• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.397-408
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• 2004

Due to the growing impact of non-point source pollution and limitation of water treatment technology, a new policy of water quality management, called a source protection, is now becoming more important in drinking water supply. The source protection means that the public agency purchases the pollution sensitive area, such as riparian zone, and prohibit locations of point and non-point sources. Many studies have reported that this new policy is more economical in drinking water supply than the conventional one. However, it is very difficult to determine location and size of the pollution sensitive zone in the watershed. In this paper, we presented the scientific criteria for the priority of the pollution sensitive zone, along with a case study of the upstream watershed of the Paldang Reservoir, Han River. This study includes applications of the analytical hierarchy process(AHP) and a watershed-based land prioritization(WLP) model. After major criteria affecting water quality were selected, the AHP and geographic analysis were performed. The WLP model allowed us to include both quantity and quality criteria, using AHP as the multi-criteria method in making decision and reflecting local characteristics and various needs. By adding a travel-time function, which represents the prototype effectively, the results secured adaptability and scientific objectivity as well. As such, the WLP model appeared to provide reasonable criteria in determining the prioritization of land acquisition. If the tested data are used with a validated travel-time and AHP method is applied after further discussion among experts in such field, highly reliable results can be obtained.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.34-39
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• 1993

One hundred and eighty-seven water samples were collected from 23 of spring water, 2 of ground water, 1 of tap water in Pusan area and 3 of natural mineral waters. Total coliform group, fecal coliform, viable cell count and microflora were investigated to evaluate water quality of drinking water. The results were as follows: range and geometric mean value of total coliform and fecal coliform MPN's of spring water were 0~1,500/100 ml, 85/100 ml and 0~460/100 ml, 24/100 ml but coliform group was not detected in the samples of tap water and natural mineral water. Viable cell count of spring water, ground water and tap water were lower as 100 cell than the criteria for drinking water but that of natural mineral water was higher as 6.5X 10$^2$~7.4X 10$^3$ /ml. Predominant speces among the 219 strains isolated from the samples were 19.6% Aeromonas spp., 19.2% Enterobacteriaceae, 16% Acinetobacter spp. Especially, spring water and vessels were contaminated by Hafnia spp. and Providencia Spp, inhabitant of the oral cavity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.504-511
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• 2007

Built-out issue of copper processing appearing recently in the Paldang watershed is a critical problem to deteriorate the basic framework of national water management policy as well as to be simply a copper-related problem. Up to now, Korea government has invested hard and relevant upstream areas have been victimized readily in a variety of field to comply its goal of 'Safe Water Supply'. Because of the reason, the desirable water quality level of the Paldang watershed has been maintained regardless of its dense population. Paldang drinking water management policy is based on residents' understanding which is considered as a 'social capital'. The issue raised in the aspect of water quality management policy should be reviewed on the basis of the 'social capital' concept. One regarding semiconductor industry as a potential industry to export many products in 10 years insists that the industry not be a simple private business but be a prominent part for national competitiveness. There is no doubt about this opinion. However, a nation should support environmental right-to-life of its people prior to any other tasks. In other words, it is really risky to give up people's right due to economic benefits. Therefore, it should not happen to trade 'life', the dignity of man, with national competitiveness which is likely to be preferred in these days. In addition, coherent policy not to destroy 'social capital' promoting Paldang drinking water resource management policy should be maintained.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2016

The main purpose of this study was to derive managerial priority for pollutants in drinking water using the Delphi technique and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. We collected fundamental existing items based on a literature review for water pollutants, and deduced a total of 36 sub-items from nine core sectors, as follows: organic matter; inorganic substances; pathogenic organisms; chemicals; heavy metals; radioactive substances; sediment deposits; heat; and oil, and then conducted the first round of an expert study to ensure that objective indicators properly evaluate major issues for management of for drinking water quality. In the following round, the necessity and importance assessments of adjusted items were implemented using a content validity ratio index. Finally, items modified by Delphi surveys were applied to AHP. We computed weighted values by pair-wise comparison of sub-items and each of five sectors modified by the second round. According to the results of AHP, the managerial priority for pollutants in drinking water was as follows; while heavy metal placed first in importance, pathogenic organisms came second, followed by inorganic substances, organic matter and chemical substances from the sector perspective.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.56-68
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• 2013

Community drinking water (CDW), mostly naturally flowing groundwater, plays important roles in supplying drinking water for urban and rural residents in Korea. Over 1,600 CDW facilities are distributed throughout the country, many of them situated in the outskirts of metropolitan cities. A large proportion of Korean people have become dependent on CDW for drinking due to a distrust of piped water's quality and a strong belief in the special medicinal effects of some CDWs. However, administrative and official management and the control of CDW facilities have been inadequate when compared with the strict examination and control of commercial bottled water, which is physically treated groundwater from deep bedrock aquifers. In this study, even though signs of anthropogenic contamination were not generally found, the tested chemical compositions of selected CDWs featured high enrichment of some constituents including Ca, Mg, Na, and HCO3 with natural origins such as water-rock interactions. Careless consumption of particular CDWs, which has no scientific basis, will not guarantee health improvement. Consequently, more intensive management of CDW facilities and a long-term interdisciplinary examination of the health effects of CDWs are needed to effectively protect people's health.

• 수도
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• s.67
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• pp.11-30
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• 1994

• 수도
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• v.24 no.2 s.83
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• pp.39-48
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• 1997

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.721-727
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• 2002

The characteristics of drinking groundwater quality at Chung Cheong Nam Do was analyzed by investigating the 3,086 groundwater data which were carried out the water quality inspection from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 1998. It was found that all the mean concentration of items was not over the drinking water quality standard except Zn at Yeongee area. The highest mean concentration of nitrate was $8.2 mg/{\ell}$ at Hongsung area. And the mean concentrations of nitrate and ammonium at Sucheon, Yesan, Yeongee were relatively higher. It was considered that the groundwater of that area was contaminated by breeding livestock as farm pollutants. The mean concentrations of chloride, hardness and evaporation residual at coastal regions were higher than inland regions. Especially the mean concentration of chloride was 2.5 times higher. It was considered that the groundwater at coastal regions was affected by seawater. It was found that the correlation between Fe and Mn was relatively high(r=0.776) and the correlation between hardness and evaporation residual was very high(r=0.983). The rainfall series and detection rate of E-coli had the hydrologic persistence. The correlation between the detection rate and rainfall series over 150 mm was very high (r=0.9146). Therefore it is surely required to control the groundwater sanitation in the rainy season.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 1978

This survey was undertaken for the period seven month beginning January 15, 1977 and ending July 31, 1977 to detect the general sanitary status of the villages and the villagers and, at the same time, analyse quality of water sources with emphasis on a total of 1,256 households dividing into three different groups: such as, 280 households were selected as random samples from the area of the sophisticated piped water supply system, 122 households from the area of the simplified water supply system and finally 854 households from the area of nonpi-ped water supply system. The following results were concluded after quality of water sources had been analysed and conditions of the environmental sanitation had been reviewed: 1. 11.2% of the respondents from the area of the sophisticated piped water supply system responded that quantity of drinking water lacked to meet their demand while 30.6% of the villagers from the area of nonpi-ped water supply system responded quantity of drinking water didn't meet their demand. 2. 30.8% of the.respondents from the area of the sophisticated water supply system responded that contaminating source located within 15 meters from the water source while 54.4% of the respondents from the non-piped water supply system claimed the same. 3. It was found that water from all sampling areas were positive in coliform group with exception of Moonsan which is one of the sophisticated piped water supply system groups and the number of general bacteria exceeded the government standard criteria of water quality in the area of the nonpi-ped water supply system. 4. In relation with time requirement to draw water in the area of non-piped water supply system, 76 respondents claimed it requires less than 15 minutes to draw water, 15.0% claimed 15 to 30 minutes and 9.0% claimed more than 30 minutes. 5. In relation with knowledge on sanitation of drinking water, 30.8% of respondents from the area of the sophisticated piped water supply system and 41.8% of respondents from the area of nonpiped water supply system denied possible existence of germ in drinking water they drink, while 17.4% of the respondents from the area of the sophisticated water supply system and 50.2% of non-peped water supply system thought it safe to drink water without any treatment. 6. 60.0% of the respondents from the area of non-piped water supply system and many of them believed that their health status will be improved by installation of a sophisticated water supply system in their area. 7. The respondents from the areas of piped water supply sytem expressed greater concern over drinking water sanitation than those from the areas of non-piped water supply system and sanitary conditions were found the same. It was, therefore, proved that knowledge of environmnntal sanitation contributed a great deal to improve sanitary conditions of the villages and villagers and at the same time health education, especially environmental sanitation, will be played a important role to improve their sanitary conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1998

The drinking water supply in Cheju entirely depends on the ground water and recently the polluted ground water bores are increasing. In 1993 Cheju Province Health-Environment Institute reported that the ground water quality of 26 of 98 bores under the drinking water quality standard. Therefore there are many investigation in the needs of the nitrate removal in the drinking water in the regin with no alternative water resources. In this study, the following results are obtained to remove the nitrate in biofilm filtration process in which uses ethanol as external carbon source. Over 90% of nitrate is removed after 10 days of experiment. The nitrate removal rate on filtration velocity is about 100% at 50m/day and 100m/day, and about 56% at 200m/day. The removal rate is reduced in 27% at 400m/day. Using ethanol as the external carbon source, denitrification kinetic is 1st-order. Denitrification constant k is 8.004($hr^{-1}$). The amount of the denitrificated-Nitrogen is increased as the contact time increased. Deoxydation rate constant ${\gamma}$ is 11.895($hr^{-1}$). 0.968g of ethanol(as TOC) is needed to remove 1g of nitrate and 0.291g is required to remove 1g of dissolved oxygen.