• 제목/요약/키워드: drugs

검색결과 6,473건 처리시간 0.048초

50세 이상 여성을 대상으로 한 보건소 기반 고혈압 영양교육의 효과 평가 (Effect of a public health center-based nutrition education program for hypertension in women older than 50 years of age)

  • 박서연;권종숙;김혜경
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제51권3호
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    • pp.228-241
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 선행연구로 개발된 고혈압 관리를 위한 식생활 영양교육 프로그램의 효과를 평가하고자 서울의 3개 지역 보건소에서 50세 이상의 여성을 대상으로 영양교육 8주와 추후관리 8주로 구성된 16주간의 교육을 실시하고 정상혈압군 (71명)과 정상혈압을 초과한 고혈압군 (44명)으로 나누어 분석하였다. 교육시작 전, 8주 교육 후, 프로그램이 종료된 16주 후에 실시한 혈압 측정 및 신체계측, 혈액분석, 설문조사를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 고혈압군의 혈압강하제 복용 비율은 86.4%였고 체중, BMI, 체지방비율, 허리둘레가 정상혈압군에 비해 높았다. 영양교육 8주 후 고혈압군과 정상혈압군의 수축기혈압이 감소되었고 (p < 0.05), 체중 (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), 허리둘레 (p < 0.001), 체지방비율 (p < 0.01)이 감소하였다. 혈액검사결과 고혈압군은 프로그램이 종료된 16주 후 HDL-콜레스테롤 증가 (p < 0.001)와 중성지방 감소 (p < 0.01), LDL-콜레스테롤 감소 (p < 0.05)가 나타났고, 정상혈압군도 HDL-콜레스테롤 (p < 0.001)과 중성지방 (p < 0.01)의 유의미한 변화가 나타났다. 일반식습관 총점수와 규칙적인 식습관, 균형 잡힌 식습관, 건강을 의식한 식습관의 항목 소계, 나트륨 관련 영양지식 총점이 두 군 모두 교육 후 유의적인 상승을 나타냈다 (p < 0.001). 또한 정상혈압군의 나트륨 관련 식행동 총점이 상승되었고 (p < 0.001) 고혈압군에서도 향상되는 경향을 나타냈다. 이와 부합하여 고나트륨 함유음식의 섭취빈도 총점이 교육 후 유의적으로 감소하였고 두 집단 모두 국수류, 찌개와 탕류, 김치류와 음료류의 섭취빈도가 낮아졌다. 혈압관리를 위한 자기효능감점수의 총점이 고혈압군과 정상혈압군 모두 유의적으로 상승하였는데 (p < 0.001) 특히 고혈압군은 자아효능감의 모든 문항점수가 향상되었다. 종합하면 50대 이상 여성을 대상으로 실시한 본 식생활영양교육은 혈압이 높은 군과 정상혈압군 모두에서 혈압관리 뿐만 아니라 신체계측지표 및 혈액지표에 긍정적인 변화를 유도하고 저나트륨 관련 식행동을 비롯한 일반식습관의 전반적 개선효과를 보였다. 이는 건강위험에 대한 각성, 식생활 변화를 유도할 수 있는 계기와 모니터링을 통한 실천 관리를 제공한 프로그램이 대상자의 요구에 부합한 결과로 생각된다. 본 연구는 건강위험이 높아지는 50대 이상 여성의 혈압관리 및 만성질환 예방과 식생활 관리를 위해 보건소에 기반한 지역사회 교육 프로그램의 유효한 모델을 제시한 점에 의의가 있다.

("황제내경소문(黃帝內經素問)" 중(中) 사혈(瀉血)에 관한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Blood-Letting Therapy in Elementary Questions)

  • 이준근
    • 대한한의정보학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.19-42
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    • 2008
  • Blood-Letting Therapy is a rational and ecological medical treatment by which we can heal most of the diseases by removing the static blood which precipitates in the blood vessel and blocks the flowing of blood. And the static blood is the generic term for the injurious, bad, dead and precipitated blood which is blocked the capillary vessel. The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine says that "the patient is treated with drugs internally and stone acupuncture externally. "In the old texts, the blood-letting therapy is mentioned as blood-letting, network vessel pricking, bloodletting, pricking, and arousing pulses etc and it is noted down as the method of network vessel pricking in 'On the Application of Needles' of Spiritual Pivot. Nine-pricking therapy, twelve-pricking therapy and five-pricking therapy are recorded in the methods of network vessel pricking and among them, the method of squeezing blood after pricking the affected part is explained as the network vessel pricking. There are four methods of network vessel pricking, pricking, picking, cluster needling and scatter-pricking and they are fluidly applied to the various symptoms of diseases. In 'On Discriminative Treating for Patients of Different Regions' in Elementary Questions, Ki-baek emphasizes "most of the local people, there are black in skin and loose in striate, and their diseases are mostly of carbuncle kind. It is suitable to treat the disease with stone therapy to prick with stone, so the stone therapy is transmitted from the east. "And in 'On the Corresponding Relation Between the Eum and Yang of Man and All Things' in Elementary Questions, when the Emperor asked Ki-Back, he answered "sthenia means the sthenia of evil, and deficiency means the deficiency of healthy energy. When the blood is sthenic, the evil should be discharged by pricking when out letting the blood; deficiency of vital energy is the asthenia of channels and network vessels, so the energy should drain from the channel which is not deficient, to replenish. "And in this case we can use the methods of 'Breaking out the static bloods', 'driving out the static bloods', blood-letting'. With this we can infer that the blood-letting therapy is made use of the important medical treatments from the ancient times. Especially in referring to the principles of treatment in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, it mostly alluded to acupuncture therapies and only eleven times to medicinal treatments. This is to verify that the blood-letting therapy formed the foundation of the medical art. In Dong's Therapy of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Bloodletting, Dong Kyeong-Chang gave emphasis on the points that there must be extravasated bloods without exception in the serious illnesses which is old, unnatural, accompanying acute pains and so we can revive our body‘s sprit by circulating 'gi' and static blood piled up in the network vessel, regulating the weakness and strength, and controling the disharmony of the internal organs. The blood-letting therapy has effect on the orifice in emergency, such as fore draining, freeing network vessels, harmonizing gi and blood, relieving pain, dispersing swelling and concretion, sedation, resolving toxin as well as strengthening the heart, relieving itching. So it has distinguished effect on all kinds of medical treatment to the modern people. But by the change of social customs and the confucianism of confucius - it is widely spread on the period of North and South Dynasties, 'Wi' and 'Jin' in china and the period of the Three States in korea - The blood-letting therapy which was regarded as the most important medicinal treatment withered rapidly. And Confucius accentuated the importance of our body and all its members, loyalty and filial piety and banned any damage of our body under no circumstances. As a result of it, the therapy of blood-letting had a rapid decrease and barely kept itself in existence in both countries. What is worse, at the period of Japanese colonial rule of korea and our nation's founding of early stage, it has been withered by the high-handed policy to change Oriental Medicine into modern medical science. So the therapy of blood-letting barely kept itself in existence in some Buddhist temples. Another case, it has handed down as a old-fashioned quick fix in folk remedies. But all kinds of the contamination of heavy metals and the misuses of antibiotics are widely spread nowadays, which increased diseases of adult people and incurable diseases as modern society unavoidably made its way into a highly industrial society. To make us more miserable, the western medical science - the antibiotics and surgical operation medical science - already reveals itself into a limit. The necessity of a new medical science which can give a security to the patients who are suffering from the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases is especially come into the force nowadays. In view of the results after bibliographically studying on the blood-letting Therapy in Elementary Questions of the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, the blood-letting therapy has acted for the important Oriental medicinal science and has been clarified the prominent effects on the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases. So it is regarded as an appropriate thing that we lay out a determined theory of the blood-letting therapy and of course prevent the unwanted side effects from inappropriate medicinal treatments, and make full use of clinic by elevating the curative value and that we win back our self-respect of medical treatment which is dominated from the western medical science and ultimately contribute to national medical welfare.

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자연성 종격동 기종의 임상적 고찰 (Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: Clinical Investigation)

  • 박재홍;최창석;황상원;김한용;유병하;김대환
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제39권3호
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    • pp.220-225
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    • 2006
  • 배경: 자연성 종격동 기종은 어떤 뚜렷한 유발 요인이나 질환 없이 젊은 연령에서 발생하는 흔하지 않은, 양성의, 자연 치유 경과를 지닌 질환이다. 이번 연구의 목적은 이 질환의 본질을 다루는데 있어서의 우리의 경험을 재검토하고 평가와 관리에 있어서 입증할 만한 과정을 열거하는데 있다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년부터 2005년까지 마산삼성병원 흉부외과에서 종격동 기종으로 진단, 치료받은 성인 환자들을 대상으로 후향적인 연구 방법을 사용하였다. 결과: 평균 연령 26세(최소 15세에서 치대 65세)의 15명의 환자들(남자 14명, 여자 1명)을 대상으로 하였다. 임상증상은 12명($80\%$)의 환자에서 흉통, 5명($33\%$)의 환자에서 호흡곤란, 4명 ($26\%$)의 환자에서 경부 불편감을 호소하였다. 2명의 환자에서 흡입약제와 관련이 있었고, 3명의 환자에서 흡연력, 3명의 환자는 운동으로 인해 발생하였다. 자연성 종격동 기종의 소인으로는 천식과 같은 호흡기질환, 과도한 운동, 구토와 같은 것들이 있다. 이학적 소견으로 10명($77\%$)의 환자에서 피하기종이 관찰되었다. 흉부 X선과 CT는 모든 환자들에서 있어 진단에 유용했으며 특히 흉부 CT는 6명의 환자에서 폐 질환과의 연관성을 밝히기 위해 사용되었다. 식도 조영술과 기관지 내시경은 선별적으로 사용되었다. 15명($100\%$)의 환자 모두 입원치료를 받았는데 평균 재원기간은 3일이었다. 모든 환자들은 보존적 치료로 치료되었으며 외래 추적 관찰상 3년간 합병증인 재발은 나타나지 않았다. 결론: 대부분의 단순한 자연성 종격동 기종은 양성 질환이며 환자들 대부분에서 전형적인 흉통과 호흡곤란 그리고 피하기종이 관찰되었다. 흡입약제 사용은 아직은 자연성 종격동 기종의 주요원인은 아니나 흡입약제 사용환자에서 자연성 종격동 기종의 의심스러운 원인으로 증가추세에 있다.

심장변막치환후 Ticlopidine과 Aspirin의 혈전방지 효과 (Prevention of thromboembolism with ticlopidine and aspirin after cardiac valve replacement)

  • 김광택;김학제;김형묵
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.35-42
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    • 1986
  • Prevention of thrombombolism after rosthetic cardiac valve replacement is essential for the patients. About 90% of patients are free of major and minor thromboembolic complications 5 year after replacement of cardiac valves with prosthetic devices when they are under control of anticoagulant therapy. Ticlopidine is a drug that alter platelet function to have an antithrombotic effect. It is an antiaggregating agent which inhibits primary platelet function to have an antithrombotic effect. It is an antiaggregating agent which inhibits primary platelet aggregation induced by ADP and increases the production of prostaglandin $D_{2}$. Aspirin in small doses inhibits platelet synthesis of prostaglandins by irreversibly blocking the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase. Platelet secretion and aggregation are impaired with Ticlopidine and Aspirin. the thromboembolic event sof 54 patient s who were treated with Ticlopidine and Aspirin after cardiac valve replacement were evaluated and compared with that of 79 patients who were treated with Wafarin and Aspirin after the same type of operation. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 110 months (mean of 48 months). there were 11 major thromboembolic episodes including three deaths in the warfarin goup during mean follow-up period of 56 months. two cases of CVA and one hemoarthrosis were noted due to overdose of Warfarin. Inticlopidine group, there was only one fatal thromboembolic epdisode three month after mitral valve replacement during mean follow-up period of 18 months. Two episodes of hypermenorrhea resulting anemia ere noted in the ticlopidine group. We measured the parameters of platelet function in aggreagation curve of platelet with platelet aggregometer (chrono-log Aggregometer, Model No. 430) Aggregation test was performed with three final concentrations of epinephrine in 10 uM/L, ADP in 5uM/L. 28 patients with prosthetic cardiac valves and 35 healthy volunteers were subgrouped as follows to analyze the effect of antithrombotic drugs used. Group I ; 11 patients treated with 250-500 mg of ticlopidine and 0.5gm of Aspirin as a daily single dose after cardiac valve replacement (14 St. Jude Medical and 1 Carpentier-Edwards, 9 patients with atrial fibrillation among them) Group II ; 10 patients treated with 3-5 mg of Warfarin and 0.75 gm of Aspirin daily to prolong prothrombin time around 20 seconds for more than 6 months and single Aspirin dose was maintained afterward as a life-long regimes(3 St. Jude Medical, 1 Hall-Kaster and 7 Carpentier-Edwards valve, 9 patients in atrial fibrilation). Group III ; 7 patients who quit anticoagulant treatment (Warfarin + Aspirin) 6-12 months after the regime as group II (3 St. Jude Medical. 1 bjork-Shiley, 1 Hall-Kaster, 3 Carpentier-Edwards valve, 2 of them are with atrial fibrillation). Group IV ; 35 healthy vounteers (28 males and 7 females). The following results were obtained. 1. The mean maximal platelet aggregability in Group I induced by 10uM/L epinephrine was 15.6%, and 17.5 and 18.7% in BM in proportion to the induction by 5 and 10 uM/L ADP. 2. The mean maximal platelet aggregability in Group II induced by 10uM/L epinephrine was 16.5%, and 27.4 and 44.7% in BM in proportion to the induction by 5 and 10uM/L ADP. 3. The mean maximal platelet aggregability in group III induced by 10uM/L epinephrine was 65%, and 56.5 and 51.8% in BM in proportion to the induction by 5 and 10 uM/L ADP. 4. The mean maximal platelet aggregability in the normal subjects induced by 10 uM/L epinephrine was 64%, and 65 and 69% in Bm inproportion to the induction by 5 and 10 uM/L ADP. 5. Reversible change of platelet aggregation curve induced by 5 and 10uM/L was noted all of the patients in Group I. conclusion : Ticlopidine is an antiaggregating agent which inhibits primary platelet aggregation induced by ADP, and increases the production of prostaglandin $D_{2}$. Ticlopidine and Aspirin produced a significant inhibition of platelet in the presence of ADP and epinephrine in our study. Acccording to our brief experience, 250 mg of ticlopidine and low dose of Aspirin resulted synergistic superior effect to each drug alone in prevention of thromboembolism after prosthetic cardiac valve replacement.

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Methylcholanthrene 유도 섬유육종세포주에서 Doxorubicin 농도에 따른 세포독성과 자멸사의 변화 (Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis of Various Concentrations of Doxorubicin in Methylcholanthrene- induced Rat Fibrosarcoma(MCA) Cells)

  • 정진용;왕영필;나석주
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.447-453
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    • 2001
  • 배경: 연부조직 육종의 폐전이의 표준치료법은 폐절제술이지만, 대부분의 폐전이육종은 항암제 투여를 필요로 한다. 항암제 투여는 치료용량에 도달하기전에 발생하는 전신독성으로 인하여 그 효과가 만족스럽지 않다. 연부조직 육종의 항암제로 많이 사용하는 doxorubicin을 폐조직에 직접 투여하면 전신투여시에 비하여 전신독성이 적을 뿐만 아니라 폐에서 10~25배 높은 doxorubicin 농도를 얻을 수 있다. 그러나 이와 같은 고농도 doxorubicin의 암세포에 대한 효과에 대해서는 불명확하다. 대상 및 방법: 본 연구는 methylcholanthrene유도 섬유육종세포주(methylcholanthrene-induced rat fibrosarcoma cell line, MCA 세포)를 여러 농도의 doxorubicin에 24시간 노출한 후 세포독성과 자멸사(apoptosis) 유전자(Fas, FasL, Bax, caspase 1, caspase 2, caspase 8, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-xS) 발현을 살펴보았다. 결과: MCA 세포에 대한 doxorubicin(1-100 $\mu$M)의 세포독성은 용량에 따라서 증가하였으나, 자멸사의 최고치는 5 $\mu$M의 doxorubicin에서 나타났다. 자멸사와 연관된 유전자의 모든 mRNA는 1 $\mu$M에서 대조군에 비해 증가한 후 doxorubicin의 용량이 증가함에 따라 감소하였는데, caspase 8은 5 $\mu$M의 doxorubicin에서도 대조군보다 높은 수치를 보였다. 자멸사와 연관된 단백질은 1 $\mu$M의 doxorubicin에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타낸 후 doxorubicin의 용량이 증가함에 따라 감소하였으나 Bax와 Bcl-xL 단백질은 모든 용량의 doxorubicin에서 대조군과 같거나 높은 수준을 보였다. 결론: 결론적으로 저농도(1-5 $\mu$M)의 doxorubicin에서 자멸사는 MCA세포를 사멸시키는 주된 작용기전이고, 이때에 자멸사와 연관된 유전자 인 Bax, caspase 8, Bcl-xL이 관여되는 것으로 보이며, 그보다 높은 농도의 doxorubicin에서는 자멸사는 억제되지만 MCA 세포에 대한 강력한 세포독성을 보여, 자멸사 이외의 다른 기전이 기여할 것으로 생각된다.

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폐암의 방사선치료 결과 (Result of Radiation Therapy for the Lung Cancer)

  • 김주영;최명선;서원혁
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.213-225
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    • 1989
  • An analysis has been made of two hundred seven patients who were treated at the department of Radiation Oncology of Korea University Hospital for lung cancer from January 1981 through December 1986. There were 137 patients of nonsmall cell carcinoma (137/207, 66%), 26 patients of small cell carcinoma (26/207, 12.5%) and 44 patients of unproven histology. By aims of treatment, there were 104 patients (104/207, 50%) treated for cure, 89 patients (89/207, 42.9%) for palliation and 14 patients treated postoperatively. In 22 out of 207 patients, chemotherapy was done with radiotherapy, 12 of which were patients with small cell carcinoma. Stage II patients were 49 (49/207, 23.6%), stage III patients were 157 (157/207, 75.8%) and one patient had an occult cancer The tumor was initial Iy measured by CAT scan and chest X-rays in the 165 (165/207, 79.7%) patients, among which 117 patients had tumor diameter more than 5cm and 48 patients less than 5cm. Radiation therapy was given with Cobalt 60 teletherapy unit and the treatment volume encompassed primary tumor and the mediastinum. For curative aim, daily tumor dose of 180 cGy was given up to the range of 5,400~6,120cGy/30~34F/6~7 week period and for palliative aim, daily tumor dose of 300 cGy was given up to the range of 3,600~4,500 cGy/12~15F/2~3 week period. Postoperatively, mediastinum was treated for total dose of 5,040 cGy/28F/5.5 week period. 123 patients (123/207, 59%) were followed up after completion of radiotherapy for 14 months to 7 years. Local tumor response to the irradiation was measured by chest X-ray taken at one month follow up and was evaluated for response rate, if they were regressed more than 50% or less than 50% of the initial tumor size. The treatment results were as follows; 1. The median survival time was 8.5 months and survival rates for 1 year, 2 year and 5 year was 25%, 3.5% and 1% of nonsmall cell lung ca of 74 evaluable patients. 2. More than 50% of local tumor response rate was obtained in about half of overall cases; 90.5% for small cell ca, 50% for squamous cell ca, 25% for adenoca and 57% for large cell ca. 3. Response rate more than 50% was seen in the 50% of the patient group with tumor diameter more than 5cm and in the 55% of those with tumor diameter less than 5cm. 4. By total raidation dose given, patient group which was given 5,400~6,120 cGy equivalent dose or higher showed tumor response rate more than 50% in 53% of the patients, whereas the group with dose less than 5,400cGy equivalent, in 25% of the patients. 5. Survival rate for 6 month, 1 year and 2 year was compared between the group of local tumor response rate more than 50% vs. group with response rate less than 50%; 74% vs. 43%, 33% vs, 23%, 10% vs. 1%, respectively. 6. Local failure was seen in 21%(44/207) of the patients, which occured mostly within 15 months after completion of radiation therapy. Distant metastases were seen in 49.7%(103/207) of the patients, of which 43 cases were found before initiation of radiotherapy. The most common metastatic sites were bone and brain. In this sutdy, 1 year,2 year and S year survival rates were somewhat poor compared to the other studies. It mainly seems to be due to the poor general status of the patients and the far-advanced stage of the disease. In nonsmall cell cancer patients who had limited local disease and had small primary tumor size, we observed better local response. In addition, dose higher than 6,000 cGy group showed better tumor control than lower dose group. Survival rate was better for the local control group. For imporvement of local control of the lung cancer and hence, the survival of the patients with lung cancer, proper radical radiotherapy with high dose for localized disease is needed. New modality of treatment such as high LET beam in radiation therapy or drugs for the advanced disease as well as early diagnosis is also needed.

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돼지에서 Tiletamine-Zolazepam 단독과 Azaperone, Tiletamine-Zolazepam 합제의 마취 효과에 대한 비교 (Comparison of Anesthetic Effects Induced by Tiletamine-Zolazepam and Azaperone Plus Tiletamine-Zolazepam in Growing Pigs)

  • 김영석;김명진;이수진;이재일;전무형;박창식;김명철
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.300-304
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 돼지에서 tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) 단독 사용과 azaperone, tiletamine-zolazepam (ATZ) 합제 사용시의 마취효과를 규명하고, 양군에서의 생리학적 parameters를 비교하였다. 두개의 군으로 구분하였으며 건강한 6개의 랜드레이스와 요크셔 교잡종 돼지를 실험에 사용하였다. 교차실험을 하였으며, 각 군 사이의 휴약기간은 2주로 하였다. 1군 (TZ 군): 돼지 6두 ($31.4{\pm}4.83$) kg에 TZ 4.4 mg/kg을 투여하였다. 2군 (ATZ 군): 동일한 돼지 6두 ($43.6{\pm}4.31$ kg)에 azaperone 2 mg/kg을 투여하고, 20분 후에 TZ 4.4 mg/kg을 투여하였다. 모든 마취약물들은 등세모근에 근육주사를 하였다. 약물 투여 24시간 전부터 절식을 시켰다. 도입 및 회복 시간을 측정하였다. 심박수, 호흡수 체온, $pO_2,\;pCO_2$ 및 pH를 투여 전, 투여 후 5분, 25분, 45분, 65분 및 85분에 측정하였다. 도입시간에서는 ATZ 군이 TZ군에 비하여 더 빠른 도입을 나타내었다 (p<0.01). 회복에 있어서, 흉와자세 시간, 기립시간 및 보행시간은 ATZ군이 TZ군에 비하여 더 긴 시간을 나타내었다 (p<0.01). 심박수, 호흡수, $pO_2,\;pCO_2$, 및 pH는 두 군간에서 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 체온은 두 군간 유의성 있는 변화가 인정되었다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때에, ATZ군이 TZ군에 비하여 빠른 도입과 긴 마취시간을 나타내었다. 따라서, ATZ 병용은 돼지의 화학적 보정에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

Development of Natural Antioxidants and Whitening Agents for Cosmeceuticals

  • Kim, Jong-Pyung
    • 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국응용약물학회 2007년도 Proceedings of The Convention
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    • pp.79-92
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    • 2007
  • Oxidative stress have known to be a risk factor for the degenerative processes and closely related to a lot of diseases. It is well established that antioxidants are good in protection and therapeutic means against oxidative damage. There is increasing interest in natural antioxidants and many natural antioxidants have been found and utilized as the possible protection for various diseases and skin aging. We have screened natural antioxidant agents for cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals, and drugs as therapeutic and preventive means against oxidative stress, and have developed a number of novel antioxidants from various natural sources. A novel melanin synthesis inhibitor, Melanocin A, isolated from the metabolite of a fungal strain Eupenicillium shearii F80695 inhibited mushroom tyrosinase and melanin biosynthesis of B16 melanoma cells with $IC_{50}$ value of 9.0 nM and MIC value of $0.9\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Melanocin A also exhibited potent antioxidant activity by scavenging of DPPH and superoxide anion radicals. UV was found to increase the level of hydrogen peroxides and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skin tissues. This increase in ROS may not only alter the structure and function of many genes and proteins directly but may also modulate their expressions through signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, lead to skin damage. We investigated the effect of Melanocin A on UV-induced premature skin aging. Firstly, the effect of Melanocin A on UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT in vitro was investigated. Acute UV irradiation induced MMP-9 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and Melanocin A suppressed this expression in a dose-dependent manner. We then investigated UV-induced skin changes in hairless mice in vivo by Melanocin A. Chronic exposure of hairless mouse dorsal skin to UV increased skin thickness and induced wrinkle formation and the gelatinase activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, Melanocin A significantly suppressed UV-induced morphologic skin changes and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. These results show that Melanocin A can prevent the harmful effects of UV that lead to skin aging. Therefore, we suggest that Melanocin A should be viewed as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and/or treating premature skin aging. Terrein is a bioactive fungal metabolite isolated from Penicillium species. Terrein has a relatively simple structure and can be easily synthesized. However, the biologic effects of terrein are comparatively unknown. We found for the first time that terrein potently inhibit melanin production in melanocytes and has a strong hypopigmentary effect in a spontaneously immortalized mouse melanocyte cell line, Mel-Ab. Treatment of Mel-Ab cells with terrein (10-100 mM) for 4 days significantly reduced melanin levels in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, terrein at the same concentration also reduced tyrosinase activity. We then investigated whether terrein influences the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway and the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which is required for tyrosinase expression. Terrein was found to induce sustained ERK activation and MITF down-regulation, and luciferase assays showed that terrein inhibits MITF promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. To elucidate the correlation between ERK pathway activation and a decreased MITF transcriptional level, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of the ERK pathway, was applied before terrain treatment and found to abrogate the terrein-induced MITF attenuation. Terrein also reduced the tyrosinase protein level for at least 72 h. These results suggest that terrain reduces melanin synthesis by reducing tyrosinase production via ERK activation, and that this is followed by MITF down-regulation.

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RAW264.7 대식세포에서 풀솜대 추출물의 nitric oxide 및 prostaglandin E2생성 저해효과 (Inhibitory effects of extracts from Smilacina japonica on lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in RAW264.7 macrophages)

  • 남정환;서종택;김율호;김기덕;유동림;이종남;홍수영;김수정;손황배;김현삼;김보성;이경태;박희준
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제41권4호
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    • pp.201-205
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 풀솜대(Smilacina japonica)의 전초를 이용하여 세포독성 및 항염증 활성 효과를 평가하였다. 대식세포인 RAW264.7 cell에서 염증 매개 물질인 lipopo-lysacchride (LPS)로 염증을 유발시켜 nitric oxide (NO)와 prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) 같은 염증 유발인자들의 억제효과를 확인하였다. 풀솜대 chloroform 분획물의 염증 유발인자 억제 시 $IC_{80}$ value를 측정하였을 때 nitric oxide 및 prostaglandin $E_2$ 생성을 농도의존적으로 현저하게 저해하는 농도는 각각 53.3과 $32.5{\mu}g/ml$이었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 풀솜대의 chloroform과 같은 비극성용매 분획물들이 유의성 있는 항염증 효과를 나타내었으며, 이러한 효능은 예방의학적 가능성을 충분히 가지고 있기에 염증성질환의 예방을 위한 건강 기능성식품의 개발 가능성을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 염증과 관련된 사이토카인 및 단백질 발현 메커니즘에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

소아에서 Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin 삼제 병합 요법의 치료기간별 Helicobacter pylori 제균율 (Effect of One- or Two-Week Triple Therapy with Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, and Clarithromycin on Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children)

  • 최인경;이승연;정기섭
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2002
  • 목적: H. pylori에 대한 제균요법은 제균 효과와 안전성, 그리고 환자의 순응도와 경제성 등의 기준에 따라 약제를 선택하여 사용하고 있으며, 그 중 PPI제제가 포함된 삼제 병합요법은 성인에서 H. pylori 감염의 효과적인 치료법으로 인정되고 있다. 그러나, 소아에서 omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin (OAC) 삼제병합 요법의 H. pylori 제균 효과에 대해서는 아직 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 소아에서 OAC 삼제 병합요법을 1주 및 2주 투여군으로 나누어 그 제균 효과를 비교해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 1998년 7월부터 2000년 7월까지 연세의대 세브란스병원 소아과에 상부위장관 증세로 내원하여 위십이지장 내시경을 시행받고, 생검조직의 CLO검사와 H&E염색 또는 Alcian yellow 염색에서 H. pylori 감염으로 진단받은 후 omeprazole (0.7 mg/kg/day), amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day), clarithromycin (25 mg/kg/day)을 투여한 34례를 1주 투여한 군과 2주 투여한 군으로 나누어서 H. pylori 제균 효과를 알아보았다. H. pylori 제균은 투약종료 4주 후에 내시경검사를 시행하여 얻은 생검조직의 CLO검사와 H&E 또는 Alcian yellow 염색에서 모두 음성인 경우로 정의하였다. 결과: 대상환아 34례 중 1주 투여한 군이 21명, 2주 투여한 군이 13명이었으며, 1주 투여한 군의 평균 연령은 $9.5{\pm}3.0$세, 남녀 비는 남자 11명, 여자 10명이었고, 2주 투여한 군의 평균 연령은 $9.9{\pm}4.0$세였고, 남녀 비는 남자 4명, 여자 9명이었으며, 내시경 진단은 결절성 위염이 19례(52.9%)로 가장 많았으며, 표재성 위염이 7례(20.6%), 소화성궤양이 4례(11.8%), 자반성 십이지장염이 2례 (5.9%)였고, 정상소견이 2례(5.9%)였다. 총 34례 중 28례(82.4%)에서 H. pylori가 제균되었는데, OAC를 1주 투여한 군에서는 21례 중 17례(81.0%), 2주 투여한 군에서는 13례 중 11례(84.6%)가 제균되었다. 제균되지 않은 6례에서는 colloidal bismuth subcitrate ($Denol^{(R)}$), metronidazole 등을 추가하여 치료하였으나 H. pylori는 제균되지 않았고, 그 후 추적 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 본 연구에서 상부위장관 증세를 가진 H. pylori 감염 환아에 대한 omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin 삼제 병합 요법의 제균율은 82.4%로 성인에서의 85~95%와 유사하여, 일차치료로서 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 또한 치료기간별 H. pylori 제균율은 1주 투여한 군에서 81.0%, 2주 투여한 군에서 84.6%로 두 군 간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다(P=0.785).

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