• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2018

This study proposes a new PWM method for leakage current reduction and neutral point (NP) current control in three-phase three-level converter employed in bipolar DC distribution systems. The proposed PWM method uses medium vectors only when there is no need to control the NP current. Thus, common mode voltages are held constant to realize zero leakage current. Some space vectors that produce low-frequency common mode voltages are employed to minimize leakage currents when the average NP current needs to be a positive or negative value. The proposed space vector PWM is implemented based on barycentric coordinate. The validity of the proposed PWM method is verified by simulations and experiments.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2017

In learning stage of the preliminary Cut-off indoor positioning scheme, RSSI and UUID data received from beacons at each reference point(RP) are stored in fingerprint map. The fingerprint map and real-time beacon information are compared to identify the nearest K reference points through which the user position is estimated. If the number of K is zero, this scheme cannot estimate user position. We have improved the preliminary Cut-off scheme to get the estimated user position even in the case. The improved scheme excludes the beacon of the weakest signal received by user mobile device and identifies neighborhood reference points using the other beacon information. This procedure are performed repetitively until K > 0. The simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme outperforms K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN), Cluster KNN and the conventional Cut-off scheme in terms of accuracy while the constraints are guaranteed to be satisfied.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.147-150
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• 2002

The pinning direction, the spin flop behaviors and the magnetoresistive properties in top synthetic spin valve structure [NiFe/CoFe/Cu/CoFe (t$_{p2}$)/Ru/CoFe (t$_{p1}$)/IrMn] were investigated. The magnetoresistive and pinning characteristics of synthetic spin valves strongly depended on the differences in the two pinning layer thickness, ${\Delta}t(=t_{p2}-t_{p1})$. In contrast to the conventional spin valves, the pinning direction (P1) was canted off with respect to the growth field axis with ${\Delta}t$. We found that the canting angle ${\Phi}$ had different values according to the annealing field direction and ${\Delta}t$. When the samples were annealed at above the blocking temperature of IrMn with zero fields, the canted pinned layer could be set along the growth field axis. Because the easy axis which was induced by the growth field during deposition is still active in all ferromagnetic layers except the IrMn at $250{^{\circ}C}$, the pinning direction could be aligned along the growth field axis, even in 0 field annealing.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2009

가스하이드레이트 개발 시 중요한 요소 중의 하나인 가스하이드레이트 부존층의 정확한 심도를 얻기 위해서는 일반적으로 고해상도 정보를 주는 VSP 탐사가 많이 수행되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 가스하이드레이트 부존지역인 울릉분지 지역의 UBGH09 시추공에서 국내 최초로 삼성분 지오폰을 사용하여 획득한 제로오프셋 VSP 탐사자료로부터 구간속도를 추출하고 corridor 중합단면도를 생성하여 지표탄성파탐사 자료와 비교해 보았다. 먼저 Phase rotation을 통하여 삼성분 지오폰으로 기록된 신호들이 실제 수직 및 두 개의 수평성분 자료들이 되도록 변환 시키고, 파동장 분리과정을 통하여 직접파와 반사파를 분리하였다. 제로오프셋 VSP 자료의 직접파로부터 추출한 구간속도를 음파검층의 구간속도와 비교한 결과 두 구간속도 모두 비슷한 양상을 나타냈다. BSR 상부의 하이드레이트 층에서는 빠른 속도를 보이고 BSR 하부에서 속도가 급격히 떨어지는 것으로 보아 BSR 하부에 유리가스가 집적되어 있는 것으로 보인다. 제로오프셋 VSP 반사파 자료로부터 corridor 중합단면도를 생성하여 지표탄성파탐사의 CMP 중합단면도와 비교한 결과 대부분의 반사이벤트들이 잘 부합하였으며, phase rotation을 적용한 결과가 phase rotation을 적용하지 않았을 경우보다 더 잘 부합하였다.또한 transverse 성분을 이용하여 만든 corridor 중합단면도와 지표탄성파 CMP 중합단면도를 비교한 결과 지표탄성파 CMP 중합 단면도 내의 모오드 변환된 PS 반사파들을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 1991

The as-grown $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ superconducting thin films on MgO(100) substrate have been prepared by a reactive coevaporation method. The superconducting transition temperature, surface morphology and crystalline quality were examined as a function of the substrate temperature ranging from $450^{\circ}C$ to $590^{\circ}C$. From the reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) analysis, it was found the film consisted of almost amorphous phase with a halo pattern deposited at the substrate temperature of $450^{\circ}C$. The film deposited at the substrate temperature of $510^{\circ}C$ consisted of polycrystalline phase, showing a broad ring pattern. On the other hand, for the film deposited at $590^{\circ}C$, RHEED showed spotty pattern indicating that this film consisted of single crystal phase. It has rough film surface due to the surface outgrowth. The surface outgrowth increased as the substrate temperature increased from $510^{\circ}C$ to $590^{\circ}C$. the surface outgrowth may be due to the anisotropic growth rate. The highest transition temperature obtained in this study was $Tc_{zero}$ of 83K with $Tc_{onset}$ of 88K for the film deposited at $590^{\circ}C$ using activated RF oxygen plasma.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1641-1644
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• 2005

Magnetic actuation utilizes the mechanic torque that is the result of interaction of the current in a coil with an external magnetic field. A main obstacle is, however, that torques can only be produced perpendicular to the magnetic field. In addition, there is uncertainty in the Earth magnetic field models due to the complicated dynamic nature of the field. Also, the magnetic hardware and the spacecraft can interact, causing both to behave in undesirable ways. This actuation principle has been a topic of research since earliest satellites were launched. Earlier magnetic control has been applied for nutation damping for gravity gradient stabilized satellites, and for velocity decrease for satellites without appendages. The three axes of a micro-satellite can be stabilized by using an electromagnetic actuator which is rigidly mounted on the structure of the satellite. The actuator consists of three mutually-orthogonal air-cored coils on the skin of the satellite. The coils are excited so that the orbital frame magnetic field and body frame magnetic field coincides i.e. to make the Euler angles to zero. This can be done using a Neural Network controller trained by PD controller data and driven by the difference between the orbital and body frame magnetic fields.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-61
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• 1998

A state-of-the-art report on the new finite elements formulated by the addition of nonconforming displacement modes has been presented. The development of a series improved nonconforming finite elements for the analysis of plate and shell structures is described in the first part of this paper. These new plate and shell finite elements are established by the combined use of different improvement schemes such as; the addition of nonconforming modes, the reduced (or selective) integration, and the construction of the substitute shear strain fields. The improvement achieved may be attributable to the fact that the merits of these improvement techniques are merged into the formation of the new elements in a complementary manner. It is shown that the results obtained by the new elements give significantly improved solutions without any serious defects such as; the shear locking, spurious zero energy mode for the linear as well as nonlinear benchmark problems. Recent developments in the transition elements that have a variable number of mid-side nodes and can be effectively used in the adaptive mesh refinement are presented in the second part. Finally, the nonconforming transition flat shell elements with drilling degrees of freedom are also presented.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.563-569
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• 2014

This article focuses on a hemispherical resonator gyro driven by the Coriolis effect. A hemispherical shell, called a resonator, is maintained in the resonance state by amplitude control and phase locking control. Parametric excitation has been used to control the amplitude. For rate measurement mode or FTR mode, nodal points have been kept to an amplitude of zero. Angular rate measurement has been demonstrated by rotating a resonator. Frequency mismatch between two stiffness principal axes is a major cause of low performance: vibrating pattern drift and reduced control effectiveness. This mismatch has been reduced significantly by the addition of small mass. A negative spring effect, which lowers resonance frequencies, has been verified experimentally.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.669-676
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• 2015

In this paper, we described the simulation results of the phase offset performance of a clock in holdover mode which was normally operated in GPS Disciplined Oscillator (GPSDO). In the TIE model, we included the time error term caused by environmental temperature variation because one of the most important parameters of clock phase error is the frequency offset and drift caused by the variation of temperature. For the simulation, we employed Maximum Time Interval Error (MTIE) for the performance evaluation when the frequency offset and drift are estimated by using an Unbiased Finite Impulse Response (UFIR) filter with ladder algorithm. We assumed that the noise in the GPS measurement is white Gaussian with zero mean and 1 ns standard deviation, and temperature linearly varies with a slope of $1{^{\circ}C}$ per hour. From the simulation results, the followings were observed. First, with the estimation error of temperature of less than 3 % and the temperature compensation period of less than 900 seconds, the requirement of CDMA2000 phase synchronization under 10 us could be achieved for more than 40,000 seconds holdover time if we employ an OCXO (Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator) clock. Second, in order to achieve the requirement of LTE-TDD under 1.5 us for more than 10,000 seconds holdover time, below 3 % estimation error and 500 seconds should be retained if a Rubidium clock is adopted.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1262-1267
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• 2008

영가금속을 이용한 아조계 염료의 탈색연구를 수행하였다. 아조계 염료는 대부분 생물학적 독성을 갖고 있으며 생물학적 분해가 어려운 경우가 많다. 색을 제거하기 위한 가장 간단한 방법은 아조결합을 파괴하는 것이며 영가금속을 이용한 환원적 제거가 가능하다. 3종의 염료를(Cibacron Briliant Yellow 3G-P (CBY3G-P), Benzopurpurin 4b (B-4B), Chicago sky blue 6b (CSB6B)) 대상으로 연구하였으며 각 염료의 반응속도는 pH에 매우 의존적이며 낮은 pH에서 반응속도가 증가되었다. 영가철에서 용해된 철이온에 의한 응집 및 침전반응도 색도제거에 기여할 수 있으며 본 연구에서는 그 기여율을 알기 위해 철이온에 의한 제거실험을 수행하였으며 그 기여율은 대상 염료에 따라 편차가 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 영가철에 의한 환원반응에 의해아조계 염료가 성공적으로 탈색될 수 있음을 증명하였다.