• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제66호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2008

We describe a new active learning method in conditional random fields (CRFs) framework for keyphrase extraction. To save elaboration in annotation, we use diversity and representative measure. We select high diversity training candidates by sentence confidence value. We also select high representative candidates by clustering the part-of-speech patterns of contexts. In the experiments using dialog corpus, our method achieves 86.80% and saves 88% training corpus compared with those of supervised method. From the results of experiment, we can see that the proposed method shows improved performance over the previous methods. Additionally, the proposed method can be applied to other applications easily since its implementation is independent on applications.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권11C호
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• pp.1045-1052
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• 2005

The symbol error probability of M-ary PSK (MPSK) and QAM (MQAM) systems using the branch with the largest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of L-branch selection combining (SC) in frequency-nonselective slow Nakagami fading channels with an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is derived theoretically For integer values of the Nakagami fading parameter m, the general formula for evaluating symbol error rate (SER) of MPSK signals in the independent branch diversity system comprises numerical analyses with the integral-form expressions. An exact closed-form SER performance of MQAM signals under the effect of SC diversity via numerical integration is presented. These performance evaluations allow designers to determine M-ary modulation methods for Nakagami fading channels.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2008

레일레이 페이딩 채널에서 전력제한을 받는 기회전송 유무에 따른 협동 다중 릴레이 시스템의 성능을 연구하였다. 전제 네트워크의 전력이 제한되었을 때 3가지의 전력 할당방법을 검토하였고, 그 결과 기회전송 전력 할당방식이 다른 전력할당방식에 비해서 가장 좋은 성능을 나타내었다. 전체 네트워크의 전력이 증가할 경우 기회전송 릴레이가 증가하였고, 기회 협동 다이버시티의 차수를 증가시키게 되며, 결국 종단간 성능이 개선됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2006

Roof greening in a city can contributes to not only providing network opportunities for dispersed greenspace patches but also bringing more greenspaces into a city. In addition, it can help to flooding and microclimate control in the city. Recently, a number of roof greening projects have been introduced, mainly to public buildings and schools. Roof peening need to offers both ecological functions and convenience and satisfaction for urban residents. This study aims to provide directions for improving ecological benefits and visual preference of roof greening. Twelve scene slides were adopted to measure people's visual preference. The survey results show that landscape images can be categorized into naturalness, visual diversity, uniqueness, and spatial flexibility. Physical scenes can be classified into type I mostly greened by plants, type II mixed between convenience facilities and plants, and type III constructed with pond. People show high preferences to type I and type II when visual diversity is high. The results of this study suggest to enhance the visual preference by considering visual diversity when applying the ecological design methods to improve naturalness for roof greening.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권2B호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2008

We propose new routing scheme, Cooperative Diversity-based Routing (CDR)which utilize the cooperative space diversity for power saving and for performance enhancement of wireless ad-hoc networks. The end-to-end performance of the proposed routing, CDR, is analyzed based on the Haenggi's link model. The improved performance is compared with Multi-hop Relay Routing (MRR) by analytical methods. When the required outage probability is $1{\times}10^{-3}$ at the destination node in ad-hoc networks with 7 nodes, we noticed that each node can save power consumption by 21.5 dB in average, by using our proposed CDR compared to MRR.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2022

추천시스템은 소비자를 대신하여 소비자가 선호할 만한 아이템이나 서비스를 검색하여 구매할 수 있도록 한다. 추천시스템의 추천은 사용자들이 경험하지 않은 아이템들에 대한 선호 예측이기 때문에 완전하게 맞는 답이 도출되는 것은 불가능하다. 따라서 예측에 대한 평가가 수행되어야만 비로소 추천시스템이 정확한지 아닌지를 판단할 수 있다. 그러나 사용자 선호에 대한 예측 정확성만을 높이는 추천은 오히려 사용자의 만족도를 하락시킬 수 있는데 이는 사용자의 취향만을 반영한 편중된 결과로 사용자는 다양한 아이템들로 구성된 추천 결과를 받을 수 없는 필터버블 현상이 야기되기 때문이다. 품질 측정 지표의 다각화가 필요한 이유이고 대표적으로 다양성 지표가 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 추천 결과의 다양성 증대를 위한 3가지 기본 접근방법인 bin packing, weighted random choice, greedy re-ranking을 실제 e-커머스 데이터인 패션 쇼핑몰 데이터에 적용하여 도출된 결과와 F1 score에 기반을 둔 차이를 분석한다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.461-470
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and whole-genome selection signatures of Luxi cattle to reveal its genomic characteristics in terms of meat and carcass traits, skeletal muscle development, body size, and other traits. Methods: To further analyze the genomic characteristics of Luxi cattle, this study sequenced the whole-genome of 16 individuals from the core conservation farm in Shandong region, and collected 174 published genomes of cattle for conjoint analysis. Furthermore, three different statistics (pi, F_st, and XP-EHH) were used to detect potential positive selection signatures related to selection in Luxi cattle. Moreover, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to reveal the potential biological function of candidate genes harbored in selected regions. Results: The results showed that Luxi cattle had high genomic diversity and low inbreeding levels. Using three complementary methods (pi, F_st, and XP-EHH) to detect the signatures of selection in the Luxi cattle genome, there were 2,941, 2,221 and 1,304 potentially selected genes identified, respectively. Furthermore, there were 45 genes annotated in common overlapping genomic regions covered 0.723 Mb, including PLAG1 zinc finger (PLAG1), dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (DOCK3), ephrin A2 (EFNA2), DAZ associated protein 1 (DAZAP1), Ral GTPase activating protein catalytic subunit alpha 1 (RALGAPA1), mediator complex subunit 13 (MED13), and decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2), most of which were enriched in pathways related to muscle growth and differentiation and immunity. Conclusion: In this study, we provided a series of genes associated with important economic traits were found in positive selection regions, and a scientific basis for the scientific conservation and genetic improvement of Luxi cattle.

• 의료법학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.3-58
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• 2024

It has become a general idea today that the characteristics of medicine should be considered as a basis when discussing a medical personnel's duty of care and whether or not it has been violated, and when discussing its duty of explanation and whether or not it has been fulfilled in medical practice. However, in the discussion of its characteristics, some shortcomings still exist, so the need for a re-discussion has been raised. Firstly, existing discussions on characteristics have failed to comprehensively grasp and explain the characteristics of medical practice. Secondly, in some researchers' arguments, there are discrepancies between the terms used to express characteristics and their conceptual definitions or content. Thirdly, the lack of exemplified cases that reflect the characteristics of medicine - especially Supreme Court precedents - has led some to think negatively about the recognition and reflection of certain characteristics. In my early writings, I have described five characteristics of medical practice: 'conflict in medical goals', 'initiating appropriate medical actions (progression of illness)', 'dynamics of medical intervention (diversity of symptoms)', 'diversity of medical effects', 'inherent risk of medical treatment (invasiveness)'. In this paper, keeping in mind the reasons for the need for reconsideration, I aim to analyze the characteristics of medicine in detail and cite key parts of representative Korean Supreme Court precedents that reflect each characteristic. The characteristics of medicine extracted from this paper are; There are ten factors, including the legitimacy of the essence of medical practice, timeliness of medical execution, dynamics of medical progress, diversity of medical effects, risk of medical invasion, non-uniformity of medical methods, limitations of medical capabilities, intervention of the medical subject, high degree of medical standards, and maldistribution of medical data.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.320-332
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• 2015

This study investigated the main dishes of menus at university faculty cafeterias to understand current lunch menu trends. A sample of 1040 menus was collected from Internet homepages of 52 universities between March and May, 2014. The main dishes of menus were categorized into six groups based on main ingredients and cooking methods. The most frequently served main dish ingredient was pork followed by fish/seafood, and poultry. Pork dishes and chicken dishes were mainly roasted, pan fried, or deep fried with various carbohydrate ingredients to bulk them up. Large amounts of chili pepper, corn syrup, and oil were added to improve the bland flavor of these dishes, which contain starchy ingredients. In contrast to pork dishes or chicken dishes, 40.2% of beef dishes was served in a more traditional way as soup. Fewer kinds of fish or seafood were used, and the cooking methods also lacked diversity. In conclusion, main dish menus at university faculty cafeterias have undergone changes in terms of ingredients and cooking methods. Meat dishes cooked using traditional methods are becoming less common, especially for pork and chicken dishes, which are quite sweet, salty, and spicy. Extensive use of carbohydrate ingredients was found in some meat dishes and side dishes in one-dish meals.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2016

공간다중화 방식을 사용하는 MIMO 시스템은 다이버시티 기법을 사용하는 MIMO 시스템과 비교할 때 높은 전송률을 달성하지만 다이버시티 이득이 낮아 데이터 전송 신뢰도를 높이기 위하여 MIMO 수신단에서 공간정보스트림을 분리해야한다. 본 논문에서는 격자부호에 의한 채널 용량 검출 기법, 사용자 3인인 간섭채널과 선형검출기법인 ZF(Zero Forcing)와 MMSE(Minimum Mean Square Error) 검파 기법을 비교했다. 이때 채널은 Diagonal 채널이 된다. 즉, Diagonal 채널은 $[H]_N[H]_N^{-1}=[I]_N$로 역행렬이 element-wise inverse로 Jacket 행렬의 성질을 만족함을 확인했다.