• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.115-124
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• 2004

To utilize a closed municipal solid waste landfill site in environmentally secure conditions, it is necessary to verify the stabilization level of landfill leachate. To assess leachate stabilization of an open-dumping municipal solid waste landfill (Noeun Landfill) which is located at the upper drainage basin of Namhan River which flows into Lake Paldang utilized for Seoul Metropolitan water supplies, the surrounding characteristics of the landfill site was surveyed. After then, leachate, groundwater and soil samples from this landfill were chemically analyzed, and the analysis results were evaluated by "The Criteria of Landfill Waste Stabilization(CLWS)", "Discharge Criteria of Landfill Leachate", "The Criteria of Domestic Use in Groundwater Quality", and "Soil Contamination Criteria" promulgated by Korean Ministry of Environment. The closed open-dumping landfill was equipped with the final soil cover, 3 groundwater monitoring wells and poor landfill gas extraction devices for the post-closure management of the landfill. BOD/CODcr ratios in leachate were less than or slightly higher than 1/10. This results seemed to imply that the leachate stabilization level of this landfill based on the CLWS was almost completed. Qualities of groundwater sampled from monitoring wells located at outside of landfill were adequate for "The Criteria of Domestic Use in Groundwater Quality". Finally, concentrations of soil contaminants that were likely to be influenced by this landfill site were adequate to "Soil Contamination Criteria".

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.169-174
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• 1988

Thoracic esophageal rupture caused by blunt trauma is often not recognized until late because of the vague symptoms in the initial state as well as its rare incidence, which can easily lead to fulminant mediastinitis with frequent fatal outcome. Once extensive mediastinitis occurs, the primary surgical repair of the esophageal tear is considered to be practically impossible. Various methods have been proposed for the management of these desperately ill patients, but no one provides an acceptable good result yet. The purpose of this article is to report the successful result obtained in the treatment of a patient with fulminant mediastinitis from traumatic esophageal rupture by continuous transesophageal irrigation. A 27 year-old male patient was brought to the emergency room of our hospital complaining of dyspnea and chest pain after blunt trauma. The diagnosis of esophageal rupture in the thorax was made late, about 46 hours after the initial injury, when mediastinitis had already progressed. The transesophageal irrigation method was immediately instituted which consisted of profuse transesophageal irrigation of the mediastinum with orally ingested fluid and/or by Levin tube, positioned proximal to the site of the rupture, and drainage of the irrigation fluid by thoracoscopically accurately positioned chest tubes connected to a well suctioning system. With subsiding inflammatory signs and symptoms, the esophagogram, obtained 54 days after the treatment, showed no evidence of the mediastinal leakage of contrast material which contrasted previous esophagograms with definitive dye collections in the mediastinum. Additional endoscopic finding confirmed complete healing of the esophageal mucosa, previously ruptured. He has been followed up without any problem until recently, 6 months after discharge.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.711-714
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• 2007

Phlegmonous esophagitis is a disorder in which bacterial infection occurs in the submucosal and muscular layers of the esophagus. This malady is very rare and it is usually associated with high mortality. A 69-year-old male was admitted with chest pain and fever he'd experienced for 7 days. The chest computerized tomography scan revealed mediastinal widening, circumferential esophageal thickening, an air shadow along the esophagus and right pleural effusion. Drainage and debridement of the mediastinum and primary repair of the perforated esophageal muscular layer through a right thoracotomy was done immediately. Further surgical treatment was not performed. He had a good oral intake without dysphagia or esophageal leakage at discharge.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 1998

In determining design runoff for the design of drainage systems, the concept of critical storm duration is applied. However, rainfall distribution is usually determined without well-defined standards. In this paper, through the application of ILLUDAS model to Sanbon basin, which is a small urbanized watershed, effects of various rainfall distributing types upon the determination of critical storm duration are throughly analyzed. As a result, it is revealed that peak discharge rates as well as critical storm duration are greatly influenced by the applied of rainfall distributions such as uniform, triangular, trapezoid, huff, central type using IDF curve. Keywords : critical storm duration, rainfall distribution, urban runoff, design storm, ILLUDAS.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.579-592
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• 1994

A case study is presented where a fluvial system is modeled in three dimensions and compared to data gathered from a study of the Arkansas River. The data is unique in that it documents changes that affected a straight channel that was excavated within the river by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Excavation plan maps and sequential aerial photographs show that the channel underwent massive deposition and channel migration as it returned to a more natural, meandering path. These records illustrate that stability of fluvial system can be disrupted either by catastrophic events such as floods or by subtle events such as the altering of a stream's equilibrium base level or sediment load. SEDSIM, Stanford's Sedimentary Basin Simulation Model, is modified and used to model the Arkansas River and the geologic processes that changed in response to changing hydraulic and geologic parameters resulting from the excavation of the channel. Geologic parameters such as fluid and sediment discharge, velocity, transport capacity, and sediment load are input into the model. These parameters regulate the frequency distribution and sizes of sediment grains that are eroded, transported and deposited. The experiments compare favorably with field data, recreating similar patterns of fluid flow and sedimentation. Therefore, simulations provide insight for understanding and spatial distribution of sediment bodies in fluvial deposits and the internal sedimentary structure of fluvial reservoirs. These techniques of graphic simulation can be contributed to support the development of the new design criteria compatible with natural stream processes, espacially drainage problem to minimize environmental disruption.

• KCID journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2011

The HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) model was applied to Mangyeong river watershed to examine its applicability through calibration using monitoring data. For the model application, digital maps were constructed for watershed boundary, land-use, Digital Elevation Model of Mangyeong river watershed using BASINS (Better Assessment Science for Intergrating point and Nonpoint Sources) program. The observed runoff was 1976.4mm while the simulated runoff was 1913.4mm from 2007 to 2008. The model results showed that the simulated runoff was in a good agreement with the observed data and indicated reasonable applicability of the model. In terms of water quality, trends of the observed value were in a good agreement with simulated value despite its model performance lower than expected. However, its reliability and performance were with the expectation considering complexity of the watershed, pollutant sources and land use intermixed in the watershed. Overall, we identified application of HSPF model as reliable evidence by model performance.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 2019

A 6-year-old, spayed female Maltese was presented with the condition of a chronic recurrent abscess formation in the left flank region. Despite the antibiotics and drainage therapy given to the dog, the lesion formed a continued serosanguineous to the point that a purulent discharge was evident. In the meantime, an abdominal ultrasound revealed the presence of a well-defined mass with a hypoechoic outer margin, and a hyperechoic inner rim in the cranial of the kidney. A fistula was noted as being present with a connection between the subcutaneous lesion of the left flank and the abdominal mass. It is emphasized that CT scans revealed the existence of a soft tissue dense mass with low attenuation area, as seen in some internal areas and also a peripheral contrast enhancement was noted within a nonenhancing central region. There was additional nonenhancing fluid found dorsal to the inflammatory tract passing under the epaxial muscles and at the peritoneum. Likewise, the tract exited the skin surface in the left flank. A tentative diagnosis of an abdominal abscess with spontaneous cutaneous fistula was made based on the ultrasonographic and CT appearances. A foreign body such as surgical gauze should always be considered a potential cause of draining tract in small animals, as was considered to be the problem in this case.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2021

Soft tissue filler injections are widely used due to their immediate effects, predictable results, and high stability. However, as the use of soft tissue filler injections has increased, various complications have been reported. We report a life-threatening complication in a patient who developed sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. A 45-year-old woman presented with right leg pain and discharge from the labia majora. The patient had received a soft tissue filler injection of unknown composition 1 year earlier and had recently undergone incision and drainage for an inflammatory cystic nodule. Antibiotic treatment was administered for cellulitis, but the infection progressed to necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis. Fasciotomy and intensive care unit treatment improved the systemic infection, but the soft tissue filler injection site did not respond to treatment for 1 month. Thus, the injection site was covered with a pedicled vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap after wide excision. The area of skin necrosis on the leg was covered with split-thickness skin grafts. Infections occurring after soft tissue filler injections are related to biofilms, and treatment is sometimes difficult. Therefore, although soft tissue filler injections have a favorable safety profile, it is important to be aware of the risk of life-threatening complications.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.355-358
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Water-born pollution loads by agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution are expected to become intensified due to ongoing precipitation change. Therefore, it is essential to develop a best management practice (BMP) that is suitable to agricultural environments in Korea. This study aimed to develop an environmental-friendly BMP to reduce NPS pollution load by agricultural activities. An eco-friendly way, small drainage pond, was suggested in this study to avoid direct drainage of agricultural runoffs and eventually reduce the amount of pollutants discharged into the surrounding aqua-environment. METHODS AND RESULTS: A small pond ($12m^2$) was constructed at the corner of a rice paddy field ($1,715m^2$) located in Suwon, Korea. Water was allowed to drain only via a small drainage pond. Sampling was repeatedly made at two locations, one from an entrance and the other from an exit of a pond, during the rice cultivation period (May to October, 2012). Generally, sampling was made only when runoff water drained through a pond, such as during and/or after rain (irrigation). The water quality analysis showed that all quality parameters (SS, $COD_{Mn}$, T-N, and T-P) were improved as water passed through the pond. The amount of runoff water was reduced by 96~100%. Suspended solids and COD concentrations was reduced by 79.3% and 45.6%, respectively. In case of T-N and T-P concentrations, the reduction rates were 52.2% and 60.5%, respectively and the amount of T-N and T-P were reduced by 16.3~73.0% and 15.4~70.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Our data implies that agricultural NPS pollution from rice paddy fields can be effectively managed when an appropriate drainage water management practice is imposed. In this paper, it was suggested that an installation of a small drainage pond can be effective to prevent not only the nutrient loss from rice fields but also pollutant discharge to surrounding water environments.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.2303-2315
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• 2013

In general, the waterway was installed for drain water from steep slope and waterway cover was set up to prevent overflow and water separation at berm of waterway. In this study, hydraulic experiment was conducted to analyze the flow characteristics and enact standard design criteria of the waterway. Hydraulic experimental apparatus which can change the slope of waterway and the length of berm were installed to analyze of flow characteristics at the waterway. The slopes of waterway were $40^{\circ}$, $50^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $70^{\circ}$ and the range of discharge were 1.0~5.6 ${\ell}/s$. The flow in berm was distinguished two types such as hydraulic jump and splash flow. These kinds of flows depended on the rates of discharge in waterway. When inlet discharge was below 1.1~2.0 ${\ell}/s$, the separation phenomenon of water was generated at upper and lower portion in berm by the splash flow. The scattering range of water particles and length of water separation was measured depending on the slope of waterway. The start point of scattering was about 20 cm(1.3B) from the place connected upper waterway with brem and the length of water separation was till 210 cm(3.5B) from the place connected lower waterway with brem. Therefore, the waterway cover needed to install from starting of berm to 1B and from the lower part of berm to 3.5B.