg in summer, 6.6 kg in spring and 3.4 kg in autumn. 4. Botanical compositions of mixtures swards involving ladino clover and red clover were not influenced by method of defoliation. But mixtures swards including alfalfa were highly influenced by method of defoliation. Alfalfa ratio at the time of final utilization under grazing was about 30%, but under cutting was about 70-80%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1691-1700
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• 2012

The experiment studied the effect of harvesting frequencies and varieties on yield, chemical composition and hydrogen cyanide content in cassava foliage. Foliage from three cassava varieties, K94 (very bitter), K98-7 (medium bitter) and a local (sweet), were harvested in three different cutting cycles, at 3, 6 and 9 months; 6 and 9 months and 9 months after planting, in a 2-yr experiment carried out in Hanoi, Vietnam. Increasing the harvesting frequency increased dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) production in cassava foliage. The K94 variety produced higher foliage yields than the other two varieties. Dry matter, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and total tannin content increased with months to the first harvest, whereas CP content decreased. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) content was lower at the first harvest than at later harvests for all cutting cycles. At subsequent harvests the content of total tannins tended to decline, while HCN content increased (p<0.05). Chemical composition differed somewhat across varieties except for total tannins and ash. Dry matter, NDF, ADF and total tannins were higher in fully matured leaves, while CP and HCN were lower in developing leaves.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2000

Triticale(Moniko, Presto, Tewo), wheat(Kitami 66, Tsukisarnul, chihoku) and rye(Almo, Warko, Mardar) were harvested in heading, milk, dough and ripe stage. Effects of various harvesting stage on the feed chemical composition and in vitro digestibility(IVDMD) was investigated in these species and varieties. 1. Dry matter yield increased with advancing maturity regardless of forage species. Among the species triticale plants showed the highest yield. 2. The chemical composition of triticale plants in view of feed value generally placed between wheat and rye plants. 3. IVDMDs of triticale plants decreased from heading to dough stage and then increased at yellow ripe stage, while thoes of wheat and rye plants decreased with advancing maturity. Among plant species triticale. plants showed the highest IVDMD at heading and yellow ripe stage, while rye plants showed the lowest value throughout the maturity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1599-1603
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• 2008

Sodium is involved in elevation of oxalate content in some plant species and this element is abundant in saline soils. Oxalate causes precipitation of insoluble calcium oxalate in the rumen and kidneys. The intention of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil salinity stress on dry matter yield and oxalate content in pot-grown napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach). Plants were cut three times at 56, 118 and 179 d after transplanting to the pots. Five salinity treatments were used containing various concentrations of NaCl solution as follows: 0, 100, 300, 600 and 900 mM. At 28, 42, 84, 98, 146 and 160 d after transplanting, plants were irrigated with one liter of the particular treatment for each application. Dry matter yield of napiergrass was not affected (p>0.05) by salinity treatments. Plants treated with 100 mM NaCl exhibited a higher soluble oxalate content compared to other treatments, but the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Although salinity treatments had significant (p<0.05) effects on insoluble and total oxalate contents in plant tissue between the 100 and 900 mM NaCl treatments, the differences were too small to be considered biologically important. The present study indicates that where the soil is high in NaCl, napiergrass will tend to grow well and be low in oxalate.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted at the forage experimental field, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Suweon in 1992 and 1993 to investigate the effects of tillage method-conventional and rotary-till, rye (Secde cereale L.) harvest date-early (April 14) and late (April 26), and rye residue treatmentno paraquat(1, 1-dinethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) and paraquat in minimizing the adverse effects of the rye residue on growth and yield of succeeding corn(Zea mays L.). Corn plant height during the growing season was slighly taller with conventional tillage relative to rotary-till when rye was harvested in early and treated by paraquat. Corn LA1 during the growing season was slighly increased when rye was harvested in early and where conventional tillage was used with paraquat treatment. There were no differences in the leaf number and silking dates of corn among the tillage methods, harvest dates of rye and paraquat treatments. The dry matter yield of corn was significantly increased by paraquat treatment when rye was harvest in early, but no differences were found in the dry matter percentage, ear percent to total dry matter, and stover, ear and estimated TDN yields of corn among the treatments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 1997

The minimum amounts of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) required to improve the performance of cattle on a straw diet has been studied. Four levels of leucaena, namely 0 (0%), 2 kg (10%), 4 kg (18%) and 6 kg (27% of dietary dry matter intake) were supplied to 4 adult indigenous bulls ($355{\pm}21.5kg$ weight) fed rice straw alone, in a $4{\times}4$ latin square design. Measurements were made on intake, digestibility, N balance and microbial N yield. Up to 10% level of leucaena supplementation, there were no significant improvement on intake, digestibility, microbial N yield and N balance. Both straw and total dry matter intake showed diminishing return to increasing levels of leucaena supplementation and the maximum intake was observed at around 20% level. However, dietary N and digestible organic matter intake, the microbial N yield and the N balance increased linearly to the increasing levels of leucaena supplementation. On a rice straw based diet, the minimum level of leucaena required to improve the animal performance would probably be at around 20% of the dietary intake.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1995

To select the highest yield soiling type forage, the yield performance of selected sorghum-sudangrass hybrids imported in 1992 have been evaluated at Chonnam region. The soiling type hybrids used in this experiment were TE-haygrazer, FP-5 Sudan, Sweet sioux V, and X -78050. Three different cuttings were done on July 6, August 6 and September 16 in 1992. This trial was arranged as a randomized complete block design with three replications under taken over a period 5 months from May to September in 1992. The results of this experiment were summarized as follows: The hybrids tested were not significantly different by plant height, leaf blade length, leaf blade width and stem diameter. In the first cutting, dry matter yield of FP-5 Sudan was the highest. In the second and third cutting, dry matter yield of Sweet sioux V was the highest among hybrids. The contents of crude protein, hemicellulose, relative feeding value(RFV), and amino acid were the highest by the first cutting, but NDF and ADF were shown the lowest.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.360-360
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• 2017

Morphological characteristics indicating agronomic features and yield components (trunk length, trunk diameter, thickness of bark, pith density, dry-matter percentage of pith and starch concentration in pith) of sago palms (Metroxylon sagu Rottbøll) were compared between the 27 populations grown in the islands in Southeast Asia (West Sumatra, South Sumatra, West Java, Southeast Sulawesi, Ternate, Halmahera and Seram in Indonesia) and the 20 populations grown in Melanesia (West Papua in Indonesia, East Sepik and New Ireland island in Papua New Guinea). The average starch yield calculated based on the yield components was $310kg\;plant^{-1}$ and $244kg\;plant^{-1}$ in the islands in Southeast and Melanesia, respectively. The variation of starch yield in Melanesia (CV: about 80%) was larger than that in the islands in Southeast Asia (CV: about 60%). The difference in starch yield in the islands in Southeast Asia was mainly attributed to the trunk diameter breast height and the dry-matter percentage of pith. In contrast, the differences in trunk length and dry-matter percentage of pith mainly accounted for the difference in starch yield in Melanesia. The sago palms in the islands in Southeast Asia had a comparatively thick and short trunk and those in Melanesia had a comparatively thinner and longer trunk. However, the average pith dry-matter yield was almost same level as $400kg\;plant^{-1}$ in both the islands in Southeast Asia and Melanesia. The difference in starch yield between the two areas was attributed to the difference in starch concentration in pith, 77% and 58% in the islands in Southeast Asia and Melanesia, respectively.