• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2355-2359
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• 2015

Background: Combination chemotherapy of 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) with oxaliplatin, mainly FOLFOX regimens, has shown considerable antitumor activity and a tolerable toxicity profile in gastric cancer. The goal of this study was to retrospectively compare the efficacy and toxicity of modified FOLFOX-6 (mFOLFOX6) regimen in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients with good and poor performance status (PS). Materials and Methods: AGC patients receiving the mFOLFOX6 regimen including oxaliplatin $85mg/m^2$, bolus of 5-FU $400mg/m^2$ and LV $400mg/m^2$ on the first day, followed by $2400mg/m^2$ of 5- FU as a continious infusion over 46 hour for first-line treatment were eligible for the study. Results: A total 58 patients with a median age of 59.5 (32-81) were included. The median follow up of the study was 9.2 months. Thirty patients (51.7%) with an ECOG PS 0-1 were assigned to the good PS arm, while 28 patients (48.3%) with ECOG PS 2 were in the poor PS arm. Overall response rates were 36.6 and 28.8%, respectively (p=0.91). Median PFS was 6.7 and 6.3 months in good PS and poor PS arms (p=0.50) and median OS was 9.6 and 10.4 months (p=0.55). As compared with good PS arm, poor PS arm was associated with more grade 3-4 neutropenia and anemia. Dose reduction and dose delays were also significantly higher. Conclusions: In this study, mFOLFOX6 was similarly effective in both arms. Although hematologic toxicity was significantly higher in patients with poor PS, it remained manageable. Our results suggest that this regimen may be an effective treatment option for AGC patients with poor PS.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1845-1849
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• 2014

Background: There is no standard treatment for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) progressing after irinotecan and oxaliplatin treatment. Here we aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of raltitrexed in combination with oral 5-fluoropyrimidine (uracil tegafur-UFT) or mitomycin C as salvage therapy in mCRC patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 62 patients who had received raltitrexed combined with UFT or mitomycin C were identified between December 2008 and June 2013. They were given raltitrexed 2.6 $mg/m^2$ (max 5 mg) i.v. on day 1 in combination with either oral UFT 500 mg/day on days 1-14 every 3 weeks (group A) or mitomycin C 6 $mg/m^2$ i.v. on day every 3 weeks (group B). Results: Forty-two patients (67.7%) were in group A and 20 (32.2%) in group B. In 15 patients (24%) grade 3/4 toxicity was observed, resulting in dose reduction, and in 13 patients (20.9%) dose delay was necessary. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 3 months (95%CI 2.65-3.34) and median overall survival (OS) was 6 months (95%CI 2.09-9.90) in the whole group. Median PFS was 3 months (95%CI 2.60-3.39) in group A vs 3 months (95%CI 1.64-4.35) in group B (p=0.90). Median OS was 6 months (95%CI 2.47-9.53) in group A vs 12 months (95%CI 2.83-21.1) in group B (p=0.46). Conclusions: The combination of raltitrexed with UFT or mitomycin C seem to be a salvage therapy option due to safety profile and moderate clinical activity in heavily-pretreated mCRC patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.197-200
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• 2016

Background: Wedge filters are commonly used in radiation oncology for eliminating hot spots and creating a uniform dose distribution in optimizing isodose curves in the target volume for clinical aspects. These are some limited standard physical wedges ($15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$),or creating an arbitrary wedge angle, like motorized wedge or dynamic wedge,${\ldots}$ The new formulation is presented by the combination of wedge fields for determining an arbitrary effective wedge angles. The isodose curves also are derived for these wedges. Materials and Methods: we performed the dosimetry of Varian Clinac 2100C/D with Scanditronix Wellhofer water blue phantom, CU500E, OmniPro - Accept software and 0.13cc ionization chamber for 6Mv photon beam in depth of 10cm (reference depth) for universal physical wedges ($15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $60^{\circ}$) and reference field $10.10cm^2$. By combining the isodose curve standard wedge fields with compatible weighting dose for each field, the effective isodose curve is calculated for any wedge angle. Results: The relation between a given effective wedge angle and the weighting of each combining wedge fields was derived. A good agreement was found between the measured and calculated wedge angles and the maximum deviation did not exceed $3^{\circ}$. The difference between the measured and calculated data decreased when the combined wedge angles were closer. The results are in agreement with the motorized single wedge appliance in the literature. Conclusions: This technique showed that the effective wedge angle that is obtained from this method is adequate for clinical applications and the motorized wedge formalism is a special case of this consideration.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.905-913
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• 2003

Oriental medicine explains aging as the weakening of Kidney-ai, and Kidney-strengthening herbal medicines such as Yukmijihwang-tang have been studied for anti-aging effects. In Western Medicine, the hypothesis that reactive oxidant species(ROS) contribute to the aging process is generally accepted. It has been reported that Moutan Cortex Radicis extract (MCR) was the most effective constituent of Yukmijihwang-tang in decreasing ROS production in oxidative-stressed cells. The purpose of this study is to confirm the anti-oxidant effect of MCR on PC12 cells, the expression of Heme oxygenase (HO), Macrophage migradon inhibitory factor (MIF), Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) using real time RT PCR. PC12 cells were treated without or with hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of MCR using MTS assay. Hydrogen peroxide decreased the viability of PC12 cells by 53% and MCR did not influence that of stressed PC 12 cells irrespective of dose or incubation period. However, MCR showed an inhibitory effect on production of ROS in stressed cells, both dose and incubation time dependently. In particular, 1 ㎎/㎖ of MCR for 24 h culture almost returned to normal level. In the quantiation of anti-aging related gene expression, MCR at 1 ㎎/㎖ increased the expression of HO by 370%, MIF by 180% and COMT by 280% through real time RT PCR. In conclusion, MCR treatment protected PC12 cells from hydrogen peroxide and decreased ROS production and enhanced anti-oxidative gene expression such as HO, COMT and MIF, which suggests that MCR is involved in controlling anti-aging of nerve cells through elimination of cytotoxic stimuli.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권2호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2021

Background: Many chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients receiving monotherapy continue to experience symptoms, exacerbations and poor quality of life. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of direct switch from once-daily tiotropium (TIO) 18 ㎍ to indacaterol/glycopyrronium (IND/GLY) 110/50 ㎍ once daily in COPD patients in Korea. Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, parallel group, 12-week trial in mild-to-moderate COPD patients who received TIO 18 ㎍ once daily for ≥12 weeks prior to study initiation. Patients aged ≥40 years, with predicted post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) ≥50%, post-bronchodilator FEV₁/forced vital capacity <0.7 and smoking history of ≥10 pack-years were included. Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either IND/GLY or TIO. The primary objective was to demonstrate superiority of IND/GLY over TIO in pre-dose trough FEV₁ at week 12. Secondary endpoints included transition dyspnea index (TDI) focal score, COPD assessment test (CAT) total score, and rescue medication use following the 12-week treatment, and safety assessment. Results: Of the 442 patients screened, 379 were randomized and 347 completed the study. IND/GLY demonstrated superiority in pre-dose trough FEV₁ versus TIO at week 12 (least squares mean treatment difference [Δ], 50 mL; p=0.013). Also, numerical improvements were observed with IND/GLY in the TDI focal score (Δ, 0.31), CAT total score (Δ, -0.81), and rescue medication use (Δ, -0.09 puffs/day). Both treatments were well tolerated by patients. Conclusion: A direct switch from TIO to IND/GLY provided improvements in lung function and other patient-reported outcomes with an acceptable safety profile in patients with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

선형가속기를 기반으로 하는 뇌정위적 방사선 수술에 있어 전용 콘과 동일한 정방형 조사면에서의 소조사면 선량특성에 관해 알아보고자 6 MV 광자선과 소조사면 전용 검출기를 이용해 측정하였다. 선원 표면간 거리는 100 cm로 하고, 전용 cone ${\Phi}1\;cm$, ${\Phi}2\;cm$, ${\Phi}3\;cm$과 정방형 조사면 $1{\times}1\;cm^2$, $2{\times}2\;cm^2$, $3{\times}3\;cm^2$ 조사면 으로 1.5 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm 지점에서 심부선량을 측정하였고, 최대 선량점에서 각 조사면에서 출력선량을 측정하여 비교하였다. 반음영의 측정을 위한 선량측면도 측정은 ${\Phi}1\;cm$, ${\Phi}3\;cm$ 및 동일한 정방형 조사면에서 선원 표면간 거리 95 cm, 깊이 5 cm에서 SFD를 이용하여 측정하였다. 물리학적 조사면(90%) 내에서는 1 mm 간격으로, 반음영 영역(20~80%)에서는 0.5 mm 간격으로 측정하였다. 전용 콘 과 정방향 조사면의 PDD 변화는 기준조사면을 기준으로 5 cm 깊이에서 4.3~7.9% 낮게 나타났으며, 콘의 크기와 조사면 크기가 커질수록 PDD 변화는 적게 나타났다. 선질 비교를 위해 $PDD_{20,10}$를 비교한 결과 ${\Phi}1\;cm$ 콘과 $1{\times}1\;cm^2$을 제외한 다른 조사면에서는 1% 이내의 변화를 보였다. 출력선량은 콘을 이용한 방법에서 정방형 조사면에서 보다 3.1~4.6% 출력선량이 증가하였다. 반음영 영역은 ${\Phi}1\;cm$, ${\Phi}3\;cm$ 동일한 정방형 조사면에서 콘을 이용한 방법이 반음영 영역이 20% 감소하였다. 뇌정위적 방사선 수술은 소조사면을 이용해 1회 대선량을 조사하는 방법으로 조사면의 선량특성을 고려한 처방이 중요하게 된다. 본 실험을 통해 뇌정위적 방사선 수술에 있어 정방형 소조사면 보다 전용 콘을 이용한 방법이 유효하다고 사료되며, 향후 다양한 측정기를 이용한 소조사면의 선량특성에 관한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2009

Oxolonic acid (OA)를 넙치(평균체중 90 g)에 1회 경구투여(15, 30 및 60 ㎎/㎏ body weight), 1회 복강주사(10 및 20 ㎎/㎏ body weight) 및 1시간동안 약욕(30 및 50 ppm)한 다음, 경시적(3시간-144시간)인 혈장내 OA의 잔류농도를 분석하였다. 15, 30 및 60 ㎎/㎏ 농도로 경구투여한 모든 시험구에서 투여 10~15시간째 각각 1.92, 2.45 및 3.72 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 최대혈중농도를 나타내었다. 10 및 20 ㎎/㎏ 농도로 복강주사한 경우, 투여 10시간째 각각 4.1 및 4.8 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 최대혈중농도를 나타내었다. 약욕한 시험구의 경우, 30 및 50 ppm 시험구는 각각 투여 5-30시간째 0.22 및 0.38 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 최대혈중농도를 나타내었다. OA의 투여방법에 따른 넙치 체내 약물 혈중농도 측정결과를 바탕으로 one- compartment model로 WinNonlin program을 이용하여 OA의 흡수, 배설, 반감기 등 약물동태학적 매개변수 (parameter)를 조사하였다. 15, 30 및 60 ㎎/㎏을 경구투여한 경우, 혈장농도-시간곡선하 면적 (AUC)은 각각 70.93, 120.0 및 141.86 $\mu{g}$ $h/m\ell$, 혈중최고농도의 도달시간($T_{max}$)은 16.22, 20.39 및 17.33 h, 혈중최고농도 ($C_{max}$)는 1.61, 2.40 및 3.01 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 계산되었다. 10 및 20 ㎎/㎏을 복강주사한 경우, 혈장농도-시간곡선하 면적(AUC)은 각 각 184.7 및 315.92 $\mu{g}$ $h/m\ell$, 혈중최고농도의 도달시간($T_{max}$)은 5.91 및 6.26 h, 혈중최고농도($C_{max}$)는 4.19 및 4.45 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 계산되었다. 30 및 50ppm으로 약욕한 경우, 혈장농도-시간곡선하 면적 (AUC)은 각각 17.58 및 21.69 $\mu{g}$ $h/m\ell$, 혈중 최고농도의 도달시간($T_{max}$)은 19.08 및 31.43 h, 혈중최고농도($C_{max}$)는 0.22 및 0.25 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 계산되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.321-330
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• 1997

Enrofloxacin is one of the second-generation quinolones which have been widely used to treat bacterial infections in various species including chicken, pig, horse and cattle. The objective of the present study was to describe the serum bactericidal activity(SBA) of enrofloxacin, its pharmacokinetic behaviors after intramuscular or intravenous administration to Korean native goats in the dose rate of 5mg/kg b.w. The results obtained through this study were as follows : 1. Sera collected from both sexes of Korean native goats administered 5mg/kg i.v. or i.m. showed potent antibacterial activities up to the 12 hours by way of the serum bactericidal activity. 2. Concentrations of enrofloxacin in the biological samples were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) so as to study pharmacokinetic characteristics. For detection of enrofloxacin, 10% TCA was optimal for protein precipitation and the mobile phase was 0.01M citric acid/methanol/acetonitrile(7/2/1, pH 3.5) with solid phase being the $C_{18}$ reversephase column and detection wavelength being 278nm. The limit of detection of enrofloxacin on HPLC was $0.05{\mu}g/ml$. 3. Pharmacokinetic profile of enrofloxacin administered 5mg/kg i.v. in Korean native goats was best described by two-compartment open model and that administered i.m. the same rate by one-compartment model. There were no sex differences in pharmacokineticl parameters. In conclusion, enrofloxacin showed potent in vivo antibacterial activity and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in Korean native goats, hence it may be used as a potential antibacterial in the veterinary clinical settings.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2014

A total of 150 growing ducks were assigned to five dietary treatments to study the effect of sea tangle and charcoal (STC) supplementation on growth performance and meat characteristics in a completely randomized design. There were six replicates and five ducklings in each replication. The five dietary treatments were control, antibiotic, and 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% STC supplemented diets. No significant differences were found on ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed among treatments in different weeks. The overall (0 to 3 weeks) ADFI decreased in antibiotic treatment (p<0.05) whereas the gain:feed increased significantly upon 1.0% STC supplementation compared to control (p<0.05). No significant variation was found in meat chemical composition except crude fat content which was high in 1.0% STC dietary group (p<0.05). Meat cholesterol was reduced in 0.1% STC group (p<0.05) compared to other dose levels while serum cholesterol was unaffected. High density lipoprotein (HDL) content was high in 1.0% STC (p<0.05) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was low in 0.1% and 1.0% STC dietary groups (p = 0.06). No significant effect was found on the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of fresh meat, whereas the TBARS value of meat preserved for 1 week was reduced significantly in STC dietary groups (p<0.05). The 0.1% STC dietary group showed an increased myristic acid (p = 0.07) content whereas, the content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids increased in STC supplementation than antibiotic group (p<0.05). An increased concentration of omega-3 fatty acids and a reduced ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was found upon 1.0% STC supplementation compared to antibiotic dietary group (p<0.05). Therefore, 1.0% STC dietary supplementation can be used as alternatives to antibiotics in duck production.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4475-4482
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• 2014

Background: Cisplatin, a DNA damaging agent, induces apoptosis through increasing DNA fragmentation. However, identification of intrinsic resistance molecules against Cisplatin is vital to estimate the success of therapy. Bag-1 (Bcl-2-associated anthanogene) is one anti-apoptotic protein involved in drug resistance impacting on therapeutic efficiency. Elevated levels of this protein are related with increase cell proliferation rates, motility and also cancer development. For this reason, we aimed to understand the role of Bag-1 expression in Cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HeLa cervix cancer cells. Cisplatin decreased cell viability in time- and dose-dependent manner in wt and Bag-1L+HeLa cells. Although, $10{\mu}M$ Cisplatin treatment induced cell death within 24h by activating caspases in wt cells, Bag-1L stable transfection protected cells against Cisplatin treatment. To assess the potential protective role of Bag-1, we first checked the expression profile of interacting anti-apoptotic partners of Bag-1. We found that forced Bag-1L expression prevented Cisplatin-induced apoptosis through acting on Mcl-1 expression, which was reduced after Cisplatin treatment in wt HeLa cells. This mechanism was also supported by the regulation of heat shock protein (Hsp) family members, Hsp90 and Hsp40, which were involved in the regulation Bag-1 interactome including several anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and c-Raf.