• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate dropping shock of household electric appliances during materials handling. Microwave oven($18{\ell}$), TV(16") and washing machine(6.2kg) were singled out as the study items. From the results of dropping test by KS A 1026(General Rules of Performance Testing for Packaged Freights), relative equations were gained as follow : y=0.0863x+10.032 for microwave oven, y=0.136x+7.85 for TV and y=0.214x+5.8 for washing machine (where y is G-factor and x is Dropping height). The maximum values of dropping shock during materials handling were measured to be $11{\sim}14G$ for microwave oven, $12{\sim}15G$ for TV and $10{\sim}12G$ for washing machine. The maximum shocks of microwave oven, TV and washing machine during materials handling were corresponding to dropping shocks of dropping height 45.98cm, 52.57cm and 28.97cm by KS A 1026.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate vibration shock and dropping shock of refrigerator during physical distribution. The values of vibration shock were measured to be ${\sim}3G$ for up and down direction, ${\sim}0.8G$ for right and left direction and ${\sim}0.5G$ for back and forth direction on the national road. There was no damage during transport. From the results of dropping test by KS A 1026(General Rules of Performance Testing for Packaged Freights), relative equations were gained as follow : y = 0.12x + 7.63(where y is G-factor and x is Dropping height). The maximum values of dropping shock during materials handling were measured to be 11G. This shock value was corresponding to dropping shocks of dropping height 28.3cm by KS A 1026.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of livestock excrements application on the growth and yield of leaf, stem and seed in Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. the results were summarized as follow. In the soil after experiment, P2O5 and K contents were high in order of cattle droping 〈 pig droping 〈 chicken droping treatment. The plant height was increased cattle dropping〈 pig dropping〈 chicken dropping treatment plot. Number of stems was inclined to increase in the plot of 2,000 kg/10a application of chicken dropping and cattle dropping. Number of leaves was also increased 21.8∼51.6% by application 3,000 kg/10a of chicken and cattle dropping, and application 2,000 kg/10a of pig dropping, respectively. Dry weight of aerial part was high in order of 1,000〈 3,000〈 2,000 kg/10a〉control, on occasion 2,000 kg/10a treated, that was highest in the application of chicken dropping. Yield of seeds was also increased to 61％ and 86% at the 2,000 kg/10a plot of pig and chicken dropping, respectively. While yield of seeds was increased 50％ at the 3,000 kg/10a application of cattle dropping. Flowering ratio was 49.1％ in control, 55.6, 58.9 and 68.3% in cattle, pig and chicken dropping with 2,000 kg/10a, respectively, on June 22. Flowering ratio was the highest in the plot of chicken dropping with 2,000 kg/10a.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.925-938
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• 2010

Depending on network conditions, a communication network could be overloaded when media are transmitted. Research has been carried out to lessen network overloading, such as by filtering, load distribution, frame dropping, and other methods. Among these methods, one of the most effective is frame dropping, which reduces specified video frames for bandwidth diminution. In frame dropping, B-frames are dropped and then I- and P-frames are dropped, based on the dependency among the frames. This paper proposes a scheme for protecting copyrights by encryption, when frame dropping is applied to reduce the bandwidth of media based on the MPEG-4 file format. We designed two kinds of frame dropping: the first stores and then sends the dropped files and the other drops frames in real time when transmitting. We designed three kinds of encryption methods using the DES algorithm to encrypt MPEG-4 data: macro block encryption in I-VOP, macro block and motion vector encryption in P-VOP, and macro block and motion vector encryption in I-, P-VOP. Based on these three methods, we implemented a digital rights management solution for MPEG-4 data streaming. We compared the results of dropping, encryption, decryption, and the quality of the video sequences to select an optimal method, and found that there was no noticeable difference between the video sequences recovered after frame dropping and the ones recovered without frame dropping. The best performance in the encryption and decryption of frames was obtained when we applied the macro block and motion vector encryption in I-, P-VOP.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.559-568
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• 2007

This paper presents a new distortion control scheme with a simple estimation model for the propagation errors incurred by dropping some parts of the bitstream in a frame dropping-coefficient dropping (FD-CD) transcoder. The primary goal of this paper is to facilitate bit-rate conversions and rate-distortion controls in the compressed domain without introducing a full decoding and reencoding system in the pixel domain. First, the error propagation behavior over several frame sequences due to coefficient dropping is investigated on the basis of statistical and empirical properties. Then, such properties are used to develop a simple estimation model for the CD distortion accounting for the characteristics of the underlying coded-frame. Finally, the proposed estimation model allows us to determine the amount of coefficient dropping and to effectively allocate rate-distortions into coded-frames. Experimental results show that the proposed estimation model accurately describes the characteristics of propagation errors adaptively in the compressed domain and can be easily applied to distortion control over different kinds of video sequences.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.205-206
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• 2011

In this paper, algorithm for fault classification and detection of generator dropping using wavelet singular value decomposition (WSVD) is proposed. Busan area upper 345kV is modeled and generator dropping is simulated in EMTP-RV. Characteristic of generator dropping is analyzed and this algorithm is deducted by calculating WSVD in MATLAB.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.6
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• pp.575-584
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• 2008

According to the network condition, the communication network overload could be occurred when media transmitting. Many researches are being carried out to lessen the network overload, such as the filtering, load distributing, frame dropping and many other methods. Among these methods, one of effective method is frame dropping that reduces specified video frames for bandwidth diminution. B frames are dropped and then I, P frames are dropped according to dependency among the frames in frame dropping. This paper proposes a scheme for protecting copyrights by encryption, when we apply frame dropping to reduce bandwidth of media following MPEG-4 file format. We designed two kinds of frame dropping: first one stores and then sends the dropped files and the other drops frames in real-time when transmitting. We designed three kinds of encryption methods in which DES algorithm is used to encrypt MPEG-4 data: macro block encryption in I-VOP, macro block and motion vector encryption in P-VOP, and macro block and motion vector encryption in I, P-VOP. Based on these three methods, we implemented a digital right management solution for MPEG-4 data streaming. We compared the results of dropping, encryption, decryption and quality of video sequences to select an optimal method, and there is no noticeable difference between the video sequences recovered after frame dropping and the ones recovered without frame dropping. The best performance in encryption and decryption of frames was obtained when we apply the macro block and motion vector encryption in I, P-VOP.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1997

The results of application of the organic manure obtained from livestocks fed with BLCS in the Tomato under structure were as follow. The No. of Fruit weight, Fruit width, Fruit length and Sugar content of Tomato in the Dung of fowl(BLCS) were high in the other treatment, second was cattle dropping(BLCS), third was Pig dropping(BLCS). The contents of Total N, P2O5, K2O, CaO, and MgO in the Tomato fruit of the cattle dropping(BLCS), the Pig dropping(BLCS), and the Dung of fowl(BLCS) were high than animal dropping plots.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.105-108
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• 2003

In the framework of universal multimedia access, one challenge for video transmission (communication) is to deliver video content through heterogeneous network channels matching the diversity of client devices. As one of the many adaptation methods, media transcoding is commonly considered. Particularly, FD (Frame Dropping)/CD Coefficient Dropping) transcoding is used due to the low computational complexity and simple implementation. In this scheme, CD is simply implemented by truncating the high frequency AC DCT coefficient bits. But, the CD error tends to be propagated within single GOV. In this paper, we derive the distortion relationships between CD error and propagation error, and investigate the error characteristics by computer simulations. The CD error characteristics can be effectively used in the FD/CD transcoding scheme.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.1571-1579
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• 2004

Recently, FD(Frame Dropping)-CD(Coefficient Dropping) transcoding is considered mainly due to the low computational complexity and simple implementation. But, CD errors in the FD-CD transtoding scheme tend to be propagated and they have a significant effect on the qualities of decoded images. In this paper, we derive the error characteristics incurred by the CD operations and propose an effective estimation model that adaptively describes well the characteristics of propagation/accumulation errors in compressed domain. Furthermore, we apply the proposed model to distortion control achieving nearly constant distortion allocation among frames. Simulation results show that the proposed model is quite accurate in estimating the overall distortions and is effectively applied to distortion control over a range of sequences with varying scene types.