• Title/Summary/Keyword: dorsal root ganglion

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Single-Channel Recording of TASK-3-like $K^+$ Channel and Up-Regulation of TASK-3 mRNA Expression after Spinal Cord Injury in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

  • Jang, In-Seok;La, Jun-Ho;Kim, Gyu-Tae;Lee, Jeong-Soon;Kim, Eun-Jin;Lee, Eun-Shin;Kim, Su-Jeong;Seo, Jeong-Min;Ahn, Sang-Ho;Park, Jae-Yong;Hong, Seong-Geun;Kang, Da-Won;Han, Jae-Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.245-251
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    • 2008
  • Single-channel recordings of TASK-1 and TASK-3, members of two-pore domain $K^+$ channel family, have not yet been reported in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, even though their mRNA and activity in whole-cell currents have been detected in these neurons. Here, we report single-channel kinetics of the TASK-3-like $K^+$ channel in DRG neurons and up-regulation of TASK-3 mRNA expression in tissues isolated from animals with spinal cord injury (SCI). In DRG neurons, the single-channel conductance of TASK-3-like $K^+$ channel was $33.0{\pm}0.1$ pS at - 60 mV, and TASK-3 activity fell by $65{\pm}5%$ when the extracellular pH was changed from 7.3 to 6.3, indicating that the DRG $K^+$ channel is similar to cloned TASK-3 channel. TASK-3 mRNA and protein levels in brain, spinal cord, and DRG were significantly higher in injured animals than in sham-operated ones. These results indicate that TASK-3 channels are expressed and functional in DRG neurons and the expression level is up-regulated following SCI, and suggest that TASK-3 channel could act as a potential background $K^+$ channel under SCI-induced acidic condition.

Evidence for Excitatory Input to Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract Neurons Mediated by Motoneuron Collaterals

  • Kim, Jong-Hwan;Shim, Dae-Moo
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.117-124
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    • 1996
  • This study evaluated the hypothesis that motoneuron collaterals modulate the excitability of ventral spinocerebellar tract neurons. In acute cats, 128 ventral cerebellar tract cells were studied extracellularly to determine the effects of ventral root stimuli. The majority of the cells responded to ventral root stimulation with either short or long latency increases in spike discharge. In many cells with sufficient spontaneous activity ventral root stimulation also evoked a long lasting reduction in activity. In preparations with the dorsal root ganglion removed VSCT neurons had similar response properties. In some cells contralateral ventral root stimulation also evoked excitatory responses. These findings indicate the VSCT can provide the cerebellum with information regarding activity in the final output neurons of the motor system, the alpha motoneurons.

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DA-5018, a Novel Vanilloid Type Analgesic

  • Park, Young-Ho;You, Eun-Sook;Kim, Won-Bae;Lee, Sang-Sup
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.93-95
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    • 1997
  • The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of DA-5018 and to compare it with those of capasaicin, resiniferatoxin (ultrapotent capasaicin analog), and olvanil (systemic antinociceptive agent equipotent with capasaicin developed by Proctor & Gamble) (fig.1).

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Induction of Demyelination by Infection of Semliki Forest Virus

  • Kim, Hyun Joo;Choi, Chang-Shik;Hong, Seong-Karp
    • Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.11-12
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    • 2016
  • Schwann cells and neuronal cells from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in embryos of rat were cultured in vitro respectively. The purified neuronal cells with anti-mitotic agents and purified Schwann cells were co-cultured and then accomplished myelination processing. Infection of Semliki forest virus into this myelinated co-culture system was performed and then accomplished demyelination. We identified myelination and demyelination processing using antibody of neuropeptide Y.

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome involving the 2nd, 3rd cervical ganglia (경부 2, 3번 피부절을 침범한 Ramsay-Hunt 증후군 1례)

  • Lee, Chung Seok;Choi, Yong Seok;Song, Eun Hyang;Kim, Jeung Mee;Han, Jeong Ho;Kim, Doo Eung
    • Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.85-88
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    • 2002
  • Ramsay-Hunt syndrome is a viral disease associated with peripheral facial nerve paralysis accompany by erythematous vesicular rashs on the ear(zoster oticus) or in the mouth. Based on clinical presentations that indicated involvement of more than one ganglion, the gasserian, geniculate, petrous, accessory, jugular and second and third dorsal root ganglia comprised a chain in which inflammation of a single ganglion could extend to nearby ganglia. A 71-year-old man presented with left. peripheral facial palsy with otalgia, vesicular eruption in $V_2$, $V_3$, C2, C3 dermatome, tinnitus, and hearing loss.

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External pH Effects on Delayed Rectifier $K^+$ Currents of Small Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron of Rat

  • Kim, Young-Ho;Hahn, Jung-Hyun;Lim, In-Ja;Chung, Sung-Kwon;Bang, Hyo-Weon
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.165-172
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    • 1998
  • Under certain pathophysiological conditions, such as inflammation and ischemia, the concentration of H^+$ ion in the tissue surrounding neurons is changed. Variations in H^+$ concentration are known to alter the conduction and/of the gating properties of several types of ion channels. Several types of K^+$ channels are modulated by pH. In this study, the whole cell configuration of the patch clamp technique has been applied to the recording of the responses of change of external pH on the delayed rectifier K^+$ current of cultured DRG neurons of rat. Outward K^+$ currents were examined in DRG cells, and the Charybdotoxin and Mn^{2+}$ could eliminate Ca^{2+}-dependent$ K^+$ currents from outward K^+$ currents. This outward K^+$ current was activated around -60 mV by step depolarizing pulses from holding potential -70 mV. Outward K^+$ currents were decreased by low external pH. Activation and steady-state inactivation curve were shifted to the right by acidification, while there was small change by alkalization. These results suggest that H^+$ could be alter the sensory modality by changing and modifying voltage-dependent K^+$ currents, which participated in repolarization.

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Morphometric Measurement of the Anatomical Landmark in Anterior Cervical Microforaminotomy

  • Chang, Jae-Chil;Park, Hyung-Ki;Bae, Hack-Gun;Cho, Sung-Jin;Choi, Soon-Kwan;Byun, Park-Jang
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.340-346
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    • 2006
  • Objective : The lack of anatomical knowledge for the anterior cervical microforaminotomy is liable to injure the neurovascular structures. The surgical anatomy is examined with special attention to the ventral aspect exposed in anterior cervical microforaminotomy. Methods : In 16adult formalin fixed cadaveric cervical spine, the author measured the distances from the medical margin of the longus colli to the medical wall of the ipsilateral vertebral artery and the angle for the ipsilateral vertebral artery. The distances from the lateral margin of the posterior longitudinal ligament to the medial margin of the ipsilateral medial wall of the vertebral artery, to the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion was measured too. Results : The distance from the medial margin of the longus colli to the ipsilateral vertebral artery was $13.3{\sim}14.7mm$ and the angle for the ipsilateral vertebral artery was $41{\sim}42.5\;degrees$. The range of distance from the lateral margin of the posterior longitudinal ligament to the ipsilateral vertebral artery was $11.9{\sim}16.1mm$, to the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion was $11.6{\sim}12.9mm$. Conclusion : These data will aid in reducing neurovascular injury during anterior cervical approaches.

Effect of Herba Epimedii on hydrogen peroxide induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons

  • Park Seung-Taeck;Lee Young-Mi;Hong Gi-Youn;Choi Ki-Uk;Min Bu-Ki;Yoon Hyang-Suk;Chang Chul-Ho;Lee Kang-Chang;Juhng Seon-Kwan;Han Du-Seok;Lee Gap-Sang;Seong Kang-Kyung;Lee Geon-Mok
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.36-40
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    • 2002
  • Effects of hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)-induced$ neurotoxicity were investigated in cultured newborn rat spinal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons after DRG neurons were treated in the media containning various concentrations of $H_2O_2$. In addition, the protective effect of Herba Epimedii (HE) extract against $H_2O_2-induced$ neurotoxicity was examined. Cytotoxic values were determined by the cell viability of living cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In the present study, exposure of neurons to $H_2O_2$ resulted in a significant cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manners in cultured DRG neurons. The decrement of cell viability by $H_2O_2$ was blocked by HE. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of HE against $H_2O_2-induced$ cytotoxicity may result from the prevention of injury induced by $H_2O_2$.

Myelination by co-culture of neurons and schwann cells and demyelination by virus infection (뉴런세포와 슈반세포의 공동배양에 의한 수초화와 바이러스 감염에 의한 탈수초화)

  • Sa, Young-Hee;Kweon, Tae Dong;Kim, Ji-Young;Kim, Hyun Joo;Lee, Bae Hwan;Hong, Seong-Karp
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2018.10a
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    • pp.448-451
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the developmental process of myelination by neuron and Schwann cell cultures and the development of demyelination by herpes simplex virus-1 infection by electron microscopy and molecular biological analysis. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was isolated from the mouse embryo and Schwann cells and neuronal cells were cultured in vitro. Neuronal cells treated with mitotic inhibitors and purified Schwann cells were co-cultured together to induce myelination. The herpes simplex virus-1 was infected with the co-cultured cells, and the demyelination was induced. The myelin protein zero (MPZ) antibody, which means the presence of myelin formation, was used and electron microscopy was used to observe the development of myelin and dehydration.

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Effect of Ethyl Pyruvate on Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats

  • Choi, Seong Soo;Koh, Won Uk;Nam, Jae Sik;Shin, Jin Woo;Leem, Jeong Gill;Suh, Jeong Hun
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.135-141
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    • 2013
  • Background: Although paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of solid cancers, side effects such as neuropathic pain lead to poor compliance and discontinuation of the therapy. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is known to have analgesic effects in several pain models and may inhibit apoptosis. The present study was designed to investigate the analgesic effects of EP on mechanical allodynia and apoptosis in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells after paclitaxel administration. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) a control group, which received only vehicle; 2) a paclitaxel group, which received paclitaxel; and 3) an EP group, which received EP after paclitaxel administration. Mechanical allodynia was tested before and at 7 and 14 days after final paclitaxel administration. Fourteen days after paclitaxel treatment, DRG apoptosis was determined by activated caspase-3 immunoreactivity (IR). Results: Post-treatment with EP did not significantly affect paclitaxel-induced allodynia, although it tended to slightly reduce sensitivities to mechanical stimuli after paclitaxel administration. After paclitaxel administration, an increase in caspase-3 IR in DRG cells was observed, which was co-localized with NF200-positive myelinated neurons. Post-treatment with EP decreased the paclitaxel-induced caspase-3 IR. Paclitaxel administration or post-treatment with EP did not alter the glial fibrillary acidic protein IRs in DRG cells. Conclusions: Inhibition of apoptosis in DRG neurons by EP may not be critical in paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia.