• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2019

The nanosecond laser assisted ablation have been investigated. The biocompatable polymer PMMA was employed as the target material and the two distinctive surface conditions were test. The first surface condition is a dry surface for which the target surface is exposed to air and the second surface condition is the wet surface for which the target surface is covered with dehydrated water. The ablation volume, the laser induced acoustic wave, the laser induced plasma were investigated for both wet and dry condition. The nanosecond laser pulse ablatied more on the wet surface compared to the dry surface. The enhanced ablation of wet surface is attributed to the confined acoustic wave and the laser-induced plasma in the liquid layer.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.261-272
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• 2012

Molten Core Concrete Interaction (MCCI) is a complex process characterized by concrete ablation and volatile generation; Thermal and solutal convection in a bubble-agitated melt; Physico-chemical evolution of the corium pool with a wide solidification range (of the order of 1000 K). Twelve experiments have been carried out in the VULCANO facility with prototypic corium and sustained heating. The dry oxidic corium tests have contributed to show that silica-rich concrete experience an anisotropic ablation. This unexpected ablation pattern is quite reproducible and can be recalculated, provided an empirical anisotropy factor is assumed. Dry tests with oxide and metal liquid phases have also yielded unexpected results: a larger than expected steel oxidation and unexpected topology of the metallic phase (at the bottom of the cavity and also on the vertical concrete walls). Finally, VULCANO has proved its interest for the study of mitigation solutions such as the COMET bottom flooding core catcher.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.380-384
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• 1997

This study was performed to understand the exogenous-water-drop induced thermomechanical effect on the tooth in the free-running Er:YAG laser mode for the proper use of water as a laser energy absorber and coolant in dentistry. The ree-running Er:YAG laser was used in the dental hard tissue ablation study. A Microjet system was employed to dispense precise water drops. Ablation rate, recoil momentum, and temperature rise in the pulp cavity were measured with and without an exogenous water drop on the tooth surface. Exogenous water enhanced ablation rate in the thick tooth in which the ablation rate on the dry surface does not increase linearly but shows plateau. Optimal exogenous water volume was shifted from 2 nl to 4 nl as the laser energy was increased from 48 mJ to 145 mJ. The magnitude of the recoil momentum was increased as the volume of exogenous water increased. The results of this study suggest that we must pay attention to the recoil momentum or recoil pressure study or the optimal and safe usage of water in the dental treatment because these mechanical effects depend on the volume of exogenous water on the tooth surface.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.90-100
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• 2021

Molten corium-concrete interaction (MCCI) is one of the most important phenomena that can lead to the potential hazard of late containment failure due to basemat penetration during a severe accident. In this study, MCCI analytical models of the CORQUENCH code were prepared through verification calculations of several experiments, which had been performed using concrete types similar to those of the calandria vault floor in CANDU-6 plants. The behaviors of thermal-hydraulic variables related to MCCI phenomena were analyzed under the conditions of dry floor and water flooding during the severe accident stemming from a hypothetic station blackout. Uncertainty analyses on the ablation depth were also carried out. It was estimated that the concrete ablation was not interrupted due to the continuous MCCI process under the dry condition but was terminated within 24 hours under the water flooding condition. It was confirmed that the water flooding as a mitigating action was effective to achieve the quenching and thermal stabilization of the melt discharged from the calandria vessel, showing that the present models are capable of reasonably simulating MCCI phenomena in CANDU-6 plants. This study is expected to provide the technical bases to the accident management strategy during the late-phase severe accidents.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1998

One macroscopic effect in the free-running Er:YAG laser is an accumulation of microscopic effects. Understanding of the exogenous water induced mechanical effect on the dental hard tissue by the Qswitched Er:YAG laser has an important impact on the further understanding of the free-running Er:YAG laser ablation on the dental hard tissue. The Q-switched Er:YAG laser (1-$\mu$s-long pulse width) was used in the recoil pressure measurement with an aid of water-jet system and a pressure transducer. The amplitude of the recoil pressure depends on the tooth surface conditions (dry and wet) and the volume of the water upon it. Wet surfaces yielded higher recoil pressure than that of dry, surface, and as the volume of the exogenous water drop increased, the amplitude of the recoil pressure increased also.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.3491-3496
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• 2007

If a molten core is released from a reactor vessel into a reactor cavity during a severe accident, an important safety issue of coolability of the molten core from top-flooding and concrete ablation due to a molten core concrete interaction (MCCI) is still unresolved. The released molten core debris would attack the concrete wall and basemat of the reactor cavity, which will lead to inevitable concrete decompositions and possible radiological releases. In a OECD/MCCI project scheduled for 4 years from 2002. 1 to 2005. 12, a series of tests were performed to secure the data for cooling the molten core spread out at the reactor cavity and for the 2-D long-term core concrete interaction (CCI). The tests included not only separate effect tests such as a melt eruption, water ingression, and crust failure tests with a prototypic material but also 2-D CCI tests with a prototypic material under dry and flooded cavity conditions. The paper deals with the transient simulations on the CCI-2 test by using a severe accident analysis code, CORQUENCH, which was developed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). Similar simulations had been already per for me d by using MELCOR 1.8.5 code. Unlike the MELCOR 1.8.5, the CORQUENCH includes a melt eruption mode I and a newly developed water ingression model based on the water ingression tests under the OECD/MCCI project. In order to adjust the geometrical differences between the CCI-2 test (rectangular geometry) and the simulations (cylindrical geometry), the same scaling methodology as used in the MELCOR simulation was applied. For the direct comparison of the simulation results, the same inputs for the MELCOR simulation were used. The simulation results were compared with the previous results by using MELCOR 1.8.5.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2004

[ $CO_2$ ]laser ablation rates for bulk 4H-SiC substrates and GaN/AIN/SiC templates in the range 229-870 ${\mu}m.min^{-1}$ were obtained for pulse energies of 7.5-30 mJ over diameters of 50·500 ${\mu}m$ with a Q-switched pulse width of ${\sim}30$ nsec and a pulse frequency of 8 Hz. The laser drilling produces much higher etch rates than conventional dry plasma etching (0.2 - 1.3 ${\mu}m/min$) making this an attractive maskless option for creating through-wafer via holes in SiC or GaN/AlN/SiC templates for power metal-semiconductor field effect transistor applications. The via entry can be tapered to facilitate subsequent metallization by control of the laser power and the total residual surface contamination can be minimized in a similar fashion and with a high gas throughput to avoid redeposition. The sidewall roughness is also comparable or better than conventional via holes created by plasma etching.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.45.1-45.8
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• 2015

Background: Radial forearm free flap is the most reliable flap for intraoral soft tissue reconstruction after cancer ablation surgery. However, unesthetic scar of the donor site and the need for a second donor site for skin graft are major disadvantages of the forearm flap. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical results of double-layered collagen graft to the donor site of the forearm free flap without skin graft. Methods: Twenty-two consecutive patients who underwent oral cancer ablation and forearm reconstruction between April 2010 and November 2013 were included in this study. Male to female ratio was 12:10, and average age was 61.0 years old (27-84). Double-layered collagen was grafted to the donor site of the forearm free flap and healed for secondary intention. Upper silicone had been trimmed at the periphery during secondary intention, and dry dressing was used. Postoperative scar healing and esthetic results and function were evaluated. Results: An average follow-up period was 34.9 months. The scar area was decreased to 63.9 % in average. The complete healing was obtained between 1.5 and 3 months according to the defect size. There was no functional defect or impairment 3 months after operation. All patients were satisfied with the esthetic results. Three patients died of recurred cancer. Conclusions: Double-layered collagen graft was successfully performed in this study. Without the thigh skin graft, patients had experienced less painful postoperative healing periods and discomfort.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.481-491
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• 2014

빙상이나 빙하, 빙붕에서 푸른색의 얼음이 지표에 노출되어 있는 지역을 청빙지대라 한다. 이는 빙하 표면에 쌓인 눈이 바람에 의해 침식되거나 기온과 일사량에 따른 승화로 인해 대부분 제거되기 때문이다. 청빙지대는 운석이 농집되기 쉽고 빙체의 질량균형에 매우 큰 영향을 미치기 때문에, 청빙의 노출도 및 밀집도에 대한 정량적 지표의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 2007~2012년에 동남극 맥머도 드라이벨리를 촬영한 MODIS 영상을 이용하여 청빙과 눈, 구름의 분광반사특성을 분석하고, 청빙의 노출도 및 밀집도를 정량화 할 수 있는 정규청빙지수(Normalized Difference Blue-ice Index, NDBI) 알고리즘을 고안하였다. 눈과 구름은 가시광선과 근적외선 파장대역에서 매우 높은 반사율을 나타낸다. 청빙은 청색 파장대역에서 높은 반사율을 보이는 반면에, 근적외선 파장대역에서 낮은 반사율을 보인다. NDBI 알고리즘은 청색과 근적외선 파장대역에서의 반사율 차이를 두 반사율의 합으로 나누는 것으로 표현된다[NDBI = (Blue - NIR)/(Blue + NIR)]. 청빙의 NDBI는 노출도와 밀집도에 따라 0.2~0.5의 값을 가지며, 0.2 이하의 값을 가지는 눈과 구름이나 음수의 값을 나타내는 암석으로부터 명확히 구분되었다. 청빙의 NDBI가 시간에 따라 변화하는 현상은 맥머도 드라이벨리의 기상관측소에서 측정된 풍속($R^2=0.012$)이나 기온($R^2=0.278$) 보다는 적설두께와 가장 높은 상관성($R^2=0.699$)을 나타냈다. 적설두께가 증가할수록 NDBI 값은 감소하였는데, 이는 청빙지대의 NDBI 값으로부터 적설량의 추정이 가능함을 의미한다. 이 연구에서 개발된 NDBI 알고리즘은 운석탐사, 빙체의 질량균형 분석, 적설량 추정 등 다양한 극지연구 분야에서 매우 유용하게 사용될 것으로 전망된다.