• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 2001

The influence of levulinic acid (LA) on the production of copolyester consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) by Ralstonia eutropha was investigated. Addition of LA into the culture medium greatly increased the molar fraction of 3HV in the copolyester, indicating that LA can be utilized as a precursor of 3HV. In shake flask culture, the 3HV content in the copolyester increased from 7 to 75 mol% by adding 0.5 to 4.0 g/L LA to the medium containing fructose syrup as a main carbon source. A maximal copolyester concentration of 3.6 g/L (69% of dry cell weight) was achieved with a 3HV content of 40 mo1% in a jar fermentor culture containing 4.0 g/L of LA. When LA (total concentration, 4 g/L) was added repeatedly into a fermentor culture to maintain its concentration at a low level, the copolyester content and the 3HV yield from LA reached up to 85% of dry cell weight and 5.0 g/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than those when the same concentration of the LA was supplied al1 at once. The present results indicated that LA is more effective than propionate or valerate as a cosubstrate fur the production of copolyesters with varying molar fractions of 3HV by R. eutropha.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2007

The red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (previously named Phaffia rhodozyma) produces astaxanthin pigment among many carotenoids. The mutant X. dendrorhous G276 was isolated by chemical mutagenesis. The mutant produced about 2.0 mg of carotenoid per g of yeast cell dry weight and 8.0 mg/L of carotenoid after 5 days batch culture with YM media; in comparison, the parent strain produced 0.66 mg/g of yeast cell dry weight and a carotenoid concentration of 4.5 mg/L. We characterized the utilization of carbon sources by the mutant strain and screened various edible plant extracts to enhance the carotenoid production. The addition of Perilla frutescens (final concentration, 5%) or Allium fistulosum extracts (final concentration, 1%) enhanced the pigment production to about 32 mg/L. In a batch fermentor, addition of Perilla frutescens extract reduced the cultivation time by two days compared to control (no extract), which usually required five-day incubation to fully produce astaxanthin. The results suggest that plant extracts such as Perilla frutescens can effectively enhance astaxanthin production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.570-575
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• 2004

Three different strains of carotenoid accumulating XantlwphyUomyces dendrorhous mutants, JH1, JH2, and JH3, were isolated by NTG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) mutagenesis, which might potentially be useful for animal feed as well as for studies on the regulation and biosynthesis of astaxanthin. Mutants were selected based on the capability of growth and carotenoid production on the YM agar plate containing chemical inhibitor, $\beta$-ionone. Astaxanthin-overproducing mutant JH1 produced 4.032 mg astaxanthinlg dry cell weight, and this value was about 15-folds higher than that of wild-type. $\beta$-Carotene-overproducing mutant JH2 produced 0.273 mg $\beta$-carotene/g dry cell weight, and this was 4-folds increase from that of wild-type. In contrast, JH3 was a white-colored mutant that was unable to produce carotenoid pigment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.879-887
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• 2021

This study was carried out for elucidating bioacive properties of three domestic tomato cultivars. Total polyphenol and flavonoid of Rafito, Momotaro and Medison were 10.44±1.84, 11.14±1.95, 12.26±1.82 and 3.62±0.57, 3.24±0.35, 3.87±0.60 mg/g(dry weight) respectively. Domestic tomatoes showed DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. All of tomatoes had no cytotoxicity for normal liver cell, but showed remarkable growth inhibitory effect against cervical cancer cell and liver cancer cell. These results suggested that domestic tomatoes can be used as a bioactive food material.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.259-265
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• 2012

In this study, we determined total polyphenol content(TPC) and total flavonoid content(TFC) of extracts from Korean cabbage and cabbage using a spectrophotometric method as well as glucosinolates concentration by HPLC. TPCs of Korean cabbage and cabbage extracts were 308.48 ${\mu}g$ GAE/g dry weight and 344.75 ${\mu}g$ GAE/g dry weight, respectively. TFCs of Korean cabbage and cabbage extracts were 5.33 ${\mu}g$ QE/g dry weight and 5.95 ${\mu}g$ QE/g dry weight, respectively. We found six different glucosinolates, namely progoitrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin in the Korean cabbage extract. In the cabbage extract, there was four glucosinolates, namely glucoraphanin, sinigrin, glucobrassicin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin. We determined the cytotoxic effect of Korean cabbage and cabbage extracts in AGS human stomach cancer cells, HepG2 human hepatic cancer cells and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells by MTT assay. Dose-dependent relationships were found between the extract concentrations and cancer cell growth inhibition. The overall results support that both Korean cabbage and cabbage, the major vegetables in Korea, contain bioactive compounds such as polypheol, flavonoids as well as glucosinolates and they may play a positive role in cancer prevention.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.687-691
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• 2003

Whole-cell immobilization of the hydrocarbon rich microalgae, Botryococcus braunii and B. protuberans, in alginate beads under air-lift batch cultures resulted in a significant increase in chlorophyll, carotenoid, dry weight, and 1ipid contents at stationary and resting growth phases, as compared to free cells. Photosynthetic activity in both the species, of Botryococcus was enhanced, relative to free cells, at any growth phase of cultures. Immobilization exerted a protective influence on ageing of the cultures as reflected by higher chlorophyll and dry weight contents. Entrapment also stabilized the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents even at stationary and resting phases as compared to free cells in both the species.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2016

The phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and neuronal cell protective effect of Cirsium japonicum extract were evaluated in this study. High performance liquid chromatography mass analysis showed that C. japonicum was composed of chlorogenic acid, linarin, and pectolinarin. C. japonicum extract showed its antioxidant activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 567 and $130{\mu}g/mL$ by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, respectively. The total antioxidant capacities of C. japonicum via DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays were 11.32, 100.15, and $12.76{\mu}g/mL$ trolox equivalents, respectively. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of C. japonicum extract was investigated by measuring cell viability via MTT, LDH and DCF-DA assay using $H_2O_2-damaged$ PC12 cells. C. japonicum extract showed neuronal cell protective effects in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that C. japonicum extract has potent antioxidant and neuronal protective effects. Therefore, C. japonicum can be regarded as an effective and safe functional food resource as natural antioxidants, and may decrease the risk of neurodegenerative disorders.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.68-74
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• 2003

Kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar, Tainung 2, had been grown for 152 days at the experimental farm of Jinju National University, Gajoa-dong, Jinju-si, Kyongnam, Korea. The planting, growth rate, fertilization and structural characteristics as well as the cultivation and growth characteristics of kenaf, and the product usage were investigated. The narrowest diameter at kenaf bottom was 10 mm, the widest 42 mm and the average about 28 mm, and the shortest height 150 cm, the tallest 480 cm and the average about 350 cm. The weight of a core fraction was 68.1％ and a bast fraction 31.9％. The weight ratio of core material to bast fiber was 2.31. The weight ratio of dry stem was 73.5％ and that of leaves 26.5％. The weight of dry plant produced in 1 $m^2$ was 1,467 g, and about 1,052 g of stem could be used for the commercial purpose, The application of fertilizers resulted in the increase of the growth rate of the diameter at plant bottom and the height. Bast fiber, phloem ray and cortex parenchyma cell were observed in bast, and vessel, wood fiber and ray in core.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 1976

A strain of Enterobacter cloacae isolated from soil showed the evidence of growth in medium containing 1,500 ppm of Cd$\^$＋＋/ though its growth was inhibited at high cadmium concentrations. This strain accumulated 59％ of cadmium into the cells during incubation in medium containing 0.5 ppm of cadmium and its uptake was nearly proportional to the dry weight of cells, the average being 7.8 mg cadmium per g dry cells. It was also found that 60-70％ of cadmium accumulated in cells were distributed in the cell wall fraction.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 1998

A structured kinetic model is proposed to describe cell growth and secondary metabolite, flavone glycosides, synthesis in batch suspension culture of Scutellaria baicalensis G. The model has been developed by representing the physiological state of cell described as the activity and viability which can be estimated based on the culture fluorescence. In the model, three type of cells are considered; active-viable, nonactive-viable and dead cells. Viable cell weight could be determined based on the relative fluorescence intensity. The flavone glycosides could be produced by both active-viable and non-active viable cells with a different production rate. And the model includes the cell expansion due to glucose concentration and death phase which accounts for the release of intracellular secondary metabolite into medium. Dependent variables include substrate concentration(glucose), cell mass(dry cell weight and fresh cell weight), product concentration(flavone glycosides), activity and viability. Satisfactory agreement between the model and experimental data is obtained from shake flask culture of Scutellaria baicalensis G. The proposed model can predict the cell growth and flavone glycosides synthesis as well as intermediate materials.