• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.908-913
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• 2007

Concentrations of major elements in forages were determined in relation to ruminant requirements at a livestock experimental station in Leiah district, Punjab-Pakistan using mapping techniques. The study investigated the influence of sampling periods and pasture types on the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium in forages. The implications of these forages for nutrition of ruminants were assessed for the livestock population at that particular experimental station, which are supported by the farm pastures. Within the farm, variations in the element status of the forages were related to soil pasture types. A tentative assessment of the mineral status of available forages at this farm for different pastures using guidelines developed for domestic animals indicated deficiencies of only Na, but forages contained adequate Ca, Mg, and K levels required for grazing ruminants. The concentrations of Na in the forage reserves indicated that the potential supply of this element to plants was limited from the soil to plants and from plants to the animals grazing them. Soil minerals were not measured in this study. The potential use of fertilizers, as pasture amendment as well as supplementation of ruminants, with a specifically tailored mineral mixture is important to livestock producers and environmentalists as well, because their use may improve forage nutritive value and in turn meet requirements of animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.605-614
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• 2007

Feeding pigs used to be a means of managing domestic resources that may otherwise have been wasted into valuable animal protein. Feeding pigs thus was a form of husbandry. Following recent rapid industrial development, pig rearing has changed from extensive to intensive, but this transformation has been associated with major concerns. The concentration of large amounts of pig manure in small arrears is environmentally hazardous. Moreover, high densities of animals in intensive production systems also impose a health threat for both animals and humans. Furthermore, the use of growth promoters and preventive medicines for higher production efficiencies, such as in-feed antibiotics, also induces microbial resistance thus affects human therapeutics. In addition, consumers are questioning the ethics of treating animals in intensive production systems. Animal welfare, environmental and bio-safe issues are re-shaping the nature of pig production systems. Feeding pigs thus involves not only the consideration of economic traits, but also welfare traits and environmental traits. Thus, a focus on technological feasibility, environmental sustainability and social desirability is essential for successful feeding operations. Feeding pigs now involves multiple projects with different sustainability goals, but goal conflicts exist since no pattern or scenario can fulfill all sustainability goals and the disagreements are complicated by reduced or even no use of in-feed antibiotics. Thus it is difficult to feed pigs in a manner that meets all goals of high quality, safe product, eco- and bio-sustainability, animal welfare and profit. A sustainable pig production system thus requires a prioritization of goals based on understanding among consumers, society and producers and needs to view from both a local and global perspective.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Recent studies revealed that many animals identify individual humans. In this account, we review previous literatures on individual human recognition by wild or domestic animals and discuss the three hypotheses: "high cognitive abilities" hypothesis, "close human contact" and "pre-exposure to stimuli" hypothesis. The three hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. Close human contact hypothesis is an ultimate explanation for adaptive benefits whereas high cognitive abilities and pre-exposure to stimuli hypothesis are proximate explanations for mechanisms to perform such discriminatory behaviour. We report a case study of two bird species in a human-free habitat. Long-tailed skuas, which are known for having high cognitive abilities, exhibited the human discriminatory abilities whereas ruddy turnstones did not display such abilities toward approaching humans. This suggests that highly intelligent species may have this type of discriminatory ability so that they could learn to identify individual humans quickly by pre-exposure to stimuli, even in a human-free habitat. Here, we discuss that human recognition is more common in species with rapid learning ability and it could develop for a short period of time between an intelligent species and human.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.585-595
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• 2021

Even though most of aquatic animal pathogens are considered opportunistic and many pose a low direct risk to personnel, all personnel working with aquatic pathogens and facilities using these organisms must comply with the regulation to prevent the release of the pathogen into the environment and causing disease in aquatic animals. First of all, in order to establish a biosafety system for aquatic pathogen, the list of microorganisms that can infect aquatic animals and humans should be drawn up according to the microorganisms encountered within national boundaries. Second, risk assessment guideline for diseases of livestock and aquatic environment is desperately needed. Third, microorganisms should be classified into risk group based on their potential impact on human and aquatic environment. Fourth, facilities handling aquatic pathogens should ensure that these pathogens are securely contained and safely handled for experimental or commercial development purposes. In conclusion, classification is based on the pathogenicity, mode of transmission and host range of the aquatic microorganisms, availability of effective preventative measures and treatments. Furthermore, risk group of aquatic pathogens should be correlated with physical containment facility requirements according to domestic characteristics.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2007

The geographical distribution and ecological preferences of Haemaphysalis in domestic animals in Iran were studied 4 times a year from April 2003 to March 2005. A total of 1,622 ixodid tick specimens were collected from 3 different zones. Among them, 108 (6.7%) Haemaphysalis ticks, consisting of 6 species, were identified; H. punctata (3.4%), H. parva (0.5%), H. sulcata (0.6%), H. choldokovskyi (1.7%), H. concinna (0.06%) and Haemaphysalis sp. (0.6%). H. punctata was the most abundant species, whereas H. concinna was the rarest species collected in humid and sub-humid zones on cattle, sheep and goats. H. choldokovskyi was principally collected from sheep and goats grazed in cold mountainous areas. The infested areas consisted of Caspian Sea (Guilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, and central provinces), mountainous (Azarbaiejan, Ardebil, Kohgilouyeh, and Kordestan) and semi-dessert (Khorasan, Semnan, Herman, Sistan, and Baluchestan) zones. The Caspian Sea zone (23.6%) was the most highly infested region. The results show that various species of Haemaphysalis ticks infest domestic ruminants in Iran and each tick species show characteristic geographical distributions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.597-605
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• 2012

Domestic animals, including ruminants, can synthesize vitamin C (VC) in their liver; as such, the dietary requirement for VC has not been confirmed in these animals. The adequacy of VC has been evaluated by quantifying VC levels in plasma, but the reported values in bovine plasma have been widely variable. Plasma VC concentration is decreased by heat stress, hepatic lesions, fattening, and infectious diseases such as mastitis in cattle. Therefore, VC supplementation is potentially beneficial for cattle with low plasma VC concentration. This review discusses the methods for determination of plasma VC concentration in cattle, VC nutrition, and the efficacy of VC supplementation in calves, dairy cattle, and beef cattle. Additionally I propose a reference range for plasma VC concentration in Japanese Black cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.309-314
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• 1992

A review of dairy development and crossbreeding programmes in Malaysia since 1953 is undertaken, based on the relevant literature and the writer's experience. The need for higher domestic milk production and the role of crossbreeding in the realization of this objective is explained. A retrospective evaluation is made of the past crossbreeding programmes and of the decision to use temperate dairy breeds for the purpose. Current dairy development under the 'New Economic Policy' of the Malaysian government and the major problems connected with the importation of high-milk producing animals are discussed. To overcome existing constraints, future strategies for crossbreeding and dairy development, based on long-term objectives, are proposed. It is concluded that crossbreeding will only be useful if the introduction of high yielding dairy animals is combined with an improvement of existing husbandry systems.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2008

개의 성격형질의 연구는 애견가들이 자신의 애견을 잘 이해할 수 있도록 하고, 나아가 만약 탐지견이나 안내견 같은 인간의 생활에 도움을 주는 우수견 선발에 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서 우리는 진도개가 가지는 성격적인 형질을 54두의 진도개를 대상으로 조사하였다. 진도개의 공격성과 사교성에 관련하는 10개의 성격문항이 견주들에 의해 채점되었으며, 점수들을 주성분분석법(Principle Component Analysis)을 통해 분석하였다. 나이, 성별, 거주지(진도군 내 또는 외) 그리고 모색(황색 또는 백색)들이 성격특성에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 변수라 판단되어, 진도개 성격 설문문항들에 대해 주성분분석 결과, 세 개의 인자가 추출되었다. 세 개의 인자는 각각 ‘공격성’, ‘unknown factor’, 그리고 ‘사교성’에 관련하는 문항들을 포함 하고 있었다. 위에서 언급한 네 가지 변수와 공격성 간에 상관성은 관찰되지 않았으나(Ps> 0.05), 모색과 사교성 사이에는 황구가 백구에 비해서 사교성이 높은 경향을 보여주었다 (F1,52 =3.213, p=0.079). 공격성이 다른 변수들과는 상관성이 적은 것으로 보아 이후 진도개의 공격성에 대한 유전학적인 연구가 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품위생안전성학회 2001년도 The Asia-Pacific Conference on Reproductive Biology and Environmental Sciences
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• pp.261-263
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• 2001

• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품위생안전성학회 2001년도 The Asia-Pacific Conference on Reproductive Biology and Environmental Sciences
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• pp.159-159
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• 2001