• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : Traditionally incision and drainage is considered to be standard treatment of deep neck infection. But antibiotics and diagnostic technique are developed recently, there are reports that conservative therapy could be as successful as open surgical drainage. The purposes of this study has been to assess clinical feature between surgical therapy group and conservative therapy group through statistical analysis. Materials and Methods : A retrospective study was performed on 46 cases of deep neck space abscess, which were confirmed CT, in patients admitted from January 1999 to June 2002. Result : About 80% of all are treated with conservative therapy. Erythrocyte sediment rate, volume of abscess and duration of hospitalization of conservative therapy group are decreased than those of surgical therapy group. Conclusions : Conservative therapy is expected to be effective on treatment of early stage, small sized deep neck infection. But its complication can lead to serious condition of patient it should be done under meticulous observation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1994

Prompt recognition and proper treatment of esophageal perforation or rupture may ax~ert death or minimize complications. We have experienced sixteen patients of esophageal perforation at the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, Hallym Medical college during the period fromJan. 1986 to Sep. 1993. The ratio between male and female patient was 13:3 and their age ranged from 23 years to 67 years old. The major cause of esophageal perforations was spontaneous rupture in 7 cases[45%], surgical trauma in 2 cases[12%], instrumental trauma in 2 cases[12%], and others in 5 cases[31%]. The common site of esophageal perforation was in the lower third portion of the esophagus[10 cases, 62%]. The most consistent symptom of esophageal perforation was chest pain in 11 cases, temperature elevation within a few hours was 9 cases.Contrast roentgenographic studies demonstrated the perforation in all but 2 of the 16 patients. The frequent complications of esophageal perforation were empyema in 7 cases[45 %] and mediastinitis in 2 cases[12%]. fourteen patients had suture closure and drainage with 2 deaths, and 2 patient received only drainage procedures. The mortality rate was 12%[2 cases] and cause of death was sepsis and aortic rupture.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2014

In this study, the methodologies for evaluating the low-flow at the ungauged watershed are reviewed and assessed. The ungauged watershed can be classified into different situations such as the partially recorded watershed and the completely ungauged watershed. The extension method and the percentile method are used to evaluated the low-flow at the partially recorded watershed. The drainage-area ratio method and the regional regression method are used at the completely ungauged watershed. These four methods are applied and validated based on the hydrological and geometric data acquired from unit watersheds in Han River basin for TMDLs. In case of partially recorded watershed, the values of low-flow evaluated by the extension method are in better agreement with measured flow-rate rather than those by the percentile method. In case of completely ungauged watershed, the drainage-area method is broadly used to estimate the low-flow. It must be paid attention to consider the treated sewage discharge produced at watersheds when applying the method.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2001

A water balance analysis was performed for a paddy field neighboring the Dongchang stream, downstream of the Unmun reservoir, which is constructed for the urban water supply. Daily rainfall data were collected and irrigation water flow rate, drainage flow rate, evaportranspiration, infiltration, and piezometeric head were measured in the field. The flow rates were continuously observed by water level logger during the growing season. The evaportranspiration and the infiltration were measured by N-type depletion meter and cylindrical infiltrometer, respectively. PVC pipes with 12mm diameter were used for piezometric head measurement. Total Irrigation and drainage flows were 3,608mm and 1,170mm in 1999, and 3,971mm and 1,548mm in 2000, respectively. The mean and range of the daily infiltration rate were 4.4mm/d and 3.4mm/d to 5.5mm/d in 1999 and 5.1mm/d and 4.1mm/d to 6.5mm/d in 2000, respectively. The net ground water flow including the change of soil water storage was 2,855mm in 1999 and 2,540mm in 2000. The evapotranspiration was 458.3mm in 1999 and 553.5mm in 2000. The range of daily evapotranspiration rate was from 1.6 to 8.7mm/d. The return flow ratio was about 32% in 1999 and 39% in 2000 and three year average was 35% including previous study in 1997. The amount of irrigation water was much higher than design standards or references in this study, This was caused by the inadequate water management practice in the area where water was oversupplied on farmers’ request rather than following sound water management principles.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 1999

The experiment was conducted to investigate emergence response of lowland weeds at different soil moisture contents, burying depths and upon changes in soil moisture. Rice germination was over 50% at all burying depths under aerobic condition, but the emergence rate of the soil surface placed seeds in saturated and flooded conditions decreased by 19% and 29%, respectively, as compared with that of aerobic condition. Rice seeds at burying depth of over 3 cm did not emerge at all. The emergence rate of Echinochloa crus­galli (L.) Beauv. in aerobic condition was lower than 30%, but the emergence pattern of E. crus galli (L.) Beauv. at different soil moisture contents and seeding depths was similar to that of rice. Emergence behavior of lschaemum rugosum Salisb., Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven and Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. which are dominant lowland weed species in the Philippines also differed depending on soil moisture conditions and burying depths. lschaemum rugosum Salisb. emerged at all burying depths under aerobic condition, whereasLudwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven emerged only at 0 cm deep under saturated and aerobic condition and Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. at 0 cm deep under flooding condition. Weed seeds planted at 1, 3, and 5 cm deep in continuous flooded and saturated condition did not emerge at all, but upon a change of soil moisture condition from saturated to drainage (S$\rightarrow$D) and flooded to drainage (F$\rightarrow$D), grass weeds began to germinate again and the average emergence rate in S$\rightarrow$D and F$\rightarrow$D were 26% and 5% forE. crus­galIi (L.) Beauv., 9% and 8% forI. rugosum SaIisb., respectively. Weed seeds buried in soil in the pot showed great emergence at S$\rightarrow$D but did not emerge under continuous flooded condition. The diversity index accounting for dominance degree and occurrence aspect of weed, was the lowest at F$\rightarrow$D.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2004

A turfgrass rootzone foundation is one of the important iufluences on the growth of cool-season turfgrass such as Kentucky bluegrass, which is usually grown on korean golf courses and athletic fields in Korea. This study was carried out to evaluate the growth of Kentucky bluegrass on 4 types of turfgrass root-zone foundations: a 2cm thickness of Sand 90%+Peat humus 8%+Zeolite 2% mixture on a subsoil base (C), a 20cm thickness of Sand 90%+Peat humus 8%+Zeolite 2% mixture (S), a 20cm thickness of Sand 45%+fine sand(a sort of Bomyungsa) 45%+Peat humus 8%+Zeolite 2% mixture (S+F), and a 20cm thickness of Sand 45%+fine sand(a sort of Bomyungsa) 45%+Peat humus 8%+Zeolite 2% mixture on a 20cm thick drainage layer (S+F(G)). Visual ratings of Kentucky bluegrass on the C foundation were low throughout the experiment when compared to S, S+F, and S+F(G) foundations, which contained high contents of sand with a high water infiltration rate. However, poor growth of Kentucky bluegrass in the summer of 1991 on the S foundation was likely to be caused by a too high water infiltration rate (185.8cm/hr). The growth of Kentucky bluegrass on the S+F(G) was good while the growth was a little weak at the developing stage on the S +F foundation. If the cost had to be considered when constructing golf courses and athletic fields, The S+F foundation without the drainage layer would be the best choice in terms of low cost and good quality of Kentucky bluegrass compared to the S+F(G). In this result, the infiltration rate was regarded as the most influential factor to the growth of Kentucky bluegrass on rootzone foundations.

• 생태와환경
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• 제36권1호통권102호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 총 유입 (1,100 mm)의 반 정도가 강우로부터 유입되었고, 나머지는 관개로부터 유입되었다. 유출은 총 유출량의 반 정도(47${\sim}$54%)가 배수에 의한 유출이였으며, 식물의 성장을 위한 증발산량이 40${\sim}$46%이었다. 지표배수의 경우 강우에 의한 유출과 중간낙수가대부분을 차지하였다. 인과 질소의 영양물질 수지는 유입수의 대부분은 시비로부터 공급되고(78${\sim}$96%),대부분의 유출은 식물체생산(86${\sim}$94%)으로 발생되었으나, 지표배수를 통한 영양물질의 손실량(6${\sim}$l2%)도 많은 부분을 차지하였다. 시비량의 차이는 지표배수를 통한 영양물질 손실과 수확량에 적은 영향를 미치는 것으로 보아 낮은 시비량적용만으로는 영양물질 유출을 감소시키기에는 큰 효과를 기대할 수 없다. 순배출부하량의 분석결과 논농사는 일반적인 강우량의 범위에서 오염물질배출원 보다는 수질 보호의 순기능이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지표배수를 통한 영양물질 손실의 감소는 지표배수를 줄임으로서 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 담수심을 줄여 관개수를 절약하고, 논뚝에서 물꼬의 높이를 증가시키고, 강제배수를 최소화 하는 방법들은 지표배수를 저감하기위한 대안으로 제안된다. 이러한 영농방법은 물 절약과 수질 보호가 가능하지만, 영농방법의 변화는 수확량에 영향을 줄 것이라 생각되며 더 많은 연구를 필요로 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2010

준설매립지반의 압밀을 촉진시키기 위하여 연직방향 뿐만 아니라 방사방향의 배수를 유도하는 연직배수공법이 많이 사용된다. 하지만, 일반적으로 준설된 매립지반의 자중압밀이 완료되기 이전에 연직배수공법이 적용되므로 준설 매립지반의 자중압밀이 진행되는 도중에 연직방향과 방사방향 배수를 동시에 고려하여 압밀거동을 예측하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 비선형 유한변형 자중압밀 과정에서 준설매립지반의 연직방향 및 방사방향을 모두 고려할 수 있는 새로운 해석방법을 제안하였다. 연직방향 비선형 유한변형 자중압밀은 Morris(2002)의 이론해와 PSDDF 해석 결과를 적용하고 방사방향 압밀은 Barron(1948)이 제시한 이론해를 도입하였다. 각 각의 압밀도를 Carillo(1942)의 제안식을 적용하여 연직방향과 방사방향 배수를 고려한 준설매립지반의 자중압밀을 예측하는 방법을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 해석방법을 검증하기 위해 연직배수재가 설치된 대형자중압밀 시험을 수행한 후 해석결과와 비교하여, 제안한 해석방법이 실험결과를 잘 예측할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2014

회사장 혼합석탄재에 대한 다양한 활용법이 개발되어 그 사용량이 외면적으로는 상당히 증대되고 있다. 그러나 예를 들어 연약지반용 배수재 등으로 활용하는 경우는 사용량이 증가할수록 회사장 석탄재에는 상대적으로 작은 입자의 함유율이 증가하는 현상이 발생함으로써 회사장 석탄재의 지반 공학적 특성은 열악해져서 재활용률은 더 이상 증대되지 못하는 한계에 이르게 된다. 본 연구에서는 회사장 석탄재 중 활용성이 낮은 세립분이 상당량 포함된 석탄재에 바인더를 사용하여 압축강도가 정해진 기준 이상 발현되게 하여 강도용 제품 등으로까지 활용할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 1) 주재료인 혼합석탄재의 다양한 입도분포에 따른 압축강도 변화, 2) 소요 압축강도의 바인더의 종류 및 혼합량 그리고 회사장 석탄재의 최적 세립분 함유 범위 등을 제시하고 있다. 바인더는 압축강도 발현 면에서 생석회보다는 시멘트가 월등히 우수하고, 강도용 제품은 물론 배수용 제품 등으로 회사장 혼합석탄재 전체 물량을 효율적으로 활용하기 위해서 선별하는 체로는 #40체가 적정하다. 또한 순수 모래와 #40체를 통과한 회사장 혼합석탄재의 혼합비율이 2 : 8 이상으로 순수 모래가 함유되게 사용함으로써 부족한 압축강도를 현저하게 증대시킬 수 있다.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.63-75
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 폐탄광폐수를 처리하기 위한 SRB의 탄소원으로 하수슬러지와 제지슬러지를 활용가능성과 아울러 석회석에 의한 영향을 검토하였다. 유입 폐탄광폐수의 pH가 평균 3.3정도로 낮음에도 불구하고 전 실험기간동안에 유출수중 평균 pH는 약알칼리성으로 SRB의 생육에 적합한 pH를 유지하였다. 실험초기에 Washout현상으로 높은 TCODcr농도를 나타내었지만 시간이 경과함에 따라 낮아져 유기물의 상승으로 인한 이차적인 오염문제는 없을 것으로 여겨진다. Mn을 제외한 대부분의 중금속은 ${SO_4}^2$ 환원량이 많아짐에 따라 고정경향이 강하여 유출수 중 낮은 농도를 나타내었으나, Mn의 경우에는 유출수중 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 하수슬러지의 혼합비율이 제지슬러지와 같거나 많은 경우에 비교적 중금속 제거효율과 ${SO_4}^2$ 환원율이 높으나 제지슬러지 보다 단기간 분해가능한 하수슬러지가 2배 정도 많은 경우에 유기물의 지속성 측면에서 적절하지 못하며 오히려 혼합비율이 같은 경우가 더 적절하다고 여겨진다. 석회석과 생물학적 처리에 의한 효율을 비교.검토해본 결과, 생물학적 처리에서 pH 중화와 중금속 제거효율이 높았다.