• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.155-162
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• 2020

In this paper, we present a radiation compensation method and experiment method for two-dimensional direction finding by elevation and azimuth angles of broadband GPS signal, and then produce experimental results. Previous studies have performed direction finding by only using the azimuth angle of the detected signal. So, the compensation table utilizes compensation data by azimuth angles only. However, the presented method in this study has compensation data by azimuth and elevation angles for two-dimensional direction finding. Because of direction finding systems and applications are diversified, recently. So, we present a two-dimensional radiation compensation method. For evaluation of the presented compensation method, we calculate the ideal phase differences on the antenna for two-dimensional direction finding and simulate phase differences using a FEKO EM simulator. Subsequently, we analyze experimental data by radiation compensation experiments using the presented compensation method in an anechoic chamber.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.237-243
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• 2022

Seongbuk Village Archive is a village archive built by Seongbuk-gu Office and Seongbuk Cultural Center to contain the uniqueness and specificity of the region. It is a community archive that preserves the records of the community and a digital archive that builds a database through the digitalization of source data. The management system and home page were established through annual and step-by-step promotion through public-private governance. Seongbuk Village Archive's system is designed to facilitate data accumulation and connection between individual records based on the advanced village record standard classification system. Based on this, Seongbuk Cultural Center tried to produce convergence cultural content by linking records online and off-line. In addition, the composition of items displayed on the website has been diversified to not only preserve records but also produce and utilize content. It is a structure created after contemplating how to show the creation and existence of Seongbuk's historical and cultural resources to users in context. In addition, a richer archive platform was built through various curations and activities of the resident record group.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Recently, the functions of smart speakers have diversified, and the penetration rate of smart speakers is increasing. As it becomes more widespread, various techniques have been proposed to cause anomalous behavior against smart speakers. Dolphin Attack, which causes anomalous behavior against the Voice Controllable System (VCS) during various attacks, is a representative method. With this method, a third party controls VCS using ultrasonic band (f>20kHz) without the user's recognition. However, since the method uses the ultrasonic band, it is necessary to install an ultrasonic speaker or an ultrasonic dedicated device which is capable of outputting an ultrasonic signal. In this paper, a smart speaker is controlled by generating an audio signal modulated at a frequency (18 to 20) which is difficult for a person to hear although it is in the human audible frequency band without installing an additional device, that is, an ultrasonic device. As a result with the method proposed in this paper, while humans could not recognize voice commands even in the audible band, it was possible to control the smart speaker with a probability of 82 to 96%.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1817-1826
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• 2022

Public concern on the methods of raising food-producing animals has increased, especially in the last two decades, leading to voluntary and mandated changes in the animal production methods. The primary objective of these changes is to improve the welfare of farm animals. The use of gestational stalls is currently a major welfare issue in swine production. Several studies assessed the welfare of alternative housing systems for gestating sows. A comparative study was performed with gestating sows housed in either individual stalls or in groups in a pen with an electronic sow feeder. This review assessed the welfare of each housing system using physiological, behavioral, and reproductive performance criteria. The current review identified clear advantages and disadvantages of each housing system. Individual stall housing allowed each sow to be given an individually tailored diet without competition, but the sows had behavioral restrictions and showed stereotypical behaviors (e.g., bar biting, nosing, palate grinding, etc.). Group-housed sows had increased opportunities to display such behavior (e.g., ability to move around and social interactions); however, a higher prevalence of aggressive behavior, especially first mixing in static group type, caused a negative impact on longevity (more body lesions, scratch and bite injuries, and lameness, especially in subordinate sows). Conclusively, a more segmented and diversified welfare assessment could be beneficial for a precise evaluation of each housing system for sows. Further efforts should be made to reduce aggression-driven injuries and design housing systems (feeding regimen, floor, bedding, etc.) to improve the welfare of group-housed sows.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 1998

For efficient development of rural facilities, choice of their optimum locations would be an important issue, however, existing research works concentrated much more an allocation policy of urban industrial complex and public facilities than rural ones. In this study, because agricultural-cum-industrial complex has been the most widely developed representative one of rural facilities, it was selected as a case study facility. As a pre-study to system development, existing governmental location-decision system was checked and interviewing survey carried out to find out on-spot problems. And, being based on literature review and survey analysis results, 4-step optimum locational decision model was developed , formulation of locational goal system, ranking tabulation on components, determination of significance values of components, calculation of component scores. Finally, through the case study works on 3 sites, system applicability was checked, Considering together the simplicity problem of existing guidelines and the interviewing survey results favoring the diversified viewpoints, it would be necessary to develop multifaceted support system for locational decision making. 3-tier classification steps from the higher, middle to lower one were used and their underpinning viewpoints were sorted as on regional development, entrepreneurship, spatial rationality, from which a tentative locational goal system was formulated. Through the expert group checking, final locational goal system was determined having 3 of the higher classification items, 7 of the middle ones, 23 of the lower ogles. For ranking tabulation, 3 types of ranking criteria were arranged which were based on statistical analysis using mean and standard deviation(Type I ), its existence or not 1 good or not(Type E ), and the others(Type E ). From the significance evaluation results, regional development and entrepreneurship aspects were valued much higher than spatial rationality aspect. And, in the middle step, items as spread effects of regional economy, accessibility and social potentialities were highly valued while infrastructural development level and natural condition being low. The application results of the system to 3 case study total. However, the detailed ones differed among study the influencing effects on regional economy, and contrast greater the infrastructural development level. Conclusively, final evaluation values well represented the characteristics of each area. If this system be complemented and applied comprehensively by the successive studies, it would be developed to a general model of locational decision supporting system for rural facilities.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-49
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• 2003

It is difficult to examine the causal relation of pollution damages because the time gap between pollution cause and effect is large and new pollutants are continuously being produced. Their many environmental effects are not promptly studied. As both the study of causal relation about pollution and the pollutant treatment are becoming highly advanced by the development of science and environmental technology, both the economy and balance on environmental regulation may be discussed. It is reasonable to decide environmental policy in consideration of close relation between both the generation and resolution of environmental problems and of technological developments because environmental problems are related to complicated social problems and scientific technologies. First item in policy decision about environmental control and management is preferentially to consider the way of prevention. It is necessary to prevent pollution by regulating the installment of environmental pollution facility into the environmentally sensitive areas, like water supply source and to regulate land utilization as a method to achieve pollution prevention. Second is a consideration of environmental technology development. This is a solution which can accomplish the development of environmental technology and the reinforcement of economic competition. Third is the coexistence of environment and economy. It is necessary to consider economy in connection with environmental problems and environment in economic problem. Then, we can enjoy a healthy life as well as economic affluence. Fourth is the enlargement of environmental management means. Environmental management means must be diversified because environmental cause and effect are varied. For Improving the land use regulation system, it is necessary to consider both land use regulation status and pollutant toxicity with the development of environmental technology. Land use must be approached by classifying land to 3 levels; water source protection zone and water front zone, special zone 1 and 2, rancus and other zones. Land regulation policy to prevent any accident in water source protection zone, waterfront zone, and special zone must be continuously upgraded. However, economical consideration in other zones is required by the development of environmental technology.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2006

Software architecture is the high level model of a software system. It should be specified with ADLs (Architecture Description Languages) for its clarity and preciseness. Most ADLs such as C2SADL have not come into extensive use in industries since ADL users should learn a distinct notation specific to architecture, and ADLs do not address all stakes of the development process that is becoming diversified everyday. On the other hand, UML is a do facto standard general modeling language for software developments. UML provides a consistent notation and various supporting tools during the whole software development cycle. But, UML is a general modeling language and does not provide all concepts that are important to architecture description. UML should be extended in order to precisely model architecture. In this paper, we defined a C2 architecture modeling language as a UML2.0 profile. We applied the defined C2 architecture modeling language to the modeling of a restaurant reservation system.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.311-320
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• 2011

Public libraries in Korea have undergone changes from libraries for just reading or keeping books to libraries with cultural facilities that provide information through various media. It was because of the "plan for building the information-oriented library" in 2000 that made the complexation of public library in progress. The alterations of the system have changed the structure as well as the grade ranks but haven't been considered enough for administrators or visitors. Hereupon, we are to study of the features by analyzing how the application of the system changed the structure of library. There are four stages in research methods. First, concept of public library and functional elements requested in the process of complexation were studied from literature. Second, vertical, horizontal and circulate changes were studied by applying subject libraries into prior research stereotyping the libraries. Third, mutual relations between each place were studied through J-Graph by elements. Lastly, rank changes according to centrality of space and users were quantitatively studied with space syntax. 4 notable changes were found in these analyses. (1)Vertical, horizontal and circulate structure of public libraries were homogenized. Since 2001, however, they have become diversified as all-in-one or detachable. (2)The space structure of library before 2001 was shallow tree shape while in 2001, period of transition, was the tree shape mixed with ring shape. As time goes on, it has become shallow tree shape again but connected by ring shape in part of reading and common space and in digital reference room. (3)Digital reference room was center of the space around 2001 and it ranked top for integration. After 2007, however, it has become setting off-center. (4)About the purpose of using public libraries, using it as space for administrators ranked top followed by space for visitors and common space before. For now, common space ranks top and space for visitors and administrators. 5 subject public libraries were selected respectively before and after 2001.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.59-79
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• 2020

Men learning has no fixed route. In other words, any route can be taken, which can also be seen in the structure of other "complex systems" discussed in modern society. It can also be examined through Yang's long-standing classic, The Book of Changes Men learning itself started from informal learning to become today's formal learning. As we look at the stages of human civilization's progress, we can quickly discover these stages of development. The issue of human beings has always been a topic of discussion, and these discussions are ongoing. Men learn through language and tools, technology and culture, and through philosophy, art, and religion to deal with their complex and diverse mental world. Through these various activities, learning is accomplished. This is not limited to the physical processes of one generation learning through inheriting knowledge; men's learning, a kind of mental process, has extended our life. This is why there is no other reason that men's minds and learning are always developing. This study is about how to learn in a complex and diversified modern society and to find out how to coexist with the principles of the "complex system" and The Book of Changes.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.96-105
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• 2003

Technical improvement and the growth of the Internet environment make the market segmental of the manufacturing industry. These social trends have had an effect on the housing market, and the housing market changed from the supplier-oriented to the consumer-oriented. In recent years the occupants' needs for the apartment is diversified and complicated. But the existing mass housing supply method has many problems. It couldn't satisfy the dwellers' various needs and couldn't reflect overall expected life span either. In order to realize the sustainable building & environment, the research for the open housing system is actively performed. Finally the custom-built apartment which imported the concept of the open housing is constructed. But after running the custom-built apartment, several problems are revealed. Therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze the problems and then suggest the improving methods for a custom-built apartment.