• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2019

Aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and pathogenic bacteria were investigated in laver Porphyra sp. samples from various regions of Korea. The mean bacterial counts were $6.9{\pm}0.87log\;CFU/g$ (range 4.0 to 7.7) log CFU/g in dried laver, $2.83{\pm}4.36log\;CFU/g$ in roasted laver, and $4.93{\pm}1.43log\;CFU/g$ in seasoned laver. Coliforms were most abundant (mean count: $2.1{\pm}1.01log\;CFU/g$) in dried laver. No pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, or Listeria monocytogenes, were detected in any of the samples. Aerobic microorganisms were the most diverse microorganisms in dried laver. Staphylococcus spp. were predominant, but S. aureus was not detected. Standardization of laver production is necessary to ensure a hygienic product because laver products are often ingested without heating or cooking, and the production process is simple.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제12권3_4호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the contents of heavy metals such as iron, copper, lead, cadmium, magnesium, platium in connection with water pollution in sea weed (dried laver) collected from the west, south, south- west, and east coasts of Korea. The results of the study are as follows; Iron was shown the highest value (1.280ppm) in the wild laver from the south coast. Copper was detected in larger qauntities (0.169 ppm) in green laver than in any other kinds of laver observed in this study. Lead was detected in larger quantities (0.195ppm) in the usual laver and green laver from the south-west coast as compared with the other coasts. Although cadmium and platium was also detected from every kind of laver, the concentrations were not over the allowance of the residual.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.278-285
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• 1996

Contents of insoluble(IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and total dietary fiber(TDF) of 30 foods which are consumed commonly by 80 Koeran male college students were determined by Prosky and colleagues' enzymatic-gravimentric method. Foods with highest intake frequency were rice, Kimch'i, and red pepper powder. TDF, IDF, and SDF contents of rice were 0.96, 0.59 and 0.37g/100g wet wt., respectively and tose of Kimch'i were 3.07, 2.19 and 0.88g/100g wet wt., respectively. Red pepper powder contained high amount of TDF(39.37) and IDF (33.13g/100g wet wt.). The TDF content of the 30 foods ranged from 0.70 to 39.37g/100g wet wt. Red pepper (39.37), dried laver(31.36), and dried sea mustard (37.77g/100g wet wt.) contained high amounts of TDF. The IDF content of the 30 foods ranged from 0.13 to 33.13g/100g wet wt. Red pepper powder (33.13), dried laver(15.55) and sesame(15.43g/100g wet wt.) contained high amounts of IDF. SDF of the 30 foods ranged from 0.01 to 25.66g/100g wet wt. Dried sea mustard(25.66), dried laver(15.81), coffee powder (13.17), and garlic(8.72g/100g wet wt.) were good sources of SDF. % ratio of SDF to TDF of the 30 foods was lower than 50% except soybean curd(94.27%), coffee powder (88.93%), garlic(86.17%), dried sea mustard(67.94%), and dried laver(50.41%). It is recommended to increase intake of seaweeds in order to supply TDF adn SDF properly.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to test the effects of electrolyzed water treatment on dried-laver Pyropia sp. processing facilities to control microbial contamination. Following the progression of the process to the next step, as well as during the lapse between process operating hours, the contamination level of total viable cell counts (TVC) and total coliform (TC) of laver increased. The TVC increased during the aging step, and after the molding-drying steps were completed, it increased by approximately 2.0 log CFU (colony forming unit)/g. Freshwater used for processing in April had a TVC of 4.31 log CFU/mL, which was more polluted than 2.61 log CFU/mL of seawater. Electrolyzed water was used to treat the sponge used in the laver-molding process, which resulted in a 2 log CFU/mL decrease.The TVC of dried-laver decreased by 1 to 2 log CFU/g when electrolyzed water was applied to the process. In conclusion, application of electrolyzed water in dried-laver processing was shown to be effective in reducing the microbiological contamination of the final product.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.677-681
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• 2014

건조 김은 $120^{\circ}C$에서 40 s 또는 300 s, $250^{\circ}C$에서 2 s, 5 s의 토스팅 과정에 의해 과산화물값과 공액이중산값이 증가하고 불포화지방산과 포화지방산의 함량 비율인 U/S 값이 감소하는 등 그 정도가 크진 않았으나 유의하게 지방질이 산화되었으며, 토스팅 조건 차이에 따른 유의한 영향은 없었다. 또한 산화 방지 성분 중 포피란이 김의 토스팅에 가장 안정하였고 폴리페놀 화합물이 가장 불안정하였다. 토스팅에 의해 김에 존재하는 색소 중 파이코사이아닌과 파이코에리트린의 분해가 가장 컸으며, ${\beta}$-카로텐과 루테인은 30-50% 정도의 분해율을 보였고 클로로필 a의 분해율은 10% 미만으로 가장 안정하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.134-139
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• 1999

The relationship between storage stability and chlorophyll contents of dried laver(DL), roasted laver(RL) and roasted seasoned laver(RSL) according to packaging during storage at 20$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$ were investigated by measuring the acid value(AV) and the peroxide value(POV). There results are as follows; 1.The storage stability was decreased in the rank of 0 < 3< 6 < 9 months by storage term, RL < DL < RSL by the kind of laver products and PP/PE/AL/PE/LLDPE(Al) < PP/PE(PP) y packaging. 2. When the silica gel was added to RSL, the storage stability was improved. The more the addition level of silica gel was increased, the more the storage stability was improved. The rank order was 2g < 4g in RSL. 3. Reduction of the total chlorophyll content in RSL were deacreased to 10% when packed with Al and 24% when packed with PP.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2018

Various types of dried laver Pyropia yezoensis have been produced in response to increasing demand and other laver goods manufactured using different processing methods are continuously being developed. The dried laver used in this experiment was initially heated at $165^{\circ}C$ for 3 seconds, followed by second heating at a high temperature ($340-350^{\circ}C$) to increase the storage period and enhance taste and flavor. Nutrient analysis of each sample heated under three conditions revealed that the protein and lipid contents were highest in samples from D company, while the carbohydrate contents remained relatively stable. After storage for 10 weeks at room temperature, changes in the composition were evaluated. The results showed decrease in protein (30%-49%) and essential amino acid contents. During storage, the major unsaturated fatty acids contained in dried laver slightly changed to 53.4%-56.0% in the form of EPA, while saturated fatty acids slightly increased to 18.4%-22.6% in the form of palmitic acid. The variables derived from fatty acid composition, such as atherogenic and thrombogenic, and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic dietary indices, and polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids ratio, also indicated reasonable levels of stability. However, the laver should be consumed within 2 months.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1017-1021
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• 2003

건조김과 변색김의 탄수화물과 지방 및 회분함량은 거의 동일한 함량을 나타냈으나 단백질함량은 건조김이 더 높게 나타났다. 김의 chlorophyll과 carotenoids 색소는 95% 에탄올 농도에서 그 추출성이 크게 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 변색김 보다 건조김에서 그 함량이 총 chlorophyll은 1.5배, 총 carotenoids는 10배정도 더 높게 나타났다. 건조김과 변색김의 비타민 C 함량은 건조김은 35.9 mg%, 변색김은 21.4 mg%를 나타내, 건조김이 변색 김보다 높게 나타났다. 총당은 건조김이 15.6%, 변색김이 15.2%를 나타내 거의 동일한 함량이 존재하였다. Crude porphyran의 함량은 건조김이 12.5%, 변색김이 12.3%를 나타내 건조김과 변색김으로부터 crude porphyran의 추출율은 거의 같은 수준으로 나타났다. 건조김과 변색김으로부터 얻어진 porphyran의 화학적 조성을 비교해 보면 crude porphyran의 총당 함량은 건조김 porphyran이 64.5%, 변색김 porphyran은 63.7%를 나타내어 각각의 crude porphyran의 총당은 거의 비슷한 함량임을 나타냈다. 황산기 함량은 총당 중에 황산기의 함량이 건조김 porphyran은 17.6%, 변색김은 16.9%을 나타내었고, 3,6-anhydrogalactose은 건조김 porphyran이 18.8%, 변색김 porphyran이 18.1%를 나타내어 거의 같은 수준의 화학조성을 갖고 있어 변색김으로부터도 포피란의 추출이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2013

Laver, a red algae belonging to the genus Porphyra, is one of the most widely consumed edible seaweeds. The most popular commercial dried laver species, P. tenera and P. haitanensis, were collected from Korea and China, respectively, and evaluated for proximate composition, amino acids, minerals, trace heavy metals, and color. The moisture and ash contents of P. tenera and P. haitanensis ranged from 3.66~6.74% and 8.78~9.07%, respectively; crude lipid and protein contents were 1.96~2.25% and 32.16~36.88%, respectively. Dried lavers were found to be a good source of amino acids, such as asparagine, isoleucine, leucine, and taurine, and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid. K, Ca, Mg, Na, P, I, Fe, and Se minerals were selected for analysis. A clear regional variation existed in the amino acid, mineral, and trace metal contents of lavers. Regular consumption of lavers may have heath benefits because they are relatively low in fat and high in protein, and contain functional amino acids and minerals.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

The micro-Kjeldahl method, a common technique for analyzing crude proteins, is time-consuming and dangerous due to the employment of reagents such as sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. However, a Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectrophotometer analysis can be completed in under a minute after simple pre-processing if data has been gathered using sufficient reference material in advance. Furthermore, the use of safe reagents in this technique ensures the safety of the experimenter and the environment. In addition, a portable FT-NIR spectrophotometer enables real-time measurement at processing or distribution sites and has recently gained popularity. The standard errors of calibration and regression (r²) for the calibration result for estimating the crude protein content of dried laver were 0.9775 and 1.2526, respectively. The standard error of prediction was 1.1814, and the r² was 0.9303 in the validation results, which was a good level. In the present study, a method for predicting the crude protein content of dried laver using an FT-NIR spectrophotometer in the range of 29%-40% crude protein content has been reported.