• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to analyze the microclimate and the growth of tomato and lettuce in the greenhouses covered with spectrum conversion films using different phosphor particles sizes. Two spectrum conversion films using phosphor particles larger than $10{\mu}m$ (Micro-film) and smaller than 500 nm (Nano-film) in radius, and poly-ethylene (PE) film were used in double-layered greenhouses as outer coverings. PE films were used as inner coverings in all the greenhouses. Thickness of the films for inner and outer coverings was 0.06 mm. Tensile strength, elongation, and tearing resistance of the Micro- and Nano-films were not different from those of the PE film. Transmittances at a wavelength of 300-1100 nm were a little higher at the Micro-film and lower at the Nano-film than that of the PE film, respectively. Air temperatures at the Micro- and Nano-films were over $2^{\circ}C$ higher than at the PE film, but no significant difference was observed between the two light conversion films. The soil temperature at the Nano-film was $1.5^{\circ}C$ and $3^{\circ}C$ higher than at the Micro- and PE films, respectively. The yields of tomato at the Micro- and Nano-films were 12% and 14% higher than at the PE film, but no significant difference was observed between the two spectrum conversion films. The total soluble solid showed no significant differences among all the films. The yields of lettuces at the Micro- and Nano-films were 27% and 59% higher than at the PE film. Hunter's red (a) value of the lettuce leaf was the highest at the Nano-film. In this experiment, tomatoes requiring high irradiation were better at the Nano film, while lettuce requiring low irradiation better at the Micro film.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.45-51
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• 2006

In the field of makeup cosmetics, especially, powder-based foundations such as two-way cake, pact and face powder, the quality of which is known to be strongly influenced by the properties of powder, surface treatment technology is widely used as a method to improve the various characteristics of powder texture, wear properties, dispersion ability and so on. The two-way cake or pressed-powder foundation is one of the familiar makeup products in Asian market for deep covering and finishing purpose. In spite of the relent progress in surface modification method such as composition of powders with different characteristics and application of a diversity of coating ingredient (metal soap, amino acid, silicone and fluorine), this product possess a technical difficulty to enhance both of the adhesion power and spreadability on the skin in addition to potential claim of consumer about heavy or thick feeling. This article is covering the preparation and coating method of nano-vesicle that mimic the double-layered lipid lamellar structure existing between the corneocytes of the stratum corneum in the skin for the purpose of improving both of two important physical characteristic of two-way cake, spreadability and adhering force to skin, and obtining better affinity to skin. Nano-vesicle was prepared using the high-pressure emulsifying process of lecithin, pseudo ceramide, butylene glycol and tocopheryl acetate. This nano-sized emulsion was added to powder-dispersed aqueous phase together with bivalent metal salt solution and then the filtering and drying procedure was followed to yield the nano-vesicle coated powder. The amount of nano-vesicle coated on the powder was able to regulated by the concentration of metal salt and this novel powder showed the lower friction coefficient, more uniform condition of application and higher adhesive powder comparing with the alkyl silane treated powder from the test result of spreadability and wear properties using friction meter and air jet method. Two-wav cake containing newly developed coated powder with nano-vesicle showed the similar advantages in the frictional and adhesive characteristics.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.137-156
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• 1998

In this study, the researcher studied the historical background, and the traditional culture about dress and ornament of Yunnan Province of China, The results of the study are as follows. 1. Dress and personal ornaments of the Va peoples vary with the locality. Their traditional dress and adornment is characterized by those in the Ximeng area. Men usually wear black or dark blue collarless jackets and black and dark blue loose and short bagged trousers with folding waist. Women usually wear close-fitting sleeveless pullover blouses with V-shaped necks and straight skirts with patterns of red and black cross stripes. 2. Jingpo men have changed to wear shirts with button down the front and trousers. They also entwine white turbans with red bobbles on both ends, and carry diagonally long knives, firelocks and red woolen figured satchels on their shoulders. Women usually wear black velvet blouses with silver bowl-shaped ornaments and chains around collars and on the fronts. They also wear red straight skirts with overlapped slit on the right, waistbands and waist hoops made of rattan and bamboo. 3. The Naxi nationality has a long history and excellent traditional culture. In modern times, women like to wear red, blue or purple laced blouses, long double-layered pleated skirts, waistbands and embroidered shoes. They wear their hair in buns with either hats or kerchiefs over them. While working or going out, they put on their "seven-star" capes made of sheepskin and embroidered with two big circles and seven small ones, while is a symbol of their frog totem. 4. The dress and adorment of the Jinuo people is simple, elegant and has its own unique characteristics. Men usually wear white buttonless shirts with round necks and an opening on the front, knee-length bagged trousers and legging. They wear cloth turbans, earrings and also put small bamboo or silver pipes in the holes of their earlobes. Women wear short buttonless blouses with round necks and seven coloured stripes and thin tight-fitting or embroidered triangular underwear. 5. The dress and ardorment of the Benglong (De' ang) nationality has its own strong national colour. Most of the men wear jackets with buttons arranged diagonally on the front, loose, short trousers and black or white turbans. Some young men like to wear eardrops and silver necklaces. Women's dress and adornment differs according to various branches. For example, the women of the Bielie and Liang branches have their hair shaved and wear black turbans. They use large square silver tablets as buttons and wear blue or black blouses with buttons down the front. 6. Oai men usually wear trousers, white or blue cloth turbans and round-necked shirts with buttons down the front or arranged diagonally on the front. Women usually wear long straight skirt and blouses. But dress and adornment varies in regions. 7. The Bai nationality dress and adornment has unique national style. The dress fabrics are mainly cotton cloth, silk and velvet. Men usually wear red velvet vests over white shirts with buttons down the front or black velvet vests over light blue shirts. They also wear white of blue turbans and carry satchels with beautiful embroidered designs over their shoulders. Women usually wear red velvet vests over white blouses, or black vests over light-coloured blouses.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.423-430
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• 2014

PTMSP/LDH composite membranes were prepared by adding 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt% LDH contents to PTMSP. The gas permeability and selectivity for $H_2$, $N_2$, $CH_4$, $C_3H_8$, $n-C_4H_{10}$ were investigated as a function of LDH content. As LDH content of PTMSP/LDH composite membranes increased to 5 wt%, the gas permeability for $H_2$ and $N_2$ gradually decreased, while $n-C_4H_{10}$ permeability rapidly increased. The gas permeability for $CH_4$ and $C_3H_8$ was found to decrease for the membranes with LDH content range of 0~3 wt%, however increase in the range of 3~5 wt%. As LDH content of PTMSP/LDH composite membranes increased to 5 wt%, the selectivity of membranes gradually increased for $H_2$, $N_2$, $CH_4$, $C_3H_8$, $n-C_4H_{10}$ over $H_2$, $N_2$. However the selectivity for $C_3H_8$ and $n-C_4H_{10}$ over $CH_4$ increased in the range of LDH content 0~3 wt% but decreased in the range of 3~5 wt%. The $CH_4$ and $n-C_4H_{10}$ selectivity over $H_2$ and $N_2$ increased as $CH_4$ and $n-C_4H_{10}$ permeability increased. The $n-C_4H_{10}$ selectivity over $CH_4$ increased with increasing $n-C_4H_{10}$ permeability up to 182,000 barrer and decreased above 182,000 barrer of $n-C_4H_{10}$ permeability. The $C_3H_8$ selectivity over $H_2$ and $N_2$ was found to decrease as the $C_3H_8$ permeability increased from 46,000 to 50,000 barrer, but to increase with increasing permeability from 50,000 to 52,300 barrer and decrease again with increasing permeability from 52,300 to 60,000 barrer. The $C_3H_8$ selectivity over $CH_4$ was found to decrease with increasing $C_3H_8$ permeability up to 52,300 barrer but increase above 52,300 barrer.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.242-253
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• 2020

Six ornamental metal quiver fittings were excavated from stone chamber No.1 of the ancient tombs of Jeongchon, Bokam-ri, Naju. The ornamental quiver fittings are metal, but the body of the quiver was made of organic material, so that it corroded and disappeared in the burial environment. The ornamental metal quiver fittings were made in pairs, and decorated one quiver according to the location they were found in and their forms. The ornamental metal quiver fitting can be divided into two types: A band style ornament (帶輪狀金具) which decorates the arrow pouch, and a board style ornament (板狀金具) which decorates the board connecting the waist belt. Two ornamental metal quiver fittings excavated from wooden coffin 2 of stone chamber No.1, were made in the band style, while the ornamental metal quiver fittings from southeast of stone chamber No.1 were identified as two boardstyle ornaments and two band-style ornaments for what was presumed to be belt loops. Material analysis of the ornamental metal quiver fittings shows that they are made of a gilt bronze plate attached to an iron plate, and the surface is marked with a speck of chisel to make lines and patterns. Chemical composition analysis (XRF) established that 24~40wt% Au and 50~93wt% Cu were detected on the gold surface, and it was confirmed that bronze corrosion had taken place on the gilt surface. SEM-EDS analysis of the gold plating layer identified a working line for glossing, and 7~9wt% Hg and an amalgam of gilt layers was detected, confirming the amalgam gilding. CT and FT-IR analysis established that the band style was double-layered with silk fabric under the iron plate, and there was also a lacquer piece underneath. The band-style ornaments have two layers of silk under the iron plate, along with lacquer pieces. Adding the fabric to the arrow pouch increases adhesion and decorative value. It is assumed that the lacquer pieces indicate that the surface of the lacquered arrow pouch had fallen together with the ornaments. On the other hand, the board-style ornaments have a thick layer of organic matter under the iron plate, but this is difficult to identify and appears to be a remnant of the quiver board. The characteristics of these ornamental metal quiver fittings were similar in Baekje, Silla, and Gaya cultures from the late 4th to the late 5th centuries, and enable us to identify the art of ancient gold craftwork at that time.