• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2014

Objective: This study aims to develop a new desk with a built-in bookholder and desktop-mounted sliding drawer for reducing stress of seated reading postures and to analyze its effect. Background: It is general for readers to bend their back and neck when reading books on desks, which may result in high back and neck postural stress. In addition, postures using vertically layered drawers positioned at the side of users may be awkward. Method: For reducing the postural stress, a new desk with a built-in bookholder and sliding drawer was developed based on a standard of KS G 4208 for student desk. The muscle activities of reading postures on both existing and new desks were measured using EMG, in which seven male and three female college students participated. The postural stress, and musculoskeletal discomfort and ease of usage for existing and new drawers were analyzed by RULA and questionnaire survey, respectively. Results: Compared to existing desk, the muscle activity for the new desk with a bookholder was reduced by 47% when reading books. In addition, musculoskeletal discomforts in the shoulder, neck and low back were significantly lower when using the new desk with a bookholder. Although the stresses for postures using the desktop-mounted sliding drawer and general drawer were not significantly different, the questionnaire survey revealed that the new desktop-mounted sliding drawer is easier to use. Conclusion: A new desk developed in this study significantly reduced postural stress and enhanced subjective preference when reading. Application: This would be useful when developing new desks with low postural stress.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.706-712
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the sanitation level and use of dish cloths, chopping board, and drawer in the refrigerator in 50 university students' houses located in Seoul and Kyonggido. The survey questionnaire evaluated general information, frequency of the washing, cleaning method, drying method and the associated factors. The highest percentage of the cleaning and drying methods of dish cloths were “boiling(76.0%)”, and “dry in the kitchen or on the sink(78.0%)”, respectively. For the chopping board and drawer in the refrigerator, the highest percentage of cleaning method was “use detergent” and drying method was “dry in the kitchen”. The mean of coliforms for dish cloths, chopping board, and drawer in the refrigerator was 4.46${\pm}$1.95 log CFU/100 $cm^2$, 3.92${\pm}$1.64 log CFU/100 $cm^2$, 3.48${\pm}$2.01 log CFU/ 100 $cm^2$, respectively. Salmonella spp. were not detected from all samples. But E. coli were detected from dish cloths(4.0%) and S. aureus were detected from dish cloths(16.0%), chopping board(12.0%), and drawer in the refrigerator(8.0%). The results of microbiological test of kitchen utensils indicated that the sanitary conditions of dish cloths, chopping board, drawer in the refrigerator should be improve promptly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2015

This study was full-scale combustion test for flame growth characteristics and temperature characteristics analysis to predict the risk of household Items fire when fire occurs. Experimental results, Refrigerator flames were the highest measured in 15 min time, and Washing machine is between 20 ~ 30 min, Drawer is 5 min, Sofa was enabled up to the size of the flame 15 min. In addition, the maximum combustion temperature was found from the time 20 min ~ 25 min, Sofa is temperature was elevated up to $1190^{\circ}C$, Refrigerator is $1,162^{\circ}C$, Drawer is $822^{\circ}C$, Washing machine appeared to be rising up to $670^{\circ}C$. Therefore, in the case of the maximum temperature of combustion Sofa it showed relatively high.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.97-105
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• 2009

Optimal design of a roller rail which replaces the ball rail for three-door refrigerators is presented using the finite element analysis and the Taguchi method. Stress and deformation of the roller rail for an initial design are analyzed and evaluated. Optimal design parameters are determined using the Taguchi method. The maximum stress of the optimal design is favorably reduced comparing to the initial design. It is verified through an additional analysis that the drawer on the roller rail will not be derailed even if one opens the drawer with a transverse force.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.851-852
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• 2013

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2015

This is a study and work of furniture design adopted from a natural phenomenon, especially from the changing shapes of the moon. The drawer of furniture, a part frequently contacted with our hand (human body) is well related to the symbolism of the moon, which includes life conception and fertility. I created various forms of drawer handle shaped from the moon phases, which give a furniture design esthetical, symbolic and formative meanings. The characteristics of my drawer furniture designs are classified into 3 types. First, as the volumes of drawers increase, the handle shapes also change differently: old moon, crescent, half moon and full moon. Second, without keeping time order, drawers may have the same sizes with handles freely selected and arranged by formative accounts. Third, both increasingly changing type and freely selected and arranged type are combined to make a composite structure. In their simple geometric forms, these furnitures can provide nature intimacy, which fulfill the needs of our time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.38-44
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• 2015

For this study, fire tests were performed targeting household items (Sofa, Drawer, Refrigerator, Washing machine) using a large cone calorimeter (Large Scale Cone Calorimeter, LSC). The data were obtained focusing on the fire characteristic of the data when the actual fire occurs. The study results showed the following mean HRR of the household items; drawer 2843 KW, sofa 2939 KW, washing machine 719 KW, refrigerator 2907 KW, and THR is found in sofa 2202 MJ, drawer 1559 MJ, refrigerator 1193 MJ, washing machine 627 MJ. From the result, it could be found that the sofa can cause significant heat generation when the fire occurs, and the flashover tendency was found relatively high in compartment fire. In addition, a weight of the four our household items was reduced sharply in a similar time (20min before and after) degree after ignition. The drawer and sofa which has a high heat release can be considered to speed up the fire spread as their weight decrease rapidly and showed relatively weak to the fire compared to the refrigerator and washing machine.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.437-446
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to draw an efficient UI design by comparing the usability of App drawer and single-layered home screens, which are smartphone home screens. Background: Because smartphone home screen is frequently used including the installation, deletion, and editing of APPs, it should be designed with easily controllable information structure. There is a need to seek a user-friendly UI by comparing the usability of App drawer and single-layered home screens, of which methods to search Apps are different. There is also a need to examine an efficient UI and the factors to improve from the user perspective. Method: This study targeted 30 Android OS and iOS users to evaluate the App drawer and single-layered home screens, of which UI structures are different. Each participant was instructed to carry out an App searching task and App deleting task, and the execution time and the number of errors were measured. After the tasks were completed, they evaluated satisfaction through a questionnaire survey. Results: In the App searching task with low task level, there was no difference in execution level between the App drawer and single-layered home screens. However, the single-layered home screen showed higher efficiency and accuracy in the App deleting task with high task level. As for the group difference according to use experience, there was no difference in satisfaction among Android OS users, but iOS user satisfaction with single-layered home screen with which they were familiar was higher. Conclusion: As for home screen usability, the single-layered home screen UI structure can be advantageous, as task level is higher. Repulsion was higher, when users, who had used easier UI, used complex UI in comparison with user satisfaction, when users familiar with complex UI used easier UI. A UI indicating the current status with clear label marking through a task flow chart-based analysis, and a UI in which a user can immediately recognize by exposing hidden functions to the first depth were revealed as things to improve. Application: The results of this study are expected to be used as reference data in designing smartphone home screens. Especially, when iOS users use Android OS, the results are presumed to contribute to the reduction of predicted barriers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.655-660
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• 2016

Self-closing drawers are used in high-end products, such as furniture, home appliances, and a range of other storage devices. In this study, a self-closing mechanism is proposed. A system consisting of a friction latch, constant force spring, rotary damper with rack, and pinion is developed. The retracting drawer can be latched at any position and can be reactivated by simple touch. The constant force spring and rotary damper offer smooth closing action. The ergonomic quality of the closing action is quantified by an index based on velocity-time behavior. The effects of various design parameters are analyzed with a dynamics model and experimentally validated by prototype testing.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2011

The intention is to explore the differentiation or evolution of the chest of drawers in traditional Korean, Western, and Japanese furniture in order to know how the drawers currently becoming popular in Korea were developed historically. The Korean furniture centered in $Jang$, $Nong$, and $Bandazi$ used in the tradition generally, the Western furniture involved in drawers, and the Japanese furniture called $Tansu$ in Japanese called the chest of drawers were focused on the study because the Western and Japanese drawers affected the development of the chest of drawers in Korean furniture during the late 19th century and the Japanese Ruling Era, respectively. As a result, the Korean furniture was not shown the chest of drawers but only small drawers that store small items located in the upper part of $Jang$, $Nong$, and $Bandazi$ mostly used as wardrobe, while the traditional Japanese furniture developed from Edo period (1607-1868) had showed a wide variety of chest of drawers like $Isho-dansu$, $Mizuya-dansu$, $Kusuri-dansu$, $Cho-dansu$, $Funa-dansu$, $Kaidan-dansu$, $Nagamochi-dansu$, $Kuruma-dansu$, and so on, for specialized storage. And in the traditional Western furniture were presented the chest like a large-box form, mule chest, chest of drawers, cabinet, commode, highboy, tallboy, wardrobe, secretary drawer and bureau with document drawer invented and evolved throughout the 15th-18th century. Therefore, the chest of drawers in contemporary Korean furniture is supposed to adopt the Japanese and Western drawer form and to ensure the continual production from the obvious utility of the design with decoration for our current everyday lives.