• Intergrated Energy Industry
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• s.1
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• pp.66-67
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.438-453
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• 2007

Oriental Medicine Shopping District in Kyungdong Market developed through moving the Jongro which has been the center of oriental medicine since Joseon dynasty period. This shopping district grows up as a wholesale center based on convenient traffics. In 1994, herb clinics are major industry. But in 2007 the number of herb clinics has been reduced, while drug stores have increased. And doctors' age becomes older. Oriental Medicine Shopping District in Kyungdong Market occupies the center-stage of medicinal stuff's distribution and approximately 70% of the stuff come from other parts of the country. The district seems to be developing and modernizing comparing to the past. But it is not true. In this paper, I explain this phenomenon as "inertia about place". Oriental Medicine Shopping District in Kyungdong Market is suffering, but it tries to raise itself as the biggest oriental medicine market and new tourist site for they are designated as Hanbang Special District.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.339-349
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• 2020

This study aims to identify participating resident awareness of the improvements to forest carbon cycle villages created by the Korea Forest Service by introducing a system for district heating basedon forest biomass in mountainous areas. Hwacheon Forest Carbon Circulation village was established in Paroho-neureup village in Yuchon-ri, Hwacheon-gun between 2011 and 2013. However, its operation has not been smooth due to the increasing number of households rapidly leaving the district heating system. This study surveyed 76 households that participated in the district heating system using forest biomass in the early stages of the project. This includes households participating in the district heating system(participating households) and households not currently participating in the district heating system(withdrawal households) from September 2019. Surveys focused on the process of participating in forest carbon cycle village projects, and satisfaction in local heating and policy requirements. Of the 67 households, excepting those not allowed to participate in the survey due to death or having moved elsewhere, 36 households participated and 31 households the were in the process of leaving the village were also included. As a result, there was a significant difference between participating and exiting households in the motivation and satisfaction level of district heating. The results of this study are expects to reflect the importance of awareness of residents in the operation of the forest carbon cycle village. This will be utilized as an important dataset for improvement as a means to promote the re-entry if outgoing households. It will also help set the direction of the forest town revitalization project, utilizing forest biomass in the future.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.3 s.49
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

This study was aimed to investigate the influence on the vicinity by air pollutant generated from facility of the district heating located in local small town. We selected the seven areas arround the surroundings of facility of the district heating, compared the air quality evaluated before and after operations of the facility, and estimated the diffusion of air pollutant exhausted from the facility using a ISC model. The result was that the concentration of TSP before and after operations of the facility was 89${\sim}$94${\mu}$g/m$^3$,and 72${\sim}$81${\mu}$g/m$^3$, respectively and the latter showed a decline in concentration. Also, there was no relationship between straight distance from the facility of the district heating and the concentration of TSP. This result was applicable to cases of PM-10 and SO$_2$. We also investigated the influence on the air around the neighbored area by air pollutant produced from facility of the district heating using ISCLT3 model. The adding-concentrations of TSP, SO$_2$,NO$_2$, and CO were 0.0019${\sim}$0.00183${\mu}$g/m$^3$, 0.0029${\sim}$0.5648ppb, 0.2924${\sim}$l.9837ppb,and 0.0087${\sim}$0.0590ppb, respectively. It is predicted that each concentration is added to pollutant exhausted from facility of the district heating and is about 1/100${\sim}$1/180,000 of present air quality. This has a tiny influence on general air quality. According to this analysis, the concentration of air pollutant is less effected to pollutants expected by the facility of the district heating than other pollutants emitted from mobil source or industrial complex, and etc.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.83-86
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• 2005

최근 가공 송전선로 건설에 대한 인근 지역주민들의 반대에 부딪쳐, 불가피하게 가옥이 밀집된 주거지역을 우회하거나 토지 활용도가 낮은 산악지를 이용하여 선로를 건설하는 경우가 대부분이다. 이와 같이 경과지의 제한성으로 인해 때때로 국지적인 기상현상 발생 우려가 있는 지역에 불가피하게 송전선로를 건설하는 경우가 있으며, 이상기상 현상이 발생하는 11월말에서 3월초 사이에 경기북부 지역의 국지성 돌풍에 의해 갤로핑(Galloping)현상이 종종 발생되었다 갤로핑은 바람으로 인해 전력선이 횡진과 출렁임이 발생되는 현상을 말한다. 송전선로의 지지물에는 주로 철탑이 사용되고, 전력선은 ACSR 410mm 복도체가 주로 사용된다. 송전선로는 경제성과 계통의 안전성을 고려하여 수직배열로 2회선용 표준철탑을 사용한다. 갤로핑 현상은 바람에 의해 전력설에 심한 진동을 일으켜, 수직 배열된 전력선 상간 단락 또는 전력선과 가공지선간의 지락으로 고장전류가 생기고, 고장전류에 의한 보호계전기 동작으로 선로가 트립(Trip)되며, 이로 인한 전력공급 중단이 발생된다. 또한 전력선의 기계적인 진동에 의하여 전력선의 단선 또는 지지물의 파손으로 영구고장을 일으킬 수도 있다. 본 논문에서는 경기북부지역의 산악지에 설치된 154kV 송전선로에서 산비탈면을 타고 오르는 상승 바람에 의한 갤로핑 사례를 국내 최초로 현장에서 촬영한 동영상 자료를 토대로 소개하고, 갤로핑 발생시 송전선로에 미친 영향 등 검토 결과를 설명하였다. 전력선에 생긴 아크 흔적을 토대로 전력선간의 단락이 발생했던 지점을 실제로 관측할 수 있었다. 최근 갤로핑으로 인한 상간 단락 고상 방지론 목적으로 개발된 폴리머 상간스페이서(Interphase spacer)의 시공 사례를 소개하고, 현재까지 상간스페이서가 설치된 송전선로의 점검 결과를 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2012

A district heating system produces thermal energy and supplies it to a large region. District heating systems can provide higher efficiencies and better pollution control than localized boilers. The heat generated by a district heating system is distributed to the customer via a network of insulated pipes. For the optimal operation of a district heating system, it is important to predict the distributions of pressure, flow rate and temperature of heating fluid within the network of pipes at various operating conditions. In this work, a mathematical modeling was performed to predict the dynamic hydraulic-thermal behaviors of heating fluid in the network of pipes for a district heating system. The mathematical model accounts for the conservations of mass, momentum and energy. In order to verify the validity of modeling, the modeling results were compared with the monitoring data of Gang-nam Branch of District Heating.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.107-120
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• 2017

This study started with drawing problems of early implementation and suggesting improvement plans in order to lead a rural convergence industrialization district system to early settlement and management for its policy goals. The study aimed at 13 districts that were designated from 2014 to 2016 for analyzing an actual condition of promoting early implementation, and went ahead with it combining literature research, interview survey and specialist opinion investigation. The study examined and organized an outline, policy goal, and actual condition of rural convergence industrialization district. Furthermore, it analyzed an actual condition of promoting at each stage such as designating processes of rural convergence industrialization districts, operating body and system, regulation improvement, district supporting projects and relating projects, drew problems and finally suggested improvement plans. This study could be meaningful because it is the first study to grasp an actual condition of promoting early implementation and to remedy problems in order to manage rural convergence industrialization district system which was newly promoted since 2014 for its policy goal. In addition, it suggests that the further study of the result after managing district system for a certain period of time should be needed.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.90-96
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• 2017

When the hot water is supplied through the district heating (DH) pipeline, a pressure differential control valve (PDCV) protects the DH user equipment from the high pressure DH water and helps to supply DH water to long distance. It also controls the temperature and adjust the pressure in the main district heating pipeline. However, cavitation occurs in PDCV due to the use of high pressure DH water. It causes frequent failures and many problems. It also causes energy loss and complaints to both operators and users. In order to solve these problems, we will introduce the energy saving technology to replace the primary side PDCV with hydraulic turbine, convert the differential pressure into electricity, and utilize electricity as the power of the secondary side pump.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.459-465
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• 2007

This study was conducted to calculate the LCC of a apartment complex with a type of heating system, district heating and cogeneration system. For the purpose of analyzing LCC according to size of apartment complex, 500, 1,500 and 4,000 houses of model apartment selected. This research performs design of heating system and the life cycle cost analysis including an initial cost, energy cost, maintenance and operation cost, replacement cost and renovation cost during the project period(15years). According to the calculated results, 1) Initial cost of cogeneration system with 500, 1500 and 4000 houses is higher than district heating system each of 20%, 13%, 12%. 2) In case of cogeneration system, the payback period by electric generation is 5.21, 4.92 and 4.47 years and saving cost was calculated 29 billion won, 94 billion won and 262 billion won after payback period. 3) Cogeneration system LCC was 1.12, 1.07 and 1.06 times larger than district system with the size of apartment complex. According to the case of this study district heating system is more efficient than cogeneration system in terms of the reduction of LCC. 4) Gas Engine Co-generation System is more efficient than other systems because it can collect progressive part from electric charge progressive stage system. However, the efficiency is decreasing because of raising of fuel bills(LNG) and lowering of power rate for house use. Especially the engine is foreign-made so the cost of maintenance and repair is high and the technical expert is short. 5) District heating is also affected by fuel bills so we should improve energy efficiency through recovering of waste heat(incineration heat, etc.). Also, we should supply district cooling on the pattern of heat using of let the temperature high in winter and low in summer.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.544-551
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the LCC of apartment complexes with district heating and a cogeneration system. For the purpose of analyzing LCC according to the size of the apartment complex, 500, 1,500, and 4,000-unit model apartments were selected. Analysis was performed on the design of the heating system and the life cycle cost including total construction cost, maintenance and operation cost for the duration of the project period (15 years). According to the calculated results, 1) The initial cost of the cogeneration system for 500, 1,500, and 4,000-unit apartments is higher than that of the district heating system by 20%, 13%, and 12%, respectively. 2) In the case of the cogeneration system, the payback period by electric generation was found to be 5.21, 4.92 and 4.47 years, and saving cost was calculated to be 29 billion won, 94 billion won and 262 billion won after the payback period for 500, 1,500, and 4,000-unit apartments, respectively. 3) The LCC values of the cogeneration system were 1.12, 1.07 and 1.06 times larger than those of the district system according to the size of the apartment complex. In this study, the district heating system was found to be more efficient than the cogeneration system in terms of LCC reduction. 4) District heating is affected by fuel bills, so energy efficiency should be improved through recovering waste heat (incineration heat, etc.). Also, district cooling should be provided according to heat use to keep the temperature high in winter and low in summer.