• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.908-919
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• 2023

Objective: Information about the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients is needed to accurately formulate animal diets. A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients and to test the hypothesis that there is variation in chemical composition among cassava products originating from different South-East Asian countries. Methods: Sources of dried peeled and unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, cassava meal, high-ash cassava meal, and cassava residue were used. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), ash, minerals, total starch, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber. Samples of peeled and unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal were also analyzed for sugars. Results: High-ash cassava meal had greater (p<0.05) dry matter and ash, but lower (p<0.05) total starch and gross energy than all other cassava products. Peeled cassava roots, unpeeled cassava roots, and cassava chips had greater (p<0.05) total starch than the other cassava-based ingredients. Cassava residue had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of lysine, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber compared with the other cassava products, but tryptophan and glutamic acid were greater (p<0.05) in peeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal samples compared with the other ingredients. Concentration of most minerals was greater (p<0.05) in high-ash cassava meal than in the other cassava products. Conclusion: Cassava-based ingredients sold as peeled roots, unpeeled roots, chips, or meal have chemical compositions that are not different from each other, and peeling has little impact on chemical composition. High-ash cassava meal has lower nutritional quality compared with other cassava products due to low starch and gross energy. The high fiber content in cassava residue makes this ingredient more suitable for ruminants and sows than for younger pigs or poultry.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1997

Alkaline cooking and processing properties of domestic maize were evaluated by comparing to those of imported control maize(Asgrow 404). Domestric maize varieties were hydrated more rapidly and had lower dry matter losses during alkaline cooking than control maize due to softer endosperm texture and incomplete removal of pericarps. Domestic maize varieties produced masas with proper handling properties when nixtamals had 50~52% moisture. However, masas produced from domestic maizes were puffed dur-ing baking and frying process due to the release of more free starch granules in the masa than control masa. Tortilla chips prepared from domestic maizes absorbed more oil during frying and had slightly higher water content with darker color than tortilla chips prepared from control maize. Among the domestic maize hybrids, KS42/Fla2BT113 had more acceptable kernel characteristics of tortilla chips than other varieties.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.206-210
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• 2001

Six Holstein$\times$indigenous multiparous dairy cows, $60{\pm}8$ days in milk, were used in a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design to investigate the efficiency of milk production. The dairy cows were randomly allocated to total mixed rations (TMR) containing ground corn, ground corn plus cassava chips 50:50 and cassava chips as main sources of total non-fiber carbohydrates. Ether extract and calculated energy intakes for dairy cows fed TMR containing cassava chips were lower (p<0.05) than those fed TMR containing ground corn and ground corn plus cassava chips 50:50. There were no differences (p>0.05) in daily DM intake (3.51, 3.41 and 3.29% BW), in 4% fat corrected milk (19.66, 20.59 and 20.23%), in milk protein (3.37, 3.27 and 3.33%), and in solids-not-fat (9.03, 8.90 and 8.99%) but there were differences in cost of diets per kg of 4% fat corrected milk (40.75, 34.33 and 28.17%; p<0.01) for dairy cows fed TMR containing ground corn, ground corn plus cassava chips 50:50, and cassava chips. It can be concluded that the efficiency of milk production (4% fat corrected milk per dry matter intake) for dairy cows fed TMR containing cassava was greater than for those fed TMR containing corn.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2015

This paper develops and evaluates a mechanical machining process which involves drilling on PVS material. According to the material, two treatment experiments were conducted, one involving drilling in a wet condition or using a lubricant and one involving drilling in a dry condition with no lubricant. Drilling in a dry condition showed better performance in terms of the cutting time than in the wet condition. Otherwise, the wet condition has several advantages. The lubricant influenced the burr diameter size and minimized the temperature on the surface of the work piece. During the wet condition drilling process, a smaller burr diameter size was noted as compared to the dry condition. The temperature showed a linear correlation with the drill bit size, where a least-square analysis provided an $R^2$valuewhichexceeded 0.95. The wet condition required more cutting time than the dry condition. In this condition, the water provides a lubrication effect. A thin layer between the cutting edges and the surface of the work piece is formed. The chip formation is affected by the drilling depth. The color on the tips of the chips was darker than in the initial condition. No correlation between the drilling depth and the bore roughness was noted, but the variation of the cutting speed or the RPM influenced the roughness of the bore. The optimum cutting speed ranged from 40 RPM to 45 RPM in the condition which provided the finest roughness surface.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2008

AlGaInP high-brightness LEDs(HB-LEDs) have gained importance a variety of application operating in the red, orange, yellow and yellow-green wavelength. The light generated from inside LED chips should be emitted to the air through the surfaces of the chips. However, because of the differences between the semiconductor and air or epoxy's refractive index, some of the light was blocked so that caused lowering external quantum efficiency. In this study, nano-scale roughness on the top-GaP layer of AlGaInP epitaxial wafer was fabricated to improve' the brightness of AlGaInP LEDs. Nano-scale roughness was made by ICP dry etcher. Our AlGaInP LEDs with nano-scale roughness has higher brightness (about 28.5 %) than standard AlGaInP LEDs.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 무미, 무취의 생마로부터 생리활성과 관능성이 강화된 산약칩 가공제품 개발을 목표로, 사과, 오미자, 포도, 머루, 오렌지, 토마토, 홍삼 및 흑마늘 주스에 동결건조 생마절편을 침지하여 과실주스의 관능성분 및 유용활성 성분을 흡착시키고, 이를 다시 동결건조하여 산약칩을 제조하였다. 제조된 산약칩의 색차 (명도, 적색도 및 황색도), pH, brix, 산도, 총폴리페놀, 총플라보노이드, 총당, 환원당 함량 및 항산화 활성, nitrite 소거능을 평가한 결과, 산약칩은 동결건조한 생마절편에 비해 과일주스의 단맛과 상쾌함, 과일 색소로 인한 시각적인 관능성 증대, 총폴리페놀 함량 증가에 따른 항산화능 증대 등 유용생리활성과 관능성이 증가되었음을 확인하였다. 선호도가 높은 포도주스 산약칩 제조를 위한 최적 생마 침지시간을 평가한 결과, 120초 침지가 관능성 및 항산화능이 가장 증가되어 있음을 확인하였다. 향후, 다양한 과일주스 산약칩 제조를 위한 침지 및 제조조건의 최적화 연구 및 기호도 평가가 필요하다. 본 연구결과는 생마를 이용한 고부가가치 가공식품 제조의 기초자료로 이용될 것이며, 무미, 무취의 생마로부터 기능성과 관능성이 강화된 산약칩 가공제품 생산이 가능함을 제시한다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2000

양액 재배용 배지의 국산화 필요성과 양액 재배 폐암면 재활용 배지를 개발하기 위하여 입자화된 폐암면과 목재 파쇄 입자를 혼합한 배지에서, 페튜니아 플러그묘를 재배하여 배지로서의 효과를 알아보고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. 1차 실험은 소독한 폐암면 입자와 파쇄기로 파쇄한 후 6개월 동안 후숙한 뒤 2.8mm와 5.6mm 체를 통과한 밤나무 입자를 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100 부피비율로 조합한 혼합 배지에서 페튜니아의 생육을 조사하였다. 그리고 2차 실험은 소독한 폐암면에 4mm 밤나무 파쇄 입자, 4mm 소나무 파쇄 입자, 코이어, 피트모스, 그리고 펄라이트를 조합하여 만든 20가지 혼합 상토배지에서 공시식물의 생육을 조사하였다. 페튜니아의 생육을 조사한 결과 1차 실험에서는 밤나무 입자의 크기에 따른 생육은 유의차가 없었고, 대조구와 100% 폐암면인 처리구에서 생육이 좋았으며 밤나무의 혼합 비율이 높아질수록 생육이 저조하였다. 2차 실험에서 페튜니아의 초장, 지상부 생체중과 건물중은 폐암면+피트모스+코이어에서 가장 높았고, 다음으로 폐암면+피트모스구에서 높게 나타났다. 밤나무나 소나무를 혼합한 처리구에서 초장이 낮게 나타났는데, 특히 밤나무를 혼합한 처리구에서 낮게 나타났다. 지하부 등급은 폐암면+피트모스+펄라이트구에서 가장 높았고, 다음으로 대조구, 폐암면+피트모스+코이어구 순으로 높게 나타났다. 즉 폐암면 100%나 이것에 피트모스, 코이어, 또는 펄라이트를 혼합한 구에서 대조구보다 양호한 생육을 보인 반면 폐암면, 피트모스, 또는 코이어의 혼합비율이 낮아질수록 생육이 억제되었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.208-215
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• 2008

기존의 목모시멘트보드는 폐목재칩을 이용한 낮은 품질의 시멘트보드였으나, 최근 목재를 섬유형태로 가공하여 제조되는 목모보드는 미관이 수려하고, 흡음 및 단열성이 우수한 내장재로 외국에는 널리 알려진 재료이나, 국내에서는 전량 수입에 의존함에 따라 고가이며 안정적 자재확보의 문제로 인해 다양한 방면의 활용이 이루어지지 못하였다. 그러나, 2005년부터 국내생산이 가능해짐에 따라 경제성 확보 및 자재의 안정적 공급이 가능해짐에 따라 다양한 분야로의 활용이 모색되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 목모보드의 활용을 높이기 위하여, 목모보드의 일반특성, 난연성능을 평가하고 건식벽체로 구성하였을 경우 내화성능을 평가함으로써 그 활용성을 모색해보고자 하였다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.661-666
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• 2005

The specific objectives of this study were to dry yam chips using microwave vacuum drying, freeze drying and hot air drying, then to coat the dried yam chips with ascorbic acid cocrystallized sucrose, and finally to compare the quality of yam chip snack foods with respect to drying and coating characteristics. The microwave vacuum dried sample showed the highest drying rates and much less surface damage than the hot air dried one did. The shape and color of the microwave vacuum dried/coated sample were allocated between those of the freeze dried/coated sample and the hot air dried/coated sample. The freeze dried/coated sample scored excessively low in organoleptic hardness and chewiness to be suitable as a snack. The hot air dried/coated sample was too deep in color, wrinkled, excessively high in organoleptic hardness and chewiness, and excessively low in mouthfeeling. Therefore, the microwave vacuum dried/coated sample presented the best overall attributes as a snack, with respect to organoleptic characteristics, shape, color, and drying rates.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.18-27
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• 1998

Biopulping is defined as the treatment of wood chips with lignin-degrading fungi prior to pulping. Fungal pretreatment prior to mechanical pulping reduces electrical energy requirements during refining or increases mill throughput, improves paper strength, reduces the pitch content, and reduces the environmental impact of pulping. Our recent work involved scaling up the biopulping process towards the industrial level, investigating both the engineering and economic feasibility. We envision the process to be done in either a chip-pile or silo-based system for which several factors need to be considered: the degree of decontamination, a hospitable environment for the fungus, and the overall process economics. Currently, treatment of the chips with low-pressure steam is sufficient for decontamination and a simple, forced ventilation system maintains the proper temperature, humidity, and moisture conditions, thus promoting uniform growth of the fungus. The pilot-scale trial resulted in the successful treatment of 4 tons of wood chips (dry weight basis) with results comparable to those on a laboratory. Larger, 40-ton trials were also successful, with energy savings and paper properties comparable with the laboratory scale. The overall economics of the process also look very favorable and can result in significant annual savings to the mill. Although the current research has focused on biopulping for mechanical pulping, it is also beneficial for sulfite chemical pulping and some applications to recycled fiber have been investigated.